One day in 2 13 BC, Qin Shihuang held a banquet in Xianyang Palace to celebrate the great event of defeating the Xiongnu and other ethnic minorities. All the civil and military officials were present. Seventy doctors with academic fame and status also attended the banquet. At the banquet, the first week of the doctors raised a glass to celebrate the merits of Qin Shihuang. After listening to Zhou's praise, Qin Shihuang praised Zhou again and again and said, "Well said! Well said! " However, this kind of praise angered other doctors who were full of old ideas. One of them is a doctor named Chun Yuyue. He was very sad to hear Zhou say that the enfeoffment system was not good and the county system was good. He quickly said to Qin Shihuang, "Your Majesty! I heard that the Yin and Zhou Dynasties have been passed down for more than a thousand years, and their descendants are heroes. The system is already very good. " Chun Yuyue mentioned the enfeoffment system, and Qin Shihuang was very annoyed. He asked everyone to discuss it again to see whether the enfeoffment system is better or the county system is better. At this time, Reese, who had served as prime minister, opposed the fallacy of Chunyu Yue and suggested; Books hidden by historians, not Qin history, were all burned; It is not the book of songs and history books collected by doctors appointed by * * *, but a private collection of books, all of which are burned to eliminate the root causes of chaotic thoughts. So Qin Shihuang ordered books to be burned. Specifically, except those books about medicine, divination and tree planting, all the books are not historical books recorded by Qin historians, but the Book of Songs and History collected by the government. They must be given to local officials to burn. Qin Shihuang ordered the burning of books, which made many scholars very disgusted. Not only old-fashioned people opposed his atrocities, but even some doctors who enjoyed high positions and wealth in the court were whispering. When Qin Shihuang heard that scholars spoke ill of him behind his back, some people ran away. He was very angry and decided to punish them severely. So he ordered an investigation into those scholars who slandered him behind his back. He also did not conduct detailed interrogation and verification. Someone dug a big pit outside Xianyang and buried them all alive. Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, with the purpose of unifying thoughts and suppressing those thoughts and remarks that opposed centralization, but his practice went too far and was cruel. Burning books not only destroyed the cultural wealth accumulated for a long time before Qin dynasty; I cheated Confucianism and killed many creators of spiritual wealth. Qin Shihuang was a great emperor. He accomplished the great cause of reunification, and at the same time he exercised cruel rule over the people. The idiom comes from Han Kong Anguo's Preface to Shangshu: "Qin Shihuang destroyed ancient books, burned books and buried Confucianism, and all the scholars fled and dissolved.

What is the story of burning books and burying Confucianism?

Burning books and burying Confucianism occurred in the Qin Dynasty in ancient China.

In the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang (2 13 BC), Dr. Qi Chun Yu Yue opposed the "county system" implemented at that time and demanded that children be enfeoffed according to the ancient system. Li Si, the prime minister, refuted it, arguing that people should not learn from private studies and slander state affairs.

Qin Shihuang adopted Reese's suggestion, ordered the burning of historical records of other countries except Ji Qin, and also handed over and burned poems and books that did not belong to the doctor's museum within a time limit; Some people dare to talk about "poetry" and "book" executions and use the past to exterminate the nation; Private schools are forbidden, and those who want to study law should take officials as teachers. This is "burning books".

Extended data:

In the thirty-fourth year of the first emperor (2 13 BC), Qin Shihuang gave a banquet in Xianyang Palace, and the first emperor was very happy. But there is a conservative doctor named Chun Yuyue, whose native place is Qi.

He criticized Zhou's flattery on the spot. He said: "Yin Zhou Wang is over 1,000 years old and has contributed to his children and helped himself."

He criticized Qin Shihuang for abolishing the enfeoffment system and setting up counties. Said that if the minister usurped power, there was no way to save himself.

He also sarcastically said: "Those who can live for a long time without learning from the past are not heard." Li Si, the prime minister, retorted on the spot. He accused Chun of being a "foolish Confucian", and also accused Confucian scholars of "learning from the past but not learning from the present, confusing the leaders of Guizhou" and "being insincere and unable to get out of the way, praising the Lord's name, taking different things as high and attracting group slander".

