Now the common rope types are: yellow hemp rope, cotton hemp rope, formula rope, cotton rope, nylon rope, bamboo fiber rope, hemp rope and so on.

1. Hemp rope is a rope made of jute fiber. This paper is mainly about hemp rope, so I won't say much here.

2. Cotton hemp rope is a kind of rope made of jute fiber and cotton fiber when making yarn. The earliest formula rope made by Mr. Shui Yuan should belong to this category, because there is no rope made by Mr. Shui Yuan at hand, so it is not very clear. At present, there are not many cotton twines, which are softer than pure yellow twines and have certain ductility (elasticity).

3. Formula rope, also called formula hemp rope, the earliest formula rope should be made of cotton and hemp. I'm not sure about the specific formula now. I have seen cotton rope and silk rope (I don't know what material), which are softer than hemp rope and have certain extensibility (elasticity).

4. cotton rope: this is probably the rope that everyone sees most in a treasure. I won't say more about the specific characteristics of this rope, which is similar to the formula rope. That is, the cotton rope has a way of playing. When it is soaked in water, it will knot, and when it is dry, it will automatically tighten.

5. Nylon rope: It is common in binding in Europe and America, and some performances will see nylon rope. Because I don't know much about this kind of rope, I won't say much. After all, it's not the kind of rope I usually use, so I don't know much.

6. Bamboo fiber rope: Now a friend is making bamboo fiber rope. Because I have never used it, I don't know what its characteristics are. It feels good.

7. Hemp rope: Hemp rope is sold in Japanese rope houses. According to some used predecessors, hemp rope feels more delicate than jute, but its texture is very soft. Since I haven't used it myself, I won't introduce it here. I'm going to do a batch of experiments myself.

Two. Characteristics and origin of jute

If you want to understand hemp rope, you must first understand jute. In this section, let's talk about jute.

1. Botanical definition and species of jute

Botanically, hemp can be divided into bast fiber and leaf fiber. Bast fiber refers to the fiber stripped from the phloem part of dicotyledonous plant stem, and jute belongs to this category. Jute can be divided into two types: long fruit type (kenaf) and round fruit type (white hemp). Here I only talk about the difference between the two kinds of fibers: the fiber of long fruit species is thin and long, with better quality and higher spinnability. The fiber of round fruit species is thicker than that of long fruit species, and there is little difference in strength and softness. There are more than 200 kinds of jute now known.

2. The history and origin of jute (the following is an excerpt from the literature)

The origin of jute is unknown. Candal believes that the origin of jute is Indian, the fruit species is Kolkata, and the long fruit species is Kordofor. Jute, the English name of jute, may have evolved from the word "Chotte" (meaning plant or fabric (I really can't read traditional Chinese characters) in Bangladesh. Jute from China was imported from India, but the date of introduction cannot be verified. We only know that it has a long history. There is a record of yellow silk jute in Zhengzhou in Geography of Song Dynasty, which can prove that jute was produced in Henan in Song Dynasty. According to the records of Takeda and Song Tian, it is claimed that jute originated in China.

At present, the main jute producing areas are China, India, Bangladesh, Brazil, Nepal, Iran, Japan, Indonesia, Egypt, Thailand and Argentina. (Because Bangladesh is 197 1 independent, many old documents do not have this origin. It used to be a province of British India.

Three. Jute fiber and yarn

1. Jute fiber

There are many factors that affect the fiber, first of all, the variety of the year, the planting place, the duration of light, the humidity of the planting place, and different harvest times will also affect the quality of jute fiber.

2. Jute yarn

Almost every major jute producing area has this grade of jute yarn. Jute yarn produced in Bangladesh has six yarn grades, but it is only used to distinguish the thickness. China and India have corresponding yarn grades, but I forgot. The production of hemp rope is not that the finer the yarn, the better, nor that the more the yarn. But the uniformity of the yarn and the process suitable for the yarn used. Not much to say here. I try to explain it with hemp rope.

Fourth, yellow hemp rope

Finally got to the point. In fact, why do you want to lay so many? In fact, I just want to say that there are many factors that affect the quality of hemp rope. This section mainly talks about the production technology of hemp rope.

