From Fujin County, Heilongjiang Province to the east, drive along 22 1 National Road for about 35 kilometers to Erlongshan Town. Then turn southeast and walk 12 km, and you will arrive at a place hidden on the map.

This is a city with many buildings, criss-crossing streets and busy traffic. There are public transportation, high schools, tertiary hospitals, public security organs and other institutions, and there is no shortage of infrastructure that other cities should have. The name of this city is "Jiansanjiang".

But it's hard to find this place on an ordinary map. Because some maps mark her as a village, some even draw nothing, and even the name "Jiansanjiang" will not appear.

What the hell is going on here?

It turns out that although this place is included in Fujin City on the map, Jiansanjiang belongs to a special system-the agricultural reclamation system. Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Bureau (now changed to Beidahuang Group) has long been under the dual leadership of the province and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Compared with ordinary local towns, the agricultural reclamation system is another track. On ordinary maps, these special areas will not be marked.

Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation System has nine administrations (sub-bureaus), including Jiansanjiang, many of which are independent cities. That is, like the construction of Sanjiang, a city that can't be found on the map.

Step 2 reclaim land

The vast Northeast Plain consists of Liaohe Plain, Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain from southwest to northeast. Heilongjiang Province, the northernmost province, is located in the north of Sanjiang Plain and Songnen Plain, with a distance of 1000 km from the border Great Wall of the traditional Central Plains Dynasty.

There is the most fertile and suitable land for farming in China-black land. This kind of land evolved in cold climate after the death of surface vegetation and long-term corrosion to form humus. Its organic matter content is several times that of loess, and people describe it as "one soil and two oils".

There are only four black lands in the world. In addition to the northeast of China, the other three places are European granary Ukraine, Mississippi Plain in North America and pampas in South America. Are world-famous granaries.

However, due to its remoteness and cold, it was always the land of fishing and hunting nationalities such as Su Shen before modern times. There have also been some civilizations based on agriculture, such as Bohai State in the Tang Dynasty, but they have all disappeared in the fog of history.

Until the eve of the founding of New China, this fertile land, known as the "Great Northern Wilderness", was largely undeveloped. Vilen is dominated by jackals, and Xionghu is the king of the mountains.

At the beginning of liberation, the country decided to develop here.

Thousands of veterans and aspiring young people from all over the country began to take root in the Great Northern Wilderness. However, this process is not easy!

There is no road here, there are thorns everywhere, and people walk out of the road with their legs. There are no wells here, so people filter the water from rivers and lakes for drinking while drilling wells. There is no house here. People carry bricks and tiles to build houses. At the same time, people bury seeds in the ground.

Winter is coming, thousands of miles are frozen, and snow is falling in Wan Li. At the night of MINUS 20 or 30 degrees, people wrap up their quilts, listen to the howling of wild animals in the distance, and look forward to the dawn. They think of their hometown and the people they care about.

Many things grind, and the next year, the grain is golden.

After years of development, a farm was established on the cold black soil in Heilongjiang. Soybeans, corn and rice have become high-yield "northern warehouses". The arduous struggle of the people has condensed into the "spirit of the Great Northern Wilderness", which has inspired a batch of latecomers.

In order to carry out overall management, 1976 established Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Bureau, the predecessor of Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Bureau. 1995, the grain output in the reclamation area exceeded 1000 billion Jin. The annual output of 20 1 1 exceeded 40 billion Jin, and remained stable at more than 40 billion Jin for 9 consecutive years. Cars and trucks of rice, flour and oil leave here and are transported to all parts of the country.

3. Panorama of agricultural reclamation towns

The headquarters of Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Bureau (now Beidahuang Group) was originally in Jiamusi and moved to Harbin, the provincial capital, in 2000. The group has 9 management bureaus (branches) and 108 farms. There will be a branch and a production team under the farm. Some management bureaus and farms are connected with ordinary towns, while others are independent towns. As I said before, these towns are usually not reflected on the map.

