After his death, Zhu Mao was buried at the foot of Zhongshan Mountain in Nanjing, known as Xiaoling Mausoleum. Jingdi Zhu Qiyu was killed because of the restoration of the British Emperor. At the beginning, he was buried in Jinshan, a western suburb of Beijing, with the gift of the royal family. During the Chenghua period, the imperial name was restored, the imperial tomb system was slightly expanded, and the Jingtai Mausoleum was changed. The rest 13 emperors were buried in Tianshou Mountain, Changping County, Beijing, commonly known as the Ming Tombs.
Zhu Yuanzhang's father Zhu (Zhu Shizhen) was honored as Emperor Renzuchun, and built the original tomb of Fengyang in Anhui Province as the imperial tomb. Zhu Chuyi, Zhu Yuanzhang's grandfather, was honored as Xi Zuyu; Great-grandfather Zhu was honored as Emperor Yizuheng; Zhu's great-grandfather was honored as Emperor Dezuxuan. Because the burial place of the two ancestors, De and Yi, is unknown, the original burial place of their ancestors was built in Xuyi, Jiangsu.
After san huang was buried, he wore clothes and was named Zuling; Zhu Youjue, the father of Jiajing Emperor Zhu Houzong, was originally the king of Xingxian County. After Zhu Houzong entered the unification, he respected his father as Xian Di and expanded the original tomb of Zhongxiang in Hubei into a mausoleum.
Protection scope of the Ming Tomb: it extends from Luocheng in the east, west and north150m, and reaches Qu Shan Monument 300m in the south. Construction control area (i.e. buffer zone): the east and west sides extend 500 meters outside the boundary markers of the protected area, and the north and south sides extend 600 meters and 550 meters outside the boundary markers of the protected area. Ming Mausoleum is the burial tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of Ming Dynasty, and Ma Shi, the filial queen, hence the name Xiaoling Mausoleum. As the head of the Ming Tombs in China, the Ming Tombs are magnificent, representing the highest achievements of architecture and stone carving in the early Ming Dynasty, which directly influenced the shape of imperial tombs in the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 500 years. The Ming and Qing Tombs, which are distributed in Beijing, Hubei, Liaoning, Hebei and other places according to the regulations and patterns of Nanjing and Ming Tombs, have a special position in the development history of China Mausoleums, so they have the reputation of "the first royal mausoleum in Ming and Qing Dynasties".
The Ming Mausoleum is located at the foot of Mount Qomolangma in Dulong Mansion at the southern foot of Nanjing Zijin Mountain, with Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in the east and Meihua Mountain in the south. It is the largest imperial mausoleum in Nanjing and one of the largest imperial tombs in ancient China. In 2003, the 27th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee decided to be selected as a world cultural heritage on July 3rd, 2003.
The construction of the Ming Tombs began in the 14th year of Hongwu (138 1). In the sixteenth year of Hongwu, major projects such as the Mausoleum Award were completed, and 65,438+million military industries were mobilized. It was completed in the third year of Yongle (1405), which lasted for 25 years. Its overall layout is divided into two parts: one is the Shinto that guides the building, and the other is the main building of the mausoleum.
The Ming Tombs suffered heavy losses many times in the Qing Dynasty, especially during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, the surface buildings in the Ming Tombs were almost destroyed, and the imperial tablet inscribed by Kangxi even fell to the ground. It was not until September of the third year of Tongzhi (1864) that Zeng Guofan wrote to the mausoleum to restore the Ming tombs. At that time, Zeng Guofan sent personnel to investigate and estimate that the Ming tombs actually needed 202,000 silver for maintenance, but the Qing Dynasty was short of money. As a result, only 740 taels of silver was spent on minor repairs and repairs, and the imperial plaque of "Governing the Song Dynasty" was uncovered, and a repaired crack could be seen on the plaque. Originally, people could bypass the left and right sides of the stone tablet, but after 1980, the whole stone tablet was fixed to the roof by cement; So you have to come out of the Imperial Monument Hall to see the turtle's back.
