Weihe River originates from Bird and Mouse Mountain in Weiyuan County, Dingxi City, Gansu Province, and spans the eastern part of Gansu Province and the central part of Shaanxi Province. It mainly flows through Tianshui in Gansu Province, Baoji, Xianyang, Xi and Weinan in Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province, and flows into the Yellow River in Tongguan County of Weinan City. The total length of the main stream is 8 18km, and the total drainage area is 134766km2.

The main tributaries of Gansu Province are Chyi Chin River, Daxian River, Sandu River, Yilong River, Bangshahe River, Sandu River, Hulu River, Hejie River and Niutou River. Shaanxi has Qingjiang River, Qingshui River, Fayu River, Shitou River, Xitangyu River, Heihe River, Laoyu River, Xinhe River, Fenghe River, Zaohe River, Bahe River, Zero River, Bahe River, Chishui River and Heluo River in Yuxian County.

Weihe river basin is connected to east-west Qinling mountains in the south and Liupanshan barrier in the north. Weihe river basin can be divided into loess hilly and gully region in the west and Guanzhong plain region in the east.

Weihe river basin has a long history of water conservancy. There are Longshou Canal and Zhengbai Canal in Shaanxi, and the larger ancient water conservancy projects include Guo Cheng Canal and Caoqu Canal. By the time of liberation, the main irrigation projects in Guanzhong area included Weihui Canal, Hui Mei Canal, Heihui Canal, Fenghui Canal and Laohui Canal, in addition to Luohui Canal and Jinghui Canal.