He thought that such a group of Confucian scholars was a dangerous force, suggested that the first emperor resolutely stop their illegal activities, and put forward the suggestion of burning books to bury Confucianism. References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Burning Books to Pit Confucians (Historical Events).

The original text of "burning books to bury Confucianism"

"Biography of the Scholars" talks about this matter, saying: "By the end of Qin Dynasty, poetry books were burned and warlocks were trapped."

Speaking of this matter, "The Scholars of Han Dynasty" also said: "Qin Shihuang is the world, and he will burn poems and kill warlocks." Qin changed the ancient prose to think that seal script was an official, and the Chinese slandered it.

Qin suffered from the world's disobedience, and all the people who called for orders worshipped as lang, with 700 people. In addition, he secretly ordered to plant melons and fruits in the middle of Lishan valley in winter, so that people could write: melons and fruits are in winter, and doctors all over the world say that everyone is different, and everyone is watching and lying down.

It is difficult for all the students to talk to each other, because the engine is filled with soil from above and will eventually die. Burning books and burying Confucian scholars is an event in which Qin Shihuang burned the Five Classics and buried Confucian scholars alive from 2 13 BC.

These were two important measures taken after the Qin Dynasty unified China. At that time, slave owners were still creating public opinion in the ideological field to restore the old system. In 2 13, at the suggestion of Nalis, Qin Shihuang ordered the burning of historical records, poems, books and hundreds of scripts hidden by the people in other countries except Ji Qin.

Burning books is a great destruction of ancient cultural classics. The following year, because Lu Sheng and Hou Sheng cheated the first emperor into getting the elixir of life, the first emperor was furious after the incident was exposed, thinking that Confucian scholars were confused by myths, so more than 460 Confucian scholars were buried alive in Xianyang.

Burning books and burying Confucianism exposed the tyranny of the Qin government. At that time, the growing social contradictions and the alienation of morality within the ruling class accelerated the demise of the Qin Dynasty. Historical Records 12 1 The Scholars: "By the end of Qin Dynasty, six arts were missing."

Voice narration, warlock, that is, storyteller; Storytellers are Confucian scholars (according to Records of the Historian Qin Shihuang's Biography, people killed by Qin Shihuang "all recite Confucius").

burning books and burying Confucian scholars alive

Give a best introduction: Burning books and burying Confucianism took place in the Qin Dynasty in China.

In the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang (2 13 BC), Dr. Qi Chun Yu Yue opposed the "county system" implemented at that time and demanded that children be enfeoffed according to the ancient system. Li Si, the prime minister, refuted it, arguing that people should not learn from private studies and slander state affairs.

Qin Shihuang adopted Reese's suggestion, ordered the burning of historical records of other countries except Ji Qin, and also handed over and burned poems and books that did not belong to the doctor's museum within a time limit; Some people dare to talk about "poetry" and "book" executions and use the past to exterminate the nation; Private schools are forbidden, and those who want to study law should take officials as teachers. This is "burning books".

In the second year, Hou Sheng and Lu Sheng, two magicians (alchemists), secretly slandered Qin Shihuang and fled. When Qin Shihuang learned about this, he was furious and sent an empire to investigate. After the trial, more than 460 people violated the ban, and all of them were killed in the "book burning pit" and "pit Confucianism" sites.

This is "cheating Confucianism". The two things add up to "burning books and burying Confucianism."

The reason is 1. It is the need of establishing an autocratic political system in Qin Dynasty. 2. Some Confucian scholars and tourists quote Confucian classics and criticize current politics with the words of ancient sages. Generally speaking, there are three views: the first one thinks that there is no such thing as burning books to bury Confucianism in history, which is purely invented by later generations.

The "ancient skeptics" who rose during the Republic of China held this view. The cultural relics unearthed in recent decades strongly support the authenticity of Sima Qian's Historical Records, thus proving that the theory of doubting the ancient times is not established. The second is that some people are really cheated, but they are just alchemists or magicians. People who hold this view don't understand the character of warlocks and confuse them with alchemists because they don't have Confucian classics.

There are many common pseudo-words in the ancient book The Book of Rites. Yukime said, "A moth puts out a fire, we can learn from it", and the description of the technique is an example.