The nine administrations are: Beian Administration, Baoquanling Administration, Hongxinglong Administration, Mudanjiang Administration, Jiusan Administration, Jiansanjiang Administration, Harbin Administration, Qiqihar Administration and Suihua Administration. Among them, Jiansanjiang and Baoquanling are not in any established towns, but are actually equivalent to independent cities.

Due to the tradition of military reclamation, the general people also call the Administration Bureau Division, the Farm Division Division, the Subdivision Division and the Production Team Company. The farming system has long been inconsistent with local cities and counties, and farmers call other ordinary cities and counties "locals". Although farmers are farmers, they are employees of state-owned enterprises.

In addition, there is a famous "Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University" in Heilongjiang. The school was originally located in Peide Town, Jixi City, and then moved to Daqing. This school was established by 1958 to train agricultural reclamation talents, and it was really under the jurisdiction of the agricultural reclamation system in the early days. However, as early as 1973, the school has been placed under the provincial administration and no longer belongs to the General Administration of Land Reclamation.

The distribution of the nine administrations and their subordinate farms is as follows:

4. Reform and the future

There are 532,000 employees in Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation System, with 44.48 million mu of cultivated land, 0/3.62 million mu of woodland/kloc, 5.07 million mu of grassland and 3.88 million mu of water surface. It is equivalent to the average cultivated land area per household 100 mu, which is much higher than the national average.

There are fewer people and more land, which provides conditions for mechanized large-scale planting. By 20 18, the level of agricultural mechanization in Heilongjiang Province reached 96.8%, which was 30 percentage points higher than that in the whole country. Sowing, field work, harvesting and other links have all used machines, which has taken a big step on the road of agricultural modernization.

However, there are inherent problems in the agricultural reclamation system. Due to the state-led establishment process, the state farms have long implemented the system of integrating government and enterprises, and their self-adjustment is not flexible in the face of the constant changes in the external situation. The farm should not only produce and operate, but also "run the society". The funds for supporting facilities such as education and medical care are all borne by the agricultural reclamation system, which is a huge expenditure.

In recent years, the agricultural reclamation system has been groping for reform. The first thing to be solved is the integration of government and enterprise, bringing social functions into the management of local governments, and agricultural reclamation is only responsible for production and operation, and does its job. After the reform, the agricultural reclamation implemented a two-tier management system based on the family management of employees, and large farms coordinated small farms. Farm land is contracted by employees, but the contract period cannot exceed their retirement years, so as to prevent contract relationship from simple solidification.

In order to facilitate the integration and utilization of resources, Beidahuang Company began to prepare and register its trademark on 1994, and listed on A-share in 2002. On 20 18, all the agricultural reclamation systems were reorganized into "Heilongjiang beidahuang agricultural reclamation group company", and all the management bureaus were reorganized into branches (Harbin management bureau was changed into a limited company). The name of "General Administration of Agricultural Reclamation" was completely delisted, and the historical mission was completed.

After the transformation, Beidahuang Group gradually introduced market-oriented factors, paid attention to brand building, and promoted modernization and internationalization. At present, the group has many well-known brands such as Wandashan Dairy, Jiusan Grain and Oil, Kenfeng Seed Industry, etc.

In 20 19, as employees of primary production, the per capita disposable income of agricultural reclamation workers reached 25,985 yuan, which was between urban areas (30,945 yuan) and rural areas (14,982 yuan) in Heilongjiang Province, even higher than that in rural areas of Jiangsu Province (22,675 yuan).

In addition, due to decades of excessive reclamation, soil erosion and wetland reduction have occurred in the originally fertile black soil. Compared with the initial stage of reclamation, the black soil layer is thinner and the organic matter content is lower. In order to realize the harmonious development between man and nature, the state has banned unscientific reclamation, rationally arranged returning farmland to forests, and established and curbed a healthy environment.

With the process of urbanization in China, the population of rural areas in China will be less and less, and mechanized and automated farming will be gradually popularized. The reform and management of Heilongjiang agricultural reclamation system will provide valuable experience for agriculture and animal husbandry in the new period.