Voice-over: In fifty-four years, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used thirteen prime ministers, three committed suicide and three were killed. Therefore, everyone who was an official when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was in office knew that his companions were like tigers, and the harem was full of traps. Therefore, in the late reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, when Emperor Wu appointed a minister to be prime minister, the minister fell on the ground crying and kowtowing for mercy, unwilling to be prime minister, as if being prime minister was like going to the execution ground. However, Gong is an exception. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he served as deputy prime minister for two years, then as prime minister for four years, and finally died of old age in his eighties. So how did GongSunHong become prime minister? What kind of ability does he have to be a prime minister until he dies?

Gong was born in a poor family in his early years, that is to say, from humble origins. Gong is from Zichuan. In his early years, he was just a small jailer and a middle-level clerk in a prison. Later, he even lost this position because of crime. Gong, who lost his job, went to work as a pig, so what was Gong's official position at this time? It's called a swineherd, a pig farmer. However, the palace is not satisfied with its own fate. He was fired as a civil servant and had no interest in being a swineherd. So, I finally want to study and be an official. How old is Gong at this time? Forty. At the age of forty, Gong Sunhong began to study, reading Spring and Autumn Annals, and Gong Sunhong read Ram Spring and Autumn Annals, which was a famous school in the Western Han Dynasty. In this way, Gong Sunhong began to embark on the road of learning. Gong Sunhong also had one thing. Gong Sunhong was a very famous dutiful son in Zichuan at that time, and he was especially filial to his stepmother. The emperors of the Han Dynasty ruled the country with filial piety. All emperors in posthumous title finally have a filial piety, a filial piety, a filial piety and a filial piety, and they pay attention to governing the country by filial piety. Gong is a dutiful son, which brings him fame and prestige. So in the first year of Jianyuan, Gong had finished his first life, which means that he was 60 years old this year, and at this time, the god of fate took care of him. What activities are there this year? This year, just after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he sent a letter to the whole country, asking the whole country to recommend talents to the Central Committee. Of course, this recommendation has a name called Juxian Literature. This kind of benign literature is a title, referred to as benign literature. Its full name is virtuous literature, and daring to speak out is to select talents who dare to make suggestions for current affairs and state affairs, and to select some people who dare to make suggestions. According to what we are talking about now, it is to select talents nationwide through the combination of recommendation and public election. Gong was the eldest son at that time and also the eldest son in the local area, so he recommended 60-year-old Gong when he first chose Zichuan. Because there was no retirement system at the age of 60 in the Han Dynasty at that time, and there was no emphasis on academic qualifications, Gong was lucky to be selected after the election. Moreover, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty immediately appointed him as a doctor. This year, Gong was sixty years old.

Voice-over: At the age of 60, Gong finally got a chance to enter politics by virtue of his famous filial son and famous school background in the Western Han Dynasty. Can Gong seize this rare opportunity? Will his road to being an official be smooth sailing?