Warlocks are storytellers, and ancient scholars followed the creed of Confucius, "Believe in the ancient times, but never say enough", and learned to speak (academically) without their own creation (creation). This is also the origin and original meaning of the word "academic"; The third is that Qin Shihuang really buried many representatives of Qin academic circles and schools of thought contending.

3. In the argument about the county system, Prime Minister Li Si rebuked the Confucian thought of feudal system according to the ancient system. Although this influence and evaluation maintained the rule of the Qin Dynasty, it also accelerated the demise of its regime. Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, aiming at maintaining unified centralized politics and further rejecting different political ideas and opinions, but it did not achieve the expected results.

This is different from other measures taken by Qin Shihuang, which was unexpected by Qin Shihuang and Prime Minister Li Si. Although people's thoughts were restrained in order to strengthen ideological control at that time, it was successful in a short time; But it was not conducive to the long-term stability of the country and the development of society, and it stifled people's thoughts at that time, which was cruel and cruel.

What do you mean by burning books and burying Confucianism?

Mainly refers to a historical event. I found some information, you can have a look. Burning books and burying Confucianism pronunciation fén shkēng rú Interpretation burn: burn; Pit: burying people alive; Confucianism: refers to a scholar.

Burn books and bury Confucianism. The source is Han Kong Anguo's Preface to Shangshu: "The first generation of classics was destroyed by Qin Shihuang, and all the scholars in the world fled."

For example, how many times did the Qing Dynasty enter the Central Plains, killing people with national ideas and burying Confucian scholars? By 2 13 BC (the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang), Dr. Chun Yuyue put forward the idea of restoring the enfeoffment system. Prime Minister Reese refuted it.

He pointed out that different times should have different governance methods. Confucian scholars "never forget the past and learn from the future", if not prohibited, may undermine unity.

Therefore, he suggested: 1 In addition to Ji Qin, medical skills, divination, agricultural books, poems, books, and hundreds of languages collected by Chinese medicine, all ancient history books such as Confucian classics and philosophers collected privately should be handed over to the government for destruction within a time limit. Those who fail to do it within the time limit will be punished, and the punishment will be Cheng Dan (that is, in the morning, in the morning). Second, those who talk about "poetry" and "books" will be put to death, and those who are not today will be extinct; Third, private schools are strictly prohibited, and "taking officials as teachers". Qin Shihuang supported Li Si's suggestion.

This is the "book burning" incident in history. In 2 12 BC, some alchemists and Confucian scholars discussed slandering Qin Shihuang.

So Qin Shihuang ordered an investigation and arrested 460 people, all of whom were trapped in Xianyang. This is the "cheating Confucianism" incident in history.

After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he took two important measures to control ideology and culture. During the Warring States Period, due to the drastic changes in social relations, the academic circles showed a new atmosphere of hundred schools of thought contending.

In its last few years, the country split into unity; Correspondingly, there has also been a trend of eclecticism and integration of various theories in ideology and culture. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he used the power of feudal countries to implement the policy of ideological and cultural control.

Burning books and burying Confucianism happened under such a historical background. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he changed the originally divided vassal states into counties.

Dr. Chun Yuyue opposed the county system and said, "If you don't follow the previous system and customs, it won't last long." This statement caused controversy among the people.

Li Si, the prime minister, objected to this statement, arguing that the laws and regulations should depend on the specific circumstances, and the ancient system could not be applied to today. At the same time, he also pointed out that the above remarks disturb the people's hearts and are not conducive to the implementation of government decrees, and should be strictly prohibited.

Therefore, he suggested that all poems, books, hundreds of languages and history books should be burned except the official collection and the history books of Qin state, and some people dare to say it. Books on medicine, divination and agriculture are not burned; Private schools are prohibited. Qin Shihuang accepted Reese's suggestion and ordered books to be burned.

After the establishment of the centralized feudal administrative system of absolutism in the Qin Dynasty, some Confucian scholars and refugees quoted poems, books and hundred sayings in view of current politics, taking the past as the past, saying that "it is wrong to advance, but it is wrong to discuss when you leave." In thirty-four years, Dr. Chun Yuyue suggested that children's heroes should be supported, on the grounds that "those who can live for a long time without learning from the past will not hear their voices."

