The picture above shows Kaifeng Long Ting (reconstruction of the old palace site)
In the end, archaeologists always found six buried underground cities under Kaifeng City, namely Daliang City, the capital of Wei in the Warring States Period, Bianzhou City in the Tang Dynasty, Bianjing City, the capital of the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty, Bianjing City in the Jin Dynasty, Kaifeng City in the Ming Dynasty and Kaifeng City in the Qing Dynasty.
These ancient cities should have been buried because of the flood of the Yellow River. Because each burial is not deep, the repeated reconstruction of Kaifeng City is carried out on the ruins of the old city, which ensures that although Kaifeng City has been rebuilt many times, the central axis has never changed.
Kaifeng is known as the ancient capital of eight dynasties. The dynasties with its capital here are Xia Dynasty, Wei State in the Warring States Period, Hou Liang, Houjin, Houhan, Houzhou, Northern Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty (vice capital) in the Five Dynasties.
Xia dynasty once built its capital here, because there are rivers and plains, which are more suitable for the development of farming. Many sites of ancient human activities have been found in Kaifeng area, not far from the famous Peiligang cultural site, about 7500 years ago.
During the Warring States Period, the capital of Wei was originally in Anyi (Xia County, Shanxi Province), which was once the capital of Xia Dynasty. Later, in order to compete for the Central Plains, Wei moved its capital to the main beam. Because Qi and Chu are bigger than Qin and Zhao, but not strong.
Kaifeng was later regarded as the capital, mainly concentrated in a continuous period of the Five Dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty and the Later Jin Dynasty. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period is another darkest period in northern China besides the "five wild flowers" in the history of China. At this time, the emperor dare not claim to be rich, and it will cost a lot of money to move the capital. Save it. Five Dynasties, this is an era when the emperor was poor.
The picture above shows the night view of Longting in Kaifeng.
The Five Dynasties began in Hou Liang after the demise of the Tang Dynasty, and the founding emperor of Hou Liang was Zhu Wen. Zhu Wen was appointed by the Tang court as Bianzhou secretariat and Xuanwu Army, so Kaifeng was Zhu Wen's hometown. Huang Chao Uprising Army destroyed Chang 'an in Tang Dou, and Zhu Wen demolished Chang 'an's buildings and burned Chang 'an. Chang 'an is no longer the capital.
Luoyang, the deputy capital of the Tang Dynasty, was located by Zhu Wen, the last two emperors of the Tang Dynasty, so Zhu Wen chose Kaifeng as the capital. Among the Five Dynasties, only the late Tang Dynasty claimed to inherit the orthodoxy of the Tang Dynasty and chose Luoyang, the capital of the last emperor of the Tang Dynasty, as the capital. However, the late Jin Dynasty destroyed the late Tang Dynasty by uniting with the Khitan, and Yanyun fell into the hands of the Khitan for 16 weeks. The late Jin monarch should have a shadow on the Tang Dynasty and the late Tang Dynasty, so he ran back to Kaifeng as his capital. Later, the Later Han Dynasty, the Later Zhou Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty all followed the old capital and settled in Kaifeng directly. However, in order to rule the Central Plains, the State of Jin only regards Kaifeng as one of several major capitals.
Since Liao and Jin Dynasties, I have spent most of my time in Beijing since Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, which is the potential influence of the old capital.