After Gong became a doctor at the age of 60, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent him to Xiongnu. As a result, he came back from Xiongnu and made a report to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. The content of this report is not recorded in history, so we don't know. But as soon as this report came up, Liang Wudi was furious. Emperor Wu was very unhappy. Why doesn't Liang Wudi like him? I think there is probably a little reason. Gong was sixty years old at this time. How old is Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty? Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was seventeen. Whether there is a generation gap, we don't know. Anyway, it was this report that made Emperor Wu very unhappy. Gong Sunhong has one major feature. Gong Sunhong is very accurate in judging people. He was unhappy when he saw the emperor. He couldn't wait for the emperor to fire him, so he fired the emperor and put on his badge to resign. The reason for his resignation is that he is old and in poor health. This is a good reason. A 60-year-old man is in poor health. The emperor trusted you and trusted you, so he went back. This is the first time that GongSunHong has been an official. Once he becomes an official, it will be very difficult. In the fifth year of Yuanguang, Gong's second chance came again. You can't seem to stop this man when he should get ahead. Gong's second chance came again. Is it the second time that Yuan Guang, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, publicly selected talents nationwide in five years, or is it a literature for seeking talents? From this aspect, we can see Liang Wudi's thirst for talents. At this time, Emperor Wudi had just succeeded to the throne for the sixth year, and he wanted to select talents. The local Zichuan County re-elected Gong Wei's eldest son for the same reason. Gong is a shrewd man. After being elected by the local government for the second time, he resolutely refused. He gave a grandiose reason that I didn't do well when I started to be an official, and the emperor didn't appreciate me. Actually, I guessed Gong He's psychology, and he was eager to go again. He just couldn't say it. In fact, he wanted to go very much and declined. Thanks to the support of the local government, he finally came for the second time. I wrote another article this time and handed it to the examiner. When the filial piety officer saw it, he put Gong's article at the end, ranking last, and was very dissatisfied. However, these articles were reported to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, who read them himself. After reading it, Gong rose from the last place to the first place. At that time, there was a name for the first place, and there was a proper noun called Ju Shou, which was a gesture of raising your hand to speak. The head of this head is called Ju Shou. Then, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty summoned Gong. According to historical records, the word Gong is "very beautiful", that is to say, Gong is very handsome, and how old is Gong at this time? Because Gong was elected in the first year of Jianyuan, he resigned and went back because he didn't handle it properly. This time, it has been five years since he came to apply for the second time. In the first ten years of Jianyuan, he was sixty for the first time and seventy for the second time. Of course, Gong can't be called a handsome boy at this time, and a 70-year-old can only be called a handsome boy if he wants to. But Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is a man who loves beauty very much. As we just said, he also likes beautiful men and beautiful women very much, even 70-year-old beautiful Gong. Therefore, beauty has always been a kind of wealth, as long as you are good at using it, it will bring you opportunities. In this way, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty chose Gong Sun Hong.

Voice-over: It is undoubtedly lucky that Gong stepped onto the political stage at the age of 60, but what is even more amazing is that when he lost this opportunity at the age of 70, he was recognized by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and re-entered the political stage with his heroic spirit. According to Records of the Historian, Gong was appointed as a physician in 126 BC, promoted to prime minister in 124 BC, and died at the age of 80. So what kind of person is GongSunHong? What is unique about his way of being an official?

Young people have the advantage of being young, and old people have the advantage of being old. China has always lacked examples in its history. A late bloomer is not frivolous and inexperienced. The overlapping of annual rings makes them cherish opportunities more, and the tempering of years makes them know everything and have profound knowledge, which has become Gong's advantage. Therefore, Gong went smoothly after becoming an official. Seventy-year-old Gong has his own way of dealing with people, which can be summarized as follows:

First, the first feature of the communication between Gong and Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and the handling of political affairs is that Confucianism is foreign and law is internal. On the surface, it is a set of Confucianism, but in essence it is a set of legalists. We talked about Dong Sheng's suggestion earlier. Everyone knows that Emperor Wu respected Confucianism, but we must not forget that Emperor Wu respected Confucianism only as a sheep's head. Emperor Wu was actually a legalist at heart. Because legalists pay attention to autocracy, this is the most suitable for feudal emperors. What are the characteristics of GongSunHong's experience? Gong Sunhong worked in prison in his early years. He is a small clerk in the prison. He has a deep understanding of the laws of the Han Dynasty. He also knew that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to respect Confucianism, so the palace did things according to the legalist school, but he must quote the theory of Confucianism and put on the coat of Confucianism. According to Records of the Historian, the palace did just that and was appreciated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. This is the first advantage of GongSunHong in his seventies, that is, he saw through that Emperor Wu wanted both the face of Confucianism and the lining of Legalism, and GongSunHong just liked it. This is the first point.