Li Si, the prime minister, put forward the suggestion of "burning books" to put an end to the phenomenon that "all students learn from the past instead of the present, confusing the first place with the present", which was recognized by Qin Shihuang. The books burned at that time included two parts: one was the historical records of various countries before reunification, and the other was poems, books and hundreds of languages hidden by the people; As for the history books of Qin, books collected by doctors and folk books on medicine, divination and tree planting, they are not included.

All banned books must be handed over to the local government for burning within 30 days. For this reason, a series of laws and regulations have also been formulated, such as abandoning the market for those who even talk about "poetry" and "books", taking those who are past and present as their homes, and making those who see but don't mention it the same crime, and making them the market for the next 30 days.

Burning books is a great destruction of ancient cultural classics. Due to the burning of the historical records of the six countries, the chronology of the Warring States period has not been fully clarified so far.

The book burning happened the year after the book burning. In nature, burning books to bury Confucianism is a continuation of burning books, but the causes are different. In his later years, Qin Shihuang sought immortality and hoped that alchemists would look for elixirs.

Therefore, the alchemist Hou Sheng and Lu Sheng are very favored. There are two alchemists, Lu and Hou Sheng, who are trusted by Qin Shihuang on weekdays.

It was these two men who talked about Qin Shihuang behind his back and accused him of being cruel and easy to kill. One night, the two men abandoned their posts and ran away.

Hearing this, Qin Shihuang was furious, thinking that most Confucian scholars were confusing leaders with evil words, so he ordered a proposal and asked all students. After Qin Shihuang knew these things, he flew into a rage in different ways: "I was so kind to these alchemists, but they talked about me behind my back and betrayed me."

Alchemists are always like this. There are hundreds of scholars in Xianyang now, and they must often spread lies to mislead people. Be sure to check it thoroughly this time. "

Later, he asked Shi Yu to arrest Xianyang scholars and interrogate them. At first, all these scholars shouted injustice, but they were beaten one by one and they all confessed.

Qin Shihuang ordered the killing of all these scholars. Fu Su, the son, pleaded for them, but was scolded by Qin Shihuang.

Seeing Qin Shihuang's great anger, the officials in charge of beheading drove all these scholars into a deep valley and buried them alive with stones, totaling more than 460 people. After this incident, even Fu Su, the eldest son of the first emperor, felt too cruel.

He told Qin Shihuang that at the beginning of the world, people were miserable. I'm afraid it will cause a commotion. Hearing this, Qin Shihuang demoted Fu Su to Shang Jun to supervise Meng Tianjun.

After Chen Sheng and the uprising, the Confucian scholars generally resisted, and Confucius, a descendant of Confucius, immediately took part in the peasant uprising with sacrificial vessels, which illustrated this point.

After Qin Shihuang killed more than 460 scholars in Xianyang pit, he thought of killing all the scholars in the world and uprooting them, leaving no legacy, but he was afraid that the scholars would escape, so Qin Shihuang thought of a plan. He ordered local officials to visit famous scholars all over the country and send them to work in Beijing.

However, in a few months, more than 700 scholars who wanted to be officials were sent from all over the country. Qin Shihuang ordered more than 700 people to be Langguan, which made these scholars dance with joy.

This winter, it was reported that Ma Gu in Lishan was fruitful. Everyone thought it was very strange, so Qin Shihuang asked more than 700 scholars to visit Magu.

When these 700 scholars visited Magu, they found some melons and fruits, which were very fresh.

Why did Qin Shihuang burn books to bury Confucianism?

Burning books and burying Confucianism occurred in the Qin Dynasty in ancient China.

In the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang (2 13 BC), Dr. Chun opposed the "county system" implemented at that time and demanded that children be enfeoffed according to the ancient system. Premier Li Si refuted this and advocated burning the historical records of other countries except Ji Qin. For those who are not noncommissioned officers, hundreds of "poems", "books" and ancient books at home are all burned by guards and commanders; Private talk about abandoning "poetry" and "book" to destroy the nation with the old; Private schools are forbidden, and those who want to learn the law should take officials as teachers; If the banned books are not burned 30 days after the promulgation of the law, "it is a city"; If you don't burn the book of planting trees, you can stay.