First, the rope-making process: after the jute matures, it is made into jute fiber by natural degumming or chemical degumming. Most of the documents I checked were natural degumming and microbial degumming. Then the jute fiber is spun into jute yarn. This is usually done in the country of origin of jute. Finally, the jute yarn is twisted into strands and then twisted into jute rope. There are also some hemp ropes where two strands are intertwined, which is related to the spinning process.

Then talk about the production process: hemp rope is twisted into a ball, so I have to say that twisting into a ball is the force used to twist the rope. I don't know if you ever played with cotton ropes when you were a child. If the strength is well controlled, two cotton ropes can be twisted into one rope. You can't twist the rope if the force is small. When the power is great, it will become a lump. This is actually a turning point. Twist affects the shape of the final rope. Jute yarns have different twists for different purposes. In fact, every rope maker has its own data, so I won't go into details here. After all, this is a trade secret. But what I want to say here is that the high and low twist is finally obtained through many experiments, and every rope needs to be fine-tuned. To sum up here, the matching materials correspond to the matching production process, and finally a hemp rope will be obtained.

Having finished the general concept, let's talk about the details:

First of all, talk about yarn count. In fact, the yarn count of the rope was marked on the website of Japan Rope House very early. In my earliest post, I also wrote about the yarn count. At that time, it was probably the only data in my cognitive level that could quantify the quality of a rope. However, I wrote in the last sentence of the post at that time: whether the yarn thickness can judge the quality of a rope and whether it will affect the wear resistance of the rope remains to be verified. Anyway, among the ropes used now (my own rope, rope of several stages of 8 15, rope of self-improvement, rope of Japanese rope house, rope of teacher Su Bei, rope of Nana Ogawa, Japan, rope of teacher Zhi Yigui, Taiwan Province. The differences are: impurity quantity, smell, twist, color, luster and yarn evenness. Personally, I think the yarn matching process is very important when making rope. I don't think it is necessary to blindly pursue high count yarn. The following is my personal opinion on the quality of rope:

I. Quality of Jute Fiber and Yarn

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Speaking of which, I have talked about all the preparations for my opening. What I want to say here is that no matter the variety, origin, weather at harvest, yarn production technology and so on. It will have an impact but it is not absolute. In fact, what we prefer to see is a uniform and powerful yarn.

According to the color of fiber, the quality of raw hemp can generally be judged. Huang Yang has its own qualities. For example, jute long fruit species are milky yellow, some are brown, jute round fruit species are milky white, and some are gray white. Jute and kenaf fibers have luster, and the luster of jute is better than kenaf. Moreover, the degumming process also affects the yarn quality.

I don't want someone to start marking their own rope after writing. Even the cotton mill doesn't necessarily know, let alone you, a rope seller. )

Generally speaking, all the ropes we can touch now are the same color, but there are some differences in color, and there are some differences between the treated hemp rope and the original rope. There should be a problem of water supply here. Usually the rope after water has no luster, which may be the problem of excessive degumming. Because the method of biological degumming is indeed degumming through dead water or living water.

Regarding the smell of rope, the last step in making yarn is to add emulsifier, and the formula of emulsifier is different in each country. In the literature, I saw the standards of emulsifiers in Bangladesh, Britain, Sudan and Pakistan. Except for an example in Sudan and Britain, mineral oil ranging from 20% to 26% was added, so why the original rope has a special taste is obvious here. And the emulsion should use a soft hemp machine.

2. Production process when making rope

The rope-making process has a great influence on the original jute rope itself, which affects the final product of the rope in three aspects: first, the quality of jute fiber itself and yarn; Second, the manufacturing process when making the original rope; Third, the processing technology of the original rope. The quality of jute fiber and yarn has been mentioned before, and the latter two processes are mainly described here.

