Beijing Hutong has experienced hundreds of years of wind and rain in Cang Sang. It is a symbol of the life of old Beijingers and a reflection of Beijing's ancient culture. Nowadays, the state attaches great importance to the cultural development of Beijing Hutong. In some well-protected hutongs, beijing tourism administration has opened up special sightseeing routes. Visitors can take an old tricycle to visit hutong and visit the homes of ordinary people living in hutong. In this way, Beijing's hutong culture spread to the whole world. The names of hutongs in Beijing are all-encompassing, including natural landscapes, daily necessities and people's surnames. Some names reflect the obvious characteristics of hutongs, such as "Kuanjie", "Badaowan" and "Yijiao Street". Some names express people's beautiful original hopes, such as Anfu Hutong, Shou Chang Hutong and Yongxiang Hutong. The name of Hutong reflects the close relationship between Hutong and people's daily life. Hutongs in Beijing are not only the vein of the city and the main road of traffic, but also the place where ordinary people live in Beijing and an important stage for the development and evolution of Beijing's history and culture. It records the historical changes and the characteristics of the times, and contains a strong cultural atmosphere. In the face of complicated land interests, "homeland complex" is often mistaken for an melodramatic groan; But even as the balance of social operation, it needs a scientific and comprehensive concept to avoid the whole city falling into the quagmire of utility, and it needs a kind of knowledge to maintain the memory and inheritance of the city. The land change in Beijing has attracted special attention, not only because it is an ancient cultural capital, but also because it is a capital city and provides a model. Hutong is an ancient urban hutong unique to Beijing. In Beijing, there are thousands of hutongs around the Forbidden City, most of which were formed in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in China's history. Most of the hutongs in Beijing were formed in the Yuan Dynasty in13rd century, and have experienced hundreds of years of evolution and development. The direction of Beijing Hutong is mostly due east and west, and the width is generally only nine meters. Almost all the buildings in Hutong are quadrangles. Siheyuan is a kind of building surrounded by four houses in the form of square symmetry. Large and small quadrangles are arranged next to each other, and the middle passage is hutong. Although hutongs are similar in appearance, they have different characteristics. In the west of Beijing, there is an alley called Jiudaowan, because an alley takes nine turns. If a celebrity once lived in some hutongs, then this hutong will be named after this person, such as Shilaoniang Hutong and Wangcobbler Hutong. Other hutongs are named after shapes, such as Yangwei Hutong and Erduoyan Hutong, which sounds so vivid. There are countless hutongs in Beijing. Isn't there a saying like this: "The famous hutongs are 3.6 thousand, and the nameless hutongs are a dime a dozen?" Many hutongs have a history of hundreds of years. Hutong is not only the pulse of the city, but also the place where ordinary people in Beijing live. Beijingers have a special affection for Hutong, which is not only a passage for people to go in and out of their homes, but also a folk museum, which has left many marks of social life. Hutong is generally close to the urban area, so it is convenient to buy a catty of soy sauce eggs. There is no noisy traffic in the alley, but there is a friendly and harmonious neighborhood. Hutong, a unique ancient city lane in Beijing, has become the carrier of Beijing culture. Old Beijing lives in the corner of this hutong, in the brick and tile of this quadrangle, and in the neighborhood among the residents. Only by being there can we have the deepest understanding. In the past, Beijing's hutongs were all over the capital, and old Beijingers said, "There are 360 famous hutongs, and there are a dime a dozen unknown hutongs. There used to be more than 6000 hutongs in Beijing. If these hutongs are connected, they will be as long as the Great Wall of Wan Li. Among many hutongs, the oldest is Sanmiao Street Hutong, whose history can be traced back to Liao Dynasty more than 900 years ago. It was called "Tanzhou Street" at that time. After hundreds of years of changes in Beijing, Sanmiao Street Hutong has always maintained its posture 900 years ago, quietly waiting in a corner of Beijing, watching Beijingers multiply from generation to generation and watching Beijing gradually evolve. This centenarian is new. Hutongs in Beijing are different in width, wide and bright, narrow and deep. The narrowest alley is Qianshi Hutong in Dashilan area outside Qianmen. The narrowest place is only 40 cm, which can only accommodate a "slim" person. The hutongs in Beijing are mostly straight, but there are also twists and turns. There is a Jiudaowan Hutong near Beijing Xinqiao, with more than 20 bends. If you come here to visit relatives and friends, you will suddenly turn left, right, turn around and faint until you find the door! But then again, if you can stand the test in this hutong, you