Qin Shihuang adopted Lisi's suggestion, that is, "burning books". In the second year, two magicians (alchemists) failed in alchemy and fled privately, slandering Qin Shihuang before fleeing.

Qin Shihuang was furious and sent someone to investigate. More than 460 warlocks were implicated, and all of them were buried alive outside Xianyang, which was called "Pit Confucianism".

Later generations called these two incidents "burning books to bury Confucianism". Burning books to bury Confucianism-the background of burning books The feud between princes during the Warring States period caused great economic destruction, but the ideology and culture were unprecedentedly active, and various schools and academic groups swept the world.

As far as schools are concerned, there are so-called "nine schools and ten schools" such as Confucianism, France, Taoism, Mohism, famous artists, Yin and Yang schools, strategists, farmhouses and miscellaneous schools. Ideologically, all factions expressed their opinions and questioned each other, which formed the only situation in China history in which a hundred schools of thought contended, greatly promoted the prosperity of academic thought and ushered in the golden age of academic development in ancient China.

With the unification of feudal countries, the centralization of absolutism became the form of political rule in society at that time, and whether the new country should adopt a new political system became a new topic of debate at that time. Zhou implemented the enfeoffment system, and the country lasted for 800 years. Therefore, the school represented by Confucianism advocates imitating Zhou and enfeoffling princes, so that it can last forever.

On the other hand, the school represented by the Legalists believes that although Zhou is a long country, it has been in a state of division and melee for a long time, which shows that it is no longer suitable for the development of the times. However, since the implementation of the county system in Qin Dynasty, the country has prospered and unified the whole country, so the enfeoffment system should not be implemented, and the county system should continue to be adopted.

These arguments finally reached the court, which led to the "book burning" incident. After Qin Shihuang unified the world, he began to pursue immortality, which also gave some opportunistic magicians an opportunity.

In the twenty-eighth year of the first emperor, Xu wrote that there were three sacred mountains in the sea, named Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou, where immortals lived. I hope I can fast and bathe, and lead boys and girls to seek immortality.

So Qin Shihuang ordered Xu Shiling to take thousands of children, men and women, to seek immortality in the sea. In the thirty-second year of the first emperor, Lu Sheng, a Yan man, was sent to look for the ancient immortals.

Later, he ordered Han Zhong, harem and Shi Sheng to look for the elixir of life. None of them succeeded.

Thirty-five years after Qin Shihuang, many magicians still haven't found the elixir of life. At this time, Lu Sheng said to Qin Shihuang, the reason why we can't find the elixir is because the emperor's residence is known to courtiers, which hinders the immortals.

Now that the emperor has ruled the world, he has not been able to calm down. I hope that the palace where the emperor lives will not be known to others, so that the medicine for immortality may be available. "

Qin Shihuang believed it, not only did as Lu Sheng said, but also called himself a "real person" instead of "me". It can be seen that Qin Shihuang's desire for elixir of life is strong.

But the warlock's words are lies and will be exposed one day. Hou Sheng and Lu Sheng were afraid of being punished and decided to flee Xianyang.

Before they fled, they couldn't find an excuse to ask for medicine: "The first emperor was a human being, and his nature was just violence for his own use. He became a vassal and the world, and he did whatever he wanted, thinking that he had never had himself since ancient times. Full-time warders, warders are lucky.

Although there are seventy doctors, specialized personnel are used. The prime minister and ministers are the subjects of success and depend on their work.

In music, punishment is the way to kill, and the world is afraid of sin and keeps its promise. Dare not be loyal ... everything in the world, big or small, depends on the world ... it is so greedy for power that it can't seek the elixir. So he died. "

The first emperor heard that the two men fled privately, slandered the emperor, and was furious. He accused the alchemist that "Han Zhong and others didn't report it, and Xu Shi and others spent tens of thousands of dollars, but in the end they couldn't get medicine, just thinking about telling the Japanese about it." Lu Sheng and others have been very kind to me, but now they slander me, which is not good for Jyuugo.

Born in Xianyang, I let people ask questions, or make rumors. ""So I made a suggestion and asked the students about the case, and the students turned to the other side to quote, thus excluding more than 460 people who violated the ban, all in Xianyang. "

And tell the world to punish it. This is the so-called "pit Confucianism" incident in history.

(Historical Records of Qin Shihuang).