Behind Fangcheng is the underground palace where Zhu Yuanzhang and Empress Ma Shi were buried together, commonly known as "Baocheng", which is a big dome with a diameter of about 400 meters. Baocheng is thick and ups and downs with the mountain. The bottom is paved with stones and the top with bricks, with a thickness of about 1 m. On the stone wall in the south, there are seven characters "Ming Taizu's Tomb is in this mountain". During the Ming Dynasty, the whole cemetery planted 100000 pine trees and stocked1000 immortal deer that won the silver medal. By the end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties, the losses were all gone. So far, the Ming tombs have never been stolen.
According to historical records, in the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 138 1), Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the construction of a mausoleum. In August of the following year, Ma Huanghou died of illness and was buried in this mausoleum in September, named "Xiaoling". The name of Xiao Ling takes its meaning from the word "filial piety" and means "ruling the world with filial piety". It is named after Ma Huanghou's "filial piety". Ming tomb Yongle was built in the third year (1405), which lasted for 25 years. The Ming royal family mobilized 6,543,800 yuan of military industry, which consumed a lot of manpower and material resources. The Ming Mausoleum is large in scale and magnificent in architecture, and its shape has been improved with reference to the tombs of Tang and Song Dynasties. When it was completed, the temples were magnificent and the pavilions were magnificent. Half of the 70 monasteries in the Southern Dynasties were enclosed in forbidden gardens. There are 100000 pine trees and1000 deer in the mausoleum. The original red wall of the Ming Tombs has a circumference of 22.5 kilometers. From Xiamafang to Baoding, it stretches for more than ten miles, with grand layout and strict control. From front to back, it is Xiamafang, Shenlie Mountain Monument, Forbidden Monument in Chongzhen Period, Dajinmen, Monument Pavilion, Du Ying Bridge, Shinto Stone Carvings, Lingxingmen, Jinshui Bridge, Wu Wen Fangmen, Dianmen, Xiaoling Hall, Baocheng Minglou and Chongqiu. Due to repeated fires, except for the mausoleum and the underground palace, only Shinto, dismounted archway, Dajinmen and Sifang City are left in the Ming tomb.
In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (AD 1398), Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of 3 1 died and was buried in Xiaoling. The underground palace where Zhu Yuanzhang and the Empress were buried together, commonly known as "Baocheng", is a big dome with a diameter of about 400 meters. Surrounded by a stone wall, the South Stone Wall is engraved with seven characters "This Mountain is Ming Taizu's Tomb". This is one of the largest tombs in China. After more than 600 years of wind and rain, the wall of Baocheng City partially collapsed, and the wall peeled off. In some places, huge cracks were formed due to the reverse tearing of foundation settlement. Nanjing Cultural Relics Department has invested more than 3 million yuan to adopt the protection scheme of ancient buildings experts of Southeast University. According to the requirements of repairing the old, the wall was repaired, such as "sewing up" cracks, leveling the wall, repairing the deformed wall, and doing "surgery" to prevent water and leakage. In order to facilitate tourists to see the true meaning of "Long Mai", a bluestone trail was also built, allowing visitors to climb the top of Baodi and get a panoramic view of the Ming Tombs. The Ming Tombs are the general name of the royal tombs of 13 emperors after the Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing. There are Changling (Ming Taizu Chengzu), Xianling (Ming Renzong), Jingling (Ming Xuanzong), Yuling (Ming Yingzong), Maoling (Ming Xianzong), Tailing (Ming Xiaozong), Kangling (Ming Wuzong) and Yongling in turn.
The Ming Tombs are located at the foot of Tianshou Mountain, with a total area of 120 square kilometers, about 50 kilometers away from Beijing. The Ming Tombs are located in a small basin surrounded by mountains in the east, west and north, surrounded by mountains on all sides and a plain in the middle. There is a winding river in front of the tomb, with beautiful scenery and beautiful scenery. Thirteen imperial tombs were built along the mountain, located at the foothills of the east, west and north respectively, forming a mausoleum complex with complete system, grand scale and magnificent momentum. Warlocks in the Ming Dynasty thought this place was a scenic spot of geomantic omen and an excellent place of auspicious omen. Therefore, it was chosen as the eternal life domain by the Ming Dynasty to build the imperial tomb. The cemetery was built in 1409 ~ 1645, with a history of more than 300 ~ 600 years. Covering an area of 40 square kilometers, the Mausoleum is the largest existing imperial mausoleum complex in China and even the world.