The most subjective thing when we get the rope is the color and feel, so the color is not mentioned anymore. For the feel, we are most intuitive about the hardness and smoothness of the rope (whether the rope is stuck or kinked), which are influenced by the original rope manufacturing technology and treatment technology. It is difficult for you to distinguish them with the naked eye. More is that your hands are aware of this. Theoretically, the production and post-processing of each rope will be different. Even the same rope, different people will have this different feel after processing. But one thing is that if the quality of jute fiber and yarn is not good, it is difficult to make up for the difference in hand feel through technology. Simply put, even if the quality of the original rope is not good, it is difficult to improve the cost and feel of the rope qualitatively.

Process and explanation of treating rope with rank rope;

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Here I will write it in five parts: common processes and their advantages and disadvantages, special processes, methods I think are inappropriate, personal rope handling processes, and daily rope maintenance.

I. Common processes, advantages and disadvantages

In fact, many processes and videos about rope handling can be found on the Internet, including the detailed processes and precautions of rope handling in Teacher Kobayashi's Rope Binding Skills, but the cognition is constantly refreshed. So first of all, I would like to pay tribute to the predecessors here. Without you, there would be no us now. However, with the evolution of time and the change of cognition, we have to say that some methods and processes may not be suitable for now.

First of all, I want to declare that according to the different ropes, the treatment methods are different, so what technology is the rope in my hand and how to treat it depends on a lot of experiments.

1, softened by water

In fact, each company has different treatment methods for whether to water the rope at high temperature. The explanation that it is not watered here is not that important. The last article also wrote that the rope will be damaged (excessive degumming) and the twist of the rope will change. Because I can't handle the rope myself, the advice I can give here is to hang heavy objects while drying in the shade.

As for the benefits of passing water, I understand that one is that it can soften the rope (I don't like very soft rope very much) and the other is the so-called cleaning function. Because I don't have relevant literature support, I won't comment on the so-called "dirty" rope.

2. singeing

About singeing is to clean the floating hair on the surface of the rope. There are many ways to singe the hair here, including singeing once, singeing twice after folding in half, and loosening the rope. After my test, in fact, the last way is not very simple for me to operate personally, because it is easy to over-carbonize the rope by loosening and controlling the time for the rope to stay on the flame.

There are several key points to write here. In fact, the higher the flame temperature, the better. Once I used an alcohol blowtorch to burn the rope, and the probability of carbonization was very high. Whether it's single burning or half burning and double burning, my personal suggestion is to try internal burning first, and then repeat it many times, which will reduce the chance of misoperation. I personally used two kinds of singeing tools, one is a mountain gas stove, and the other is a household gas stove. The former is easy to carry and the flame is pure. The second is that the structure of gas will make the flame cover better and burn easily. There is little difference between the ropes burnt by these two kinds of flames.

Last but not least, remember to clean your rope after singeing. I use cotton gloves to wipe the rope, which can clean up the carbon deposit after singeing. The rope after singeing is darker than before singeing, which is because the rope is a little white because of floating hair.

3, oiling

One thing about oiling is whether oiling is even or not, and the other is about the choice of oil.

Whether it is uniform or not depends mainly on your experience, so you can only try it yourself. There are also two ways to oil, one is to oil directly with hands, and the other is to oil with cotton gloves. Please test yourself whether you are good or bad.

Regarding the choice of oil and wax, firstly, the permeability and coverage of vegetable oil and animal oil are different. The specific chemical properties will not be written here. It is recommended to use edible oil and wax (wax is a high-grade oil in chemistry), but it does not mean that edible oil can be selected, and edible oil is easy to deteriorate. Oiling is actually a step to protect the rope and the bound person, and also to prevent the rope from being excessively oxidized. I chose the oil myself. I'll write it down at the end.

4. Dry in the shade

One step after oiling is to let the grease part fully penetrate into the rope. In fact, it is very simple here, that is, to avoid direct sunlight and dry and ventilate in the shade.

Second, the special process

1, screening and selecting impurities

In this regard, rank rope has been doing. There will definitely be yarn connection and impurities after the original rope is finished. The first step in this step is to avoid the yarn connection part when cutting the rope. One is that the yarn connection part of the rope is uneven, and the other is that it will affect the strength of the whole rope. As for impurities, no matter how good the rope is, there are impurities in the rope, which come from the impurities of jute fiber itself. Because the impurity itself is hard, I personally think it may scratch the skin, so I will do the process of removing the impurity before making it. Of course, if you don't have certain production experience, this step will hurt the yarn, so I need to pay special attention.

