The Seven-Year War (1756- 1763) was a global conflict that spanned five continents. This is called "France-India War" in America. During the colonial period, for the so-called interests, Britain and France clashed constantly on the land in North America. 1756 Britain officially chose France. At that time, the confrontation pattern of the whole Europe was that frederick the great of Prussia fought against Austria, France, Russia and Sweden when France, Britain and Spain competed for colonies in the New World.
The war between France and India
1750 With its own strength growing, France claimed sovereignty over Canada and the Great Lakes, while Britain at that time stuck to its 13 colony on the east coast. With the deepening of colonization, the border areas around the upper reaches of the Ohio River quickly became the focus of contention between Britain, France and Native Americans.
Europeans are eager to settle in this fertile land, while the aborigines hope that their lives will not be disturbed by foreign invaders. At first, the British suffered a lot in this land. On the other hand, the French not only built Fort dukes, but also United with Native Americans and defeated the British many times. 1756, Britain began to change its strategy and provide strategic funds for the Prussian army to deal with France and its allies.
Britain's Victory in the French-Indian War
In July 1758, Britain's first victory in Louisburg revived the army's flagging spirit. They quickly seized Fort Francois from the French. In September 1758, General John Forbes occupied Fort Duquesne and rebuilt a British fort named Fort Pitt in memory of William Pitt.
1759 In September, the British army marched into Quebec from Pittsburgh, defeated the French army in the Battle of Quebec (also known as the Battle of Abraham Plain), and captured Montreal in September the following year. Under the rule of George III, the British not only launched a ground war in the United States, but also participated in a naval battle with France.
1759, the British navy won the battles of Lagos and Kibera Bay, and France had to give up its attempt to invade Britain. In addition to winning in Canada, Britain defeated French and Indian troops in Guadeloupe, Martinique, Havana, Manila and West Africa, and seized India's "local rule" from France on 176 1 16.
Treaty of Paris
On February 1763, the Treaty of Paris was formally signed, which also marked the official end of the French-Indian War. Britain got Canada, Louisiana and Florida, thus completely closing the door for other European countries to expand westward through North America. The Treaty of Paris also returned the local sovereignty to France and their colonies in the West Indies and Senegal to them.
Britain's victory in the "French-Indian War" won it a great international reputation and laid the foundation for its subsequent establishment of a powerful empire that never sets. The French will naturally not give in to this. In order to get back at Britain, they chose to stand with the United States against Britain in the War of Independence.
The Seven Years' War in Europe
The two sides were mainly Prussia's frederick the great and Russia. Silesia was taken from Austria and handed over to Prussia through the Axla Church or the Aachen Treaty, which prompted tsarist Russia to worry about Frederick's growing influence in the region. As the tension between superpowers intensified, the European alliance system changed, which was later called "diplomatic revolution". Tsarist Russia quickly allied itself with France and Austria and opposed Britain, Prussia and Saxony.
1756 In August, Frederick led an army to invade Saxony, marking the official start of the European War. Prussian troops quickly occupied Leipzig and Dresden, and then continued to attack Bohemia. 1After the siege of Prague failed in May 757, Frederick defeated the French-Austrian army in Rossby on1October 5.
Tsarist Russian and Austrian troops quickly organized a counterattack and occupied Berlin, the then Prussian capital, in June 1760. With the arrival of Prussian reinforcements, fierce fighting broke out between the two sides, and Tsarist Russia and Austria were defeated. Although Prussia finally won the war, it paid a huge price.
Treaty of Fort Hubertus
1February, 763 15, five days after the Paris treaty was signed, Austria, Prussia and Saxony signed the Hubertusburg Treaty (also known as the Hubertusburg Peace Treaty). The treaty appointed Austrian Archduke Joseph as the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and ceded Silesia and Graz to Prussia, which further strengthened the influence of frederick the great and Prussia in Europe.
War result
In the end, the Seven-Year War ended with the signing of two treaties. Among them, the Hubert Treaty awarded Silesia to Prussia, which strengthened frederick the great's power. The Treaty of Paris between France, Spain and Britain determined the colonial route in favor of Britain.