In the Ming Dynasty, on the way to the north of Shahe River, there was a seven-hole Shichaozong Bridge. In the town east, there is a magnificent Gonghua City. This city used to be the palace where Emperor Jiajing rested during the sacrifice in the mausoleum, and now only the ruins are left.
The Ming Tombs is a natural mountainous area with specifications. Its mountain range belongs to Taihang Remnant Vein, which connects Juyongguan in the west, huanghua town in the north and Changping in the south. It is not only the barrier of the mausoleum, but also the north screen of the capital. Taihang Mountain starts from Zezhou and winds thousands of miles north to Juyongguan. Feng Wan leans back to Panqu and rises to the east as Tianshou Mountain (formerly known as Huang Tu Mountain). The mountain is towering and straight, majestic and broad, and the main force is strong. Gu, a famous scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, once wrote a poem describing the superior situation here: "The mountains are coming from the south, and the momentum is like a dragon, and the dragon leaps and leaps; East toe in Lulong, west ridge in Taihang; Sitting on the yellow flower in the back (referring to huanghua town), facing the Shenjing; There is an old house called Kangjiazhuang. It can accommodate millions of people and suddenly open. " This beautiful natural landscape was regarded as a treasure trove of geomantic omen by feudal rulers.
The Ming Tombs are both a unified whole and an independent unit with similar specifications. Each mausoleum is built in front of a mountain. The distance between the two tombs is at least half a kilometer and at most eight kilometers. Except for Siling, which is located in the southwest corner, the others are fan-shaped and located around Changling (see figure). Under the guidance of China's traditional geomantic theory, from site selection to planning and design, the Ming Tombs paid great attention to the harmony and unity of mausoleum architecture and natural landscape vegetation, and pursued the perfect realm of harmony between man and nature, which embodied the philosophy of harmony between man and nature. The Ming Tombs, as an outstanding representative of China's ancient tombs, showed the rich connotation of China's traditional culture.
The layout of this mausoleum built on the mountain has also been appreciated by foreign experts. For example, Joseph Needham, a famous British historian, said: The Mausoleum is a great achievement in China's architectural form, and its overall pattern may be the greatest example of the combination of the whole building and landscape art. He rated the Ming Tombs as "the greatest masterpiece". His experience is that "you can enjoy the scenery of the whole valley from the gatehouse and meditate on its solemn scene on an organic plane, in which all the buildings are integrated with the scenery, and a person's wisdom is well expressed through the skills of architects and builders." British urban planner Edmund Bacon also spoke highly of the artistic achievements of the Ming Tombs. He believes that "the most magnificent' moving' example in architecture is Ming Taizu Mausoleum." He pointed out that the layout of the mausoleum building built on the mountain was "so magnificent that the whole valley volume was used to commemorate the dead king." They vividly describe the organic combination of the architecture of the Ming Tombs and the natural landscape.
In 2003, the Ming Tombs were listed on the World Heritage List. Evaluation of World Heritage Committee: According to the theory of geomantic omen, imperial tombs of the ming and qing dynasties has carefully selected sites and skillfully placed a large number of buildings underground. It is the product of human's transformation of nature, which embodies the traditional architectural and decorative ideas, and interprets the world outlook and power view of feudal China that lasted for more than 5,000 years.