will never get lost in the hutong in Beijing. How many hutongs are there in Beijing? According to documents, there were thousands of them in Ming Dynasty, including more than 900 in inner cities and more than 300 in outer cities. There were more than 800 articles in 1.800 in Qing dynasty and more than 900 articles in 1.900 in Republic of China. At the beginning of the founding of New China, there were more than 2,550 statistics. Later, some old names were merged and some were renamed; Since the reform and opening up, with the development of economy and urban construction, some buildings have been demolished and rebuilt. So far, there are more than 4,000 street names in Beijing. Hutong is the product of the Yuan Dynasty. Mongolians call the streets and alleys of the Yuan Dynasty Hutong ―― it is said that this Mongolian word means well. Could it be that at that time, every hutong dug a well (as a miniature reservoir) for the living soldiers and civilians to drink? If you think about it, you will understand the importance that nomadic people from deserts and grasslands attach to water sources. At that time, the well was a social place where the residents of the deep house compound looked up and looked down, talked with their neighbors and asked for help, which could just make up for the shortcomings brought by the closure of the quadrangle-not only protecting the private space of each family, but also providing opportunities for communication between neighbors. The perfect combination of hutong and quadrangle. It embodies the wisdom of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty in urban construction and management. Hutongs are littered with quadrangles, which seems to be the result of military management. With the division and dredging of hutongs, Beijing has become a big military camp for nomadic people to camp. No wonder Wang Zengqi wants to admire: "Beijing is like a big tofu, square, square." "There are streets and hutongs in the city. Streets and hutongs are due south, north, east and west. Beijingers have a strong sense of orientation. " I'm afraid this strong sense of orientation is also inherited by Mongols. When they are nomadic on the endless prairie, they usually have to distinguish their directions according to sunrise and sunset to avoid getting lost. People in Beijing are very particular about walking. Because the streets and alleys in old Beijing are mostly horizontal and vertical, Beijingers are not skilled in walking. No matter what they choose, they work hard and the comparison is still the same length. Even so, Beijingers still have a choice in walking. Walking in the street, clean is clean, but chaos makes you fidget. Wearing hutong, shoes are easy to get dirty, but they look safer. People or things you don't want to talk about will "hide in the past" if you walk more. Different from hutong streets in other cities, the place names in old Beijing are always named after cities ―― such as "Nanjing Road" and "Guangzhou Road". There are 1 1 Biandan Hutong and 10 Jinger Hutong in Beijing. Because people have seven things to do when they open the door, there are Chaibang Hutong, Mishi Hutong, Youfang Hutong, Yandian Hutong, Jiangfang Hutong, Vinegar Hutong and Tears Hutong in Beijing. Because people often come into contact with gold, silver, copper, iron and tin in their lives, there are similar hutongs, Yin Si Hutong, Tongtiechang Hutong, Tiemen Hutong and Syrah Hutong. Walking in a hutong country with such a name makes people feel safe. Entering modern Beijing, people are often not interested in rows of high-rise buildings and wide roads extending in all directions, but in winding alleys and warm and beautiful quadrangles. Therefore, it is no exaggeration for some people to call the ancient capital culture "Hutong Culture" and "Siheyuan Culture". In the past, Beijing was composed of millions of quadrangles, large and small, back to back, face to face, side by side and orderly. In order to get in and out conveniently, there should be a passage between each row of courtyards, that is, hutong. The hutongs in Beijing in the Yuan Dynasty were widely spaced, and most of them were basically three yards away from the big quadrangle in the Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, when future generations build courtyards in the middle open space, they must rely on small alleys as access roads, thus producing a large number of unnamed small alleys in many famous big hutongs. So there is a saying: "The famous hutong is 3.6 thousand, and the unnamed hutong is the best." By the end of 1949, there were 6,074 famous streets and lanes in Beijing, including hutong 1330, 274 streets, alley1lane, 85 roads, hutong 7 1 lane and 37 roads. Traditionally, people classified streets and alleys as hutongs. In Beijing, hutongs, large and small, crisscross and weave into a colorful capital. Hutong is deep. There are countless warm homes in the depths of hutong, which is the fundamental reason why Beijingers have special feelings for hutong. The narrowest hutong in Beijing is Qianshi Hutong in Dashilan area outside Qianmen, and the narrowest place in the middle of the hutong is only 40 cm. There are also some winding and soul-stirring deep hutongs. For example, the original