2. Oil before and after singeing

Recently, I watched many videos of teachers making ropes. Some teachers oil the rope before or after singeing. I am also using this method to make the oil penetrate into the rope better, and it can also effectively prevent the rope from carbonization caused by misoperation during singeing.

Step 3: comb

The carding of the rope makes the rope feel more comfortable, and the processing technology of each family is different, so I won't elaborate here.

Step 4: Go through the oven

In fact, this method is the same as oiling before burning. One is to make oil penetrate better, and the other is to take remedial measures. When you have too much oil, this method can finally be saved. You need to test the temperature.

Third, I personally think that the method is improper.

1, sand rope.

This is a method used by a colleague before, and I don't quite understand it. The sandpaper we usually use is made of various abrasive particles stuck to the base paper, so there will be some residual sand particles in the gap of the rope when the sandpaper is grinded again. So I don't think this way is desirable.

2, medical gloves pull rope

I did an experiment about it. Whether I pull the rope at high speed or at low speed, my gloves will break soon. Some people say that medical rubber gloves are used to ensure sterility in the production process. First of all, jute fiber itself has certain antibacterial and moisture-proof properties. Moreover, as a natural material, there is not much difference between fabrics and clothes, so the way mentioned here is not valid.

3. Soak in oil

Soaking in oil is to completely soak the pretreated hemp rope in oil. This way is really the simplest and easiest way to completely soak the oil in the rope. However, I did an experiment. After the rope soaked in oil is dried in the shade 15 days, the oil is not completely dried, and oil stains will be left on the user during use. So personally, I think this kind of treatment is not appropriate.

Fourthly, the rope arranging process.

My personal process and suggestions for handling ropes are mainly written here.

Firstly, the rope is screened to remove impurities.

Second, apply a thin layer of horse oil.

Third, singeing, there is no specific number of times here, mainly as clean as possible. I usually burn it three or four times now.

Fourth, clean up the carbon deposit after burning the burr on the rope surface with pure cotton gloves.

Fifth, straighten the rope by physical means.

Sixth, singeing again, it will be burned once or twice here, or it will be mainly burned clean.

Seventh, wipe the raw edges with cotton gloves and coat them with a thin layer of mixed oil, and then dry them in the shade for a short time.

Eighth, apply a layer of adjusted wax and dry it in the shade.

Let me talk about my choice of wax. For my own choice of oil wax, the first is food grade. Secondly, the choice of oil is to choose several oils and edible beeswax whose ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids is closest to that secreted by human body as a mixture. Some natural antioxidants will be added here (actually very common), and finally some naturally extracted aromatic essential oils will be added (they have been changed recently, and my personal favorite is sweet orange).

Let's start with why we use beeswax. Beeswax is a natural edible wax, and its melting point before industrial treatment is about 72 degrees. Everyone knows that wax has certain anti-air oxygen and waterproof effects, so I personally think that a thin layer of beeswax on the rope can play a certain waterproof and antioxidant role.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) daily rope maintenance

For the routine maintenance of ropes, the following are commonly used:

First, it is recommended to straighten the rope every time you play.

The second is to reduce the number of times the rope is folded, and it is best if it can be hung vertically for storage.

Third, try to avoid all kinds of water stains and oil stains, especially when dripping wax.

Fourth, the rope should be stored in a cool and dry place to avoid exposure to mildew.

Fifth, if you buy my rope, you can send it to me and let me help you maintain it.

In the end, it actually took more than half a year from planning to making ropes and actually making them. For more than half a year, my friends and I have been looking for yarns, manufacturers, experimental technologies and experimental processing technologies. Up to now, my colleagues and I are constantly improving our craft and learning more knowledge to enrich our knowledge. We are not that tall, we just want to earn every penny. So please respect every craftsman.

In fact, there are still many things not written in the article, such as the relationship between fiber quality and harvest in planting area, the relationship between yarn count and strength, and the experiment of rope wear resistance. Actually, there are some documents, just don't want to write too much.