Second, Gong is good at observing faces and colors. Gong Sunhong has three ways to deal with the emperor: one is to choose by himself. Gong has his own way to deal with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He won't impose his own way on Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. He will list the first plan, the second plan and the third plan for the emperor to choose. It's called self-selection. In this way, the conflict with the emperor was avoided, instead of forcing his own opinions on the emperor. Second, the inspection is strict. It depends on the emperor's face. Ji An was the hardest hit by him. Ji An is a very honest and frank person, and he often discusses things with GongSunHong. After discussion, they reached a * * * knowledge of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and when they met Gong Sunhong of the Han Dynasty, they always let Ji An speak. Ji An is a sharp-tongued, chug chug to say his opinion. Gong Sun Hong looked at the face of Emperor Wu. If Emperor Wu appreciates him, say more. Emperor Wu did not appreciate him, so he said a few more words. As a result, the palace's opinions were always adopted by Emperor Wu, while Ji An always suffered, so Ji An was particularly unbalanced. Third, breach of contract. GongSunHong sometimes consult with ministers, reach a * * * knowledge, and then go to see the emperor. The ministers spoke thinly, and GongSunHong looked at each other. Say that finish, he looked at the emperor wu passed, spoke again. As a result, ministers suffered. But this kind of loss can be once, twice or three times, and ministers will be alert. Especially Ji An heart imbalance.

Voice-over: Gong is good at reading people's minds and being good at have it both ways. After a long time, the ministers around him saw him clearly, so they were wary of him everywhere. Ji An, the minister who dared to speak out, especially disliked this style of GongSunHong, and exposed GongSunHong's hypocrisy and cunning twice in front of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. So how did GongSunHong survive these two political crises? What kind of GongSunHong will we see in GongSunHong's explanation?

Because Ji An was always angry with GongSunHong, Ji An got angry and exposed GongSunHong twice in front of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. He said for the first time that people everywhere are very cunning. He always consulted with us, and then he broke his original oath after seeing the emperor's opinion. This is called disloyalty. This was said in front of the emperor and many ministers, because Ji An was a man who dared to speak. This statement made the ministers' eyes fixed on GongSunHong uniformly, and Emperor Wu was also surprised. Emperor Wu listened to Ji An's words, because Ji An was a very honest and frank person, and suddenly found out how there was such an old fox around him, so Emperor Wu also took a fancy to GongSunHong, which was a crisis of confidence for GongSunHong. If the answer is not good, the emperor and his ministers will lose their trust in GongSunHong. Gong's answer is very clever. What does Gong say? He said two words: "Those who know the minister are loyal to him, and those who don't know him are not loyal to him." What do you mean? People who know me know I'm loyal, and people who don't know me don't know I'm loyal, so they think I'm disloyal, just these two sentences. What is the ingenuity of these two sentences? First, it is not entangled in specific things. Ji An gave a concrete example, and GongSunHong didn't argue with him about specific things. This is the first very clever one. Jump out of the concrete and rise to the question of understanding and not understanding. Another, his excuse is that Ji An doesn't know himself, so he has a misunderstanding about himself. When he said this sentence, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty felt that Ji An was a little too picky, and he found fault in the eggs, but he felt that GongSunHong was more reliable. Therefore, from now on, whoever speaks ill of the palace will not be believed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. This is the first crisis facing Gong Sunhong. According to modern terminology, this is called crisis public relations. In a crisis, his public relations was very successful. But then the second thing happened. This Ji An said that Gong Sun Hong was the prime minister and received a lot of money. But at home, Gong covered a cloth quilt, and he didn't use silk. Said this man, with so much salary, pretending to be a grandson, deceiving the world and stealing fame. This was said in front of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and his ministers. Of course, this sentence made Emperor Wudi doubt the palace again. Why did the old fox put on a show? Why did GongSunHong use so much money to build a quilt and pretend to be poor? Therefore, Gong once again faces a crisis of confidence. However, Gong made up his mind again. After listening to Ji An, Gong immediately made a review. His review includes the following contents: first, he said that I really want to get an innocent reputation. First of all, I admit that I am really putting on a show, but I want to gain an innocent reputation for this program. Then he said, but historically, there was a senior official named Guan Zhong in Qi Huangong, one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. He had three mansions and was very rich. His life surpassed that of the emperor, but Guan Zhong helped Qi Huangong to rule successfully. Qi also has a Qi Jinggong. He has a famous minister named Yan Ying. Yan Ying doesn't care about meat, and my concubine doesn't wear silk. He said that every time he ate that meat dish, his concubine didn't wear silk clothes, but only coarse cloth. Therefore, Yan Ying's life is no different from that of ordinary people, but Yan Ying also helped Qi Jinggong achieve a great cause. The implication is that the minister's life, whether extravagant or frugal, has nothing to do with his contribution to the dynasty. Third, he said that Ji An is the person who knows me best in the whole dynasty, and Ji An is a big loyal minister. If it weren't for your majesty Ji An, I wouldn't have heard such words. This is what Gong said in crisis public relations. When this was said, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty felt that Gong was very kind. Why are you kind? Because Ji An exposed him and praised Ji An in turn. How nice. And to tell you the truth, I admit that I am seeking fame, but I trust GongSunHong more. So what is the beauty of GongSunHong's remarks? Let's do an analysis. The genius of Gong Sunhong is that he does not defend himself, but admits that he wants to pursue fame and gain. What effect did he get in this way? He convinced the emperor and his ministers that the palace was not lying at least now, and if he was recognized by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and his ministers, people's accusations against the palace would be greatly reduced. If Gong wants to find an excuse at this time, any excuse is very pale and powerless. He first admitted that he was after fame. One more thing, he praised Ji An, which is difficult for ordinary people to do. How did he feel when he praised Ji An? There are many adults, and the prime minister can punt in his stomach, which makes this feeling. In this way, Gong's pursuit of fame and fortune was only a personal hobby at best, and he didn't do much, so that this crisis of trust was resolved at once.