Beixinqiao Bridge had nine bends, then there were more than twenty bends, and then it was divided into five hutongs; There are also nine bends outside the front door, but there are actually 13 bends. The streets and alleys in Beijing are like an encyclopedia, which not only reflects the historical evolution, but also shows the social customs. In recent years, they have been developed into a rare tourism resource. At present, the old and dilapidated buildings in Beijing are being replaced by modern buildings, and the old hutongs will lose their foundation. However, in order to maintain the style of Beijing's ancient capital, many famous hutongs have been preserved as cultural relics, retaining a trace of ancient color for our emerging capital. Now, the development of hutong culture in Beijing has developed a new tourism project-Sichuan Hutong. Foreign friends from all directions take the human tricycles, an ancient means of transportation in Beijing, through the Shuxiang Temple on the west coast, cross the Yinding Bridge to the Drum Tower, board the building overlooking the old city of Beijing and the hutongs extending in all directions, then go to Houhai area, visit the old official residence hutongs in the north and south of Beijing, the Golden Lion Hutong in the big and small, and the hutongs in the front and back wells, enter the ordinary quadrangles, chat with Beijingers, learn about the lives of ordinary Beijingers, and finally walk along Liu Yin Street to the grandfather who is known as the "Grand View Garden in the Red Chamber". Foreign friends lingered in Beijing's hutongs and repeatedly praised: "Beijing's hutongs are so beautiful and charming!" As the carrier of Beijing's ancient culture, Beijing's hutongs have eternal charm. Entering modern Beijing, people are often not interested in rows of high-rise buildings and wide roads extending in all directions, but in winding alleys and warm and beautiful quadrangles. Therefore, it is no exaggeration for some people to call the ancient capital culture "Hutong Culture" and "Siheyuan Culture". In the past, Beijing was composed of millions of quadrangles, large and small, back to back, face to face, side by side and orderly. In order to get in and out conveniently, there should be a passage between each row of courtyards, that is, hutong. The hutongs in Beijing in the Yuan Dynasty were widely spaced, and most of them were basically three yards away from the big quadrangle in the Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, when future generations build courtyards in the middle open space, they must rely on small alleys as access roads, thus producing a large number of unnamed small alleys in many famous big hutongs. So there is a saying: "The famous hutong is 3.6 thousand, and the unnamed hutong is the best." By the end of 1949, there were 6,074 famous streets and lanes in Beijing, including hutong 1330, 274 streets, alley1lane, 85 roads, hutong 7 1 lane and 37 roads. Traditionally, people classified streets and alleys as hutongs. In Beijing, hutongs, large and small, crisscross and weave into a colorful capital. Hutong is deep. There are countless warm homes in the depths of hutong, which is the fundamental reason why Beijingers have special feelings for hutong. The narrowest hutong in Beijing is Qianshi Hutong in Dashilan area outside Qianmen, and the narrowest place in the middle of the hutong is only 40 cm. There are also some winding and soul-stirring deep hutongs. For example, the original Beixinqiao Bridge had nine bends, then there were more than twenty bends, and then it was divided into five hutongs; There are also nine bends outside the front door, but there are actually 13 bends. The streets and alleys in Beijing are like an encyclopedia, which not only reflects the historical evolution, but also shows the social customs. In recent years, they have been developed into a rare tourism resource. At present, the old and dilapidated buildings in Beijing are being replaced by modern buildings, and the old hutongs will lose their foundation. However, in order to maintain the style of Beijing's ancient capital, many famous hutongs have been preserved as cultural relics, retaining a trace of ancient color for our emerging capital. Now, the development of hutong culture in Beijing has developed a new tourism project-Sichuan Hutong. Foreign friends from all directions take human tricycles, an ancient means of transportation in Beijing, past the Shuxiang Temple on the west coast, cross the Yinding Bridge to the Drum Tower, board the building overlooking the old city of Beijing and the hutongs extending in all directions, then go to Houhai area, visit the old official residence hutongs in the north and south of Beijing, the Golden Lion Hutong in the big and small, and the hutongs in the front and back wells, enter the ordinary quadrangles, chat with Beijingers, and learn about the lives of ordinary Beijingers. Finally, they walk along Liu Yin Street to the grandfather who is known as the "Grand View Garden in the Red Chamber". Foreign friends lingered in Beijing's hutongs and repeatedly praised: "Beijing's hutongs are so beautiful and charming!" As the carrier of Beijing's ancient culture, Beijing's hutongs have eternal charm.