This sentence is taken from Volume 26 of the Complete Works of Marx and Engels (People's Publishing House, 20 14, p. 769).
20 14 people's publishing house published the Chinese translation of the complete works of Marx and Engels compiled by the Central Compilation Bureau. All the translations in this volume are based on the historical textual research version of the Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 26 (1985) and Volume 27 (1988), and refer to the German version of the Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 20. This volume contains Engels' anti-Turin theory and related documents written by 1876 to 1878, and Dialectics of Nature written by 1873 to 1882. Among them, Dialectics of Nature is an important work of Engels on dialectics in nature and natural science. However, although it is an unfinished work, it has epoch-making ideological value. At present, the manuscripts of this book include: draft writing plan, papers, various notes and fragments, and four bundles of manuscripts.
This dialectics of nature is of epoch-making significance because Engels' Dialectics of Nature is not about dialectics of nature, but through the reflection on the theoretical thinking of "natural science", it confirms the scientific thinking mode of dialectics and saves dialectics from the mysterious form of Hegel's idealism. In this sense, the difference between natural dialectics and historical (social) dialectics is only the difference of entrance, not two dialectics. The thought and value of this book lie in: not only in the sense of discipline history and academic development history, it opens up a new field of Marxist philosophy and lays the theoretical foundation of dialectics of nature; Moreover, in the sense of the history of thought, it embodies Engels' creative exposition on the types, characteristics and functions of practice, and is actually a further improvement and supplement to Marx's practical thought. More importantly, Engels' dialectical view of nature and Marx's historical materialism have become the two basic theoretical pillars of Marxist philosophy. It has profound consistency with Marx's practical thought, and together effectively exposes the shortsightedness of the capitalist system and its capital logic, which is the theoretical charm of Engels' Dialectics of Nature.
Under the great practical background of China's development in the new era, doing a good job in epidemic prevention and control is a great test of the Party's centralized and unified leadership, political governance system and governance capacity, economic governance system and governance capacity, cultural governance system and governance capacity, and social governance system and governance capacity. In other words, only by enduring this series of actual combat tests,
"There is no great historical disaster that is not compensated by historical progress."
This sentence is taken from the Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 10 (People's Publishing House, 2009).
Engels objectively analyzed the backwardness and decline of Russian village community system relative to large industry in his letter of June+10 in 5438. At the same time, according to the latest situation and changes of Russian economic and social development described by Danielson, Engels clearly saw that the contradictions of capitalism itself were constantly highlighted and capitalist production was preparing for its own demise. In this situation, Russia is bound to face two different road choices: seeking development in the form of capitalism, but experiencing the suffering brought by capitalism, or taking rural communes as a new foundation for economic development. Engels did not rule out the possibility and conditions for Russia to take a non-western and non-capitalist road. At this point, Engels, like Marx, gave a very cautious answer to the question of whether Russian rural communes can become the basis of new economic development. However, many preconditions for realizing this possibility are indispensable. Among them, Engels gave rational hints and guidance to the development and destiny of the Russian nation in a broad historical sense, which is: "We can only hope that the transition to a better system will take place here as soon as possible, so as to save the system with the mission of realizing a great future in 3354, at least in some remote areas of your country. But the fact is the fact after all, and we should not forget that this opportunity is decreasing year by year. " (The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, vol. 10, p. 650) This is because "history can be said to be the most cruel of all goddesses. Not only in the war, but also in the process of "peaceful" economic development, she also drove the car of the Arc de Triomphe on the dead mountains and plains. Unfortunately, we humans are so stupid that we can't muster up the courage to make real progress unless we are forced by almost unbearable pain. " (The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 10, Page 650-65 1) It is Engels' thought in the previous letter that led to the famous conclusion at the end of the latter letter: "There is no historical catastrophe that cannot be compensated by historical progress." It can be seen that the scientific and rigorous nature of Engels' theoretical thinking and major judgments stems from his overall grasp of the historical process, which really injected logical limitations with distinctive national characteristics into the dialectical relationship between disaster and progress in the historical process. The core is to grasp the decisive role of historical conditions and historical practice.
Undoubtedly, the epidemic in COVID-19 has not only disrupted the normal life rhythm of the people all over the country, but also cast a shadow over people's longing for a beautiful spring, and even claimed thousands of precious lives. Moreover, there are many shortcomings in emergency management, urban public environmental management, public health and other fields, which have brought certain impact and influence to China's economic operation. Judging from the lessons of this epidemic, the main reason is that people have no sense of risk and hardship, and are not prepared for sudden disasters. Once the "black swan" and "grey rhinoceros" suddenly arrive, they will be in a hurry and respond improperly; Insufficient attention is paid to biosafety, and the national biosafety laws and regulations system and institutional guarantee system are not perfect; The national crisis management, disease control and governance system and governance capacity are not perfect, and there are obvious shortcomings and weaknesses. At present, only under the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee can we take effective measures to solve these problems, promote the rapid development of our country in all aspects, promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and realize our new historical progress. The epidemic has brought great challenges to the Chinese nation, at the same time, it has sublimated our great national spirit in trauma and battle, greatly stimulated people's subjective initiative and promoted the country.
The people made unremitting efforts to strive for self-improvement, created conditions, turned harm into benefit, and realized the transformation from "historical progress" to "governing the country and rejuvenating the country". Facing the all-factor campaign of epidemic prevention and control, it is a great historical progress to win the people's war, the general war and the blocking war in an all-round way, which is of great strategic significance to effectively protect the health and well-being of the people of China and the people of the world. This is not only reflected in efficient national mobilization, professional technical rescue, comprehensive organizational support and social psychological support, but also in the improvement of the national governance system and governance capacity.
Any major historical progress is not a natural process, but depends on correctly judging the transformation relationship between "danger" and "opportunity" in the contradictory relationship between disaster and progress, especially on a series of positive ways to effectively practice progress. Inspire China to advance with historic victory, and promote the higher-quality development of various undertakings of the party and the country. The development process of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era will surely open up a new realm of colorful weather.
"Once there is a technical demand in society, this demand will push science forward to more than ten universities."
This sentence is taken from Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 4 (People's Publishing House, 20 12, p. 648).
Related question and answer: What is Engels coefficient? Without Engel's coefficient, it is Engel's coefficient, which is the proportion of total food expenditure to total personal consumption expenditure. German statistician Engel summed up the law of consumption structure change: the smaller the Engel coefficient of a family or country, the richer the economy of this family or country; On the contrary, the greater the Engel coefficient, the poorer the family or country's economy.
In the first half of 20021,the Engel coefficient of national residents was 30.8%, down 1. 1 percentage point year-on-year. Engel's coefficient is regarded as a yardstick to measure people's living standards. The Engel's coefficient of China residents is close to the United Nations standard of 20%-30% wealth. Residents living near the affluent level have an urgent need for the high-quality development of "happiness industry".
Calculation method of Engel coefficient;
Percentage change of food expenditure: percentage change of total expenditure: x 100% = proportion of food expenditure to total expenditure.
Engel's law mainly expresses a certain trend that the proportion of food expenditure to total consumption expenditure changes with the change of income. This paper reveals the correlation between residents' income and food expenditure, and illustrates the influence of economic development and income increase on living consumption with the proportion of food expenditure in total consumption expenditure.