Voice-over: Gong escaped two political crises with his wit and erudition, but turned bad things into good things and regained the trust of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. If courtiers can gain the upper hand in the contest with wily, but later, Gong Sunhong was really a little crazy, and he even challenged Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, which made Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty very angry and made courtiers attack Gong Sunhong in succession. So what the hell is this? Can GongSunHong turn the corner easily this time? What are the unique features of GongSunHong in his life?

The expansion of the territory of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty brought a heavy burden to the people. On the one hand, Emperor Wu wanted to fight Hungary, on the other hand, he wanted to explore the western regions, and at the same time, he wanted to conquer the southwest, and he did a lot of things. In this case, the public suggested to the emperor not to build Shuofang County, and the public disapproved of building Shuofang County, which was of course inconsistent with the opinion of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent one of his courtiers to write an article, asking ten questions and challenging the palace. This is the "Ten Difficulties". According to Gong Sunhong's talent, he can't answer any of the ten difficult books, can he? But GongSunHong didn't answer any of them. Instead, he admitted his ignorance and confessed to the emperor. Then why didn't he argue openly with the people who wrote ten difficult books under Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty? Because when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was in power, the system of internal and external dynasties was implemented, which is very famous in the history of China. Because we said earlier, the former prime minister of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had great power, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to weaken the relative power, so he called a group of people to discuss with him and changed the original prime minister from a decision-maker to an executor. In other words, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not discuss major issues with the prime minister, but discussed state affairs with these people he promoted. This is the system of internal and external dynasties, and it is precisely the ministers of internal dynasties who write ten difficult classics. Gong Sun Hong didn't want to have a direct conflict with the etiquette of Inner Korea. He knew that the imperial court was the most trusted person of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, so Gong was a good compromise. Compromise is a great skill. Compromise is often the magic weapon to win, and compromise is often the magic weapon to be invincible. Not knowing how to compromise, not knowing the necessary compromise, pursuing perfection, pursuing the best and giving up the second best is actually a big mistake in life. Gong is a man who knows how to compromise. When he knew that his opinion would not be adopted, he took a step back and broadened his horizons. He put forward a new suggestion, that is, don't fight Hungary while developing the southwest, but concentrate on one thing. He put forward a compromise plan, which was adopted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, it is very remarkable that he knows how to retreat from difficulties. What's more, he didn't answer these ten difficult books because he didn't want to have a direct conflict with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. All of GongSunHong's practices follow a point, that is, there is no direct conflict with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He has always done this, and as a result, "the emperor thought that humility was getting thicker and thicker, so he took Hong as the prime minister and sealed the golden marquis." Because of this series of practices of Gong, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty thought Gong was modest, but valued him more, and made him the prime minister and later appointed Hou. The consistent practice of the Han dynasty was to seal the Hou first, and then select talents from the Hou to be prime ministers. Gong set an unprecedented precedent. What's its name? Be the prime minister first, and then seal the Hou. It can be seen that Gong Sunhong is unique in his life.