The Ming Tombs are one of the best preserved imperial tombs in China. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), in order to protect this cultural relic, the government began to carry out maintenance from the early days of liberation, and protected the Ming Tombs as a national key cultural relic. 1957, the Beijing municipal government announced the Ming Tombs as the first batch of key ancient cultural relics protection units in Beijing. 196 1 year, the Ming Tombs were announced as national key cultural relics protection units. 1982, the State Council announced Badaling-Ming Tombs Scenic Area as one of the 44 key scenic spots in China. 199 1 year, the Ming Tombs were identified by the National Tourism Administration as one of the "Forty Best Tourist Attractions in China". 1992, the Ming Tombs were rated as "the world's most well-preserved tombs with the largest number of buried emperors" by the Beijing Tourism World's Most Selected Committee. On 20 1 1 year, the National Tourism Administration approved the Ming Tombs Scenic Area as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.
Ming Xianling Mausoleum is a key cultural relic protection unit in China. It is located in Mingxian Mausoleum of Chundeshan, 7.5 kilometers east of Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province. It is the mausoleum of Emperor Zhu Shiyuan, the father of Emperor Jiajing of Shizong in the Ming Dynasty, and Empress Jiang, the mother of Emperor Cixiao. It is the most distinctive imperial mausoleum in China for thousands of years. It is the burial tomb of Gong Rui, the father of Emperor Jiajing of Shizong in the Ming Dynasty, and Zhang Sheng, the mother of Emperor Jiajing. Built in the 14th year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty (15 19), the circular mausoleum covers an area of 1.83 square kilometers. It is the only Ming Taizu Mausoleum in Central and South China, and the largest single mausoleum among the Ming Tombs in China. Its mausoleum structure of "One Mausoleum and Two Mausoleums" is unique among emperors' mausoleums in past dynasties.
On the whole, the architectural pattern of the Ming Tombs is like a huge "Aquarius", which is divided into internal and external besieged cities. The outer city is 6 meters high, 1.8 meters wide and 3,500 meters long, with red walls and yellow tiles, which fluctuate with the mountain and are magnificent. At the southern end of the outer city is Shuanglingmen, which is called the new and old Red Gate. The Red Gate is like a Shinto mausoleum in Youlong. There are dragon and phoenix gates on both sides of Shinto, and there are stone carvings of civil and military officials, generals, horses, horses, Kirin, elephants, camels, lions, arrogance, imperial tablet pavilions and dragon Shinto. In the meantime, there are five white marble arch bridges with Chinese characters on their shelves. There are Lingen Gate, Lingen Hall, Lingen Gate, Minglou, Yucheng and Yaotai in the besieged city. This building is magnificent. In particular, there are two "8"-shaped cities, and two secret underground mysterious palaces are connected by Yao and Tai, which are mysterious and contain a fascinating palace history. Outside the suburbs, there were Ling Wei, Gengpu, Junhu and Liyue at first. Ming Xianling Mausoleum has exquisite layout and exquisite craft relief.
The Xianling Mausoleum was built in the 14th year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty (15 19) and completed in the 45th year of Jiajing (1566), which lasted for 47 years, with an enclosure area of 183. 13 hectares. The whole cemetery is feudal in two cities, and the outer Luocheng is more than 3600 meters long. Magnificent and magnificent, it is the most complete relic of the city wall in the tombs of emperors in China. The cemetery consists of more than 30 large buildings, such as Inner and Outer Luocheng, Qianbei Baocheng, Fangcheng Minglou, Lingsitang, Lingenmen, Chef, Shenku, Linghu, Military Household, Jingu Palace Supervisor, Gongde Monument, Xinhongmen, Laohongmen, Inner and Outer Tang Ming, Jiuqu Yu He and Longshendao.
The uniqueness of the mausoleum is mainly due to the unique situation of one mausoleum and two mausoleums, which was formed by changing the mausoleum into the mausoleum, which is precious. Zhu Youjue, the owner of the fairy tomb, was a king of Xing Xian before his death and was buried in Songlinshan after his death. Since the death of 16, Empress Dowager Cixi and Yang Tinghe, the master of Historical Records, followed the ancestral motto that "brothers are brothers" and named "Xing's eldest son" as the heir to the throne. The title was Jiajing, and later Zhu Houzong was self-supporting and self-supporting. The three-year-long imperial examination dispute was resolved by force, during which 65,438+07 people were killed by imperial aides, and more than 65,438+065,438+05 officials were imprisoned, paid salaries, exiled from