Voice-over: With its rich life experience and eloquent eloquence, Gong finally won the favor of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Through Mr. Wang Liqun's analysis, we feel more and more that ginger is still old and spicy. However, due to his treachery, Gong offended many people and made many political enemies. Moreover, as a prime minister, only lip service can bring him temporary success. After all, people still have to see what he has achieved. So is GongSunHong an unpopular prime minister? Besides being eloquent, has he done anything practical?

There is also a very unique place in Sun Hong Palace, called Sancai Shi Yang. As a prime minister, the palace has so much salary and a bed of cloth, so where did all his money go? Have you left it to future generations? No. Gong's money has two purposes: one is to help old friends. It was he who saved some old friends and called them old friends, so there was no money at home, and after Gong's death, there was no money at home, so this man was very smart. A little more for the guests. There are many people and guests in Gong's family, and this is also his money. His own life is very frugal. On the one hand, I helped some old friends. On the other hand, I trained a large number of customers, all of whom spoke highly of Gong. This has caused the palace to be very popular. However, when we read historical records, especially Hou Zai's biography, we can clearly see that Sima Qian was dissatisfied with Gong and was very dissatisfied with his cunning. However, it is difficult for us to judge whether Gong is good or bad. This is a person who is difficult to evaluate. For example, he spends money to give alms to old friends and support guests. Moreover, it is difficult for us to speculate and estimate how much he lost his temper in the sinister political environment in the middle of the Han Dynasty, such as his confrontation with Ji An and sinister political risks. But we can be sure that since Gong was elected twice and both times, this man is by no means a man without talent. He must be a talented man. He is not a man who doesn't do things, and Gong did do a few things worthy of recognition. First of all, he prevented Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty from opening up frontiers in Xiongnu and Southwest China. He advocated concentrating on the Huns first, which should be said to be a good thing. On the other hand, although Gong entered school very late and started school at the age of 40, he was also a great scholar in the Han Dynasty. As we have said, Dong Zhongshu, as a great Confucian in Han Dynasty, took the lead in proposing to oust a hundred schools of thought and respect the Six Classics alone. However, Dong Zhongshu was soon appointed as the national minister of Jiaoxi country and no longer served in the central government, so Dong Zhongshu only put forward a general direction of respecting Confucianism, which was actually implemented by Gong. Gong Sunhong put forward specific methods and selected some people all over the country to be doctoral students. Of course, 50 students were selected at the beginning. This method is an important event in the cultural history of China. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the number of disciples of doctors had increased rapidly, which greatly promoted the pace of concretization of Confucianism. So in history, Gong Sunhong was not a man who did nothing, but made a difference. However, when we look back on GongSunHong's career as prime minister, he experienced Ji An beating his sap twice. He cleverly hid two sticks and consolidated his position. In particular, GongSunHong's crisis public relations law is worth pondering. At the same time, GongSunHong also highly praised Ji An as a great loyal minister. If so, GongSunHong should be a generous person. So, is the real GongSunHong an open-minded person in history? Please watch the next episode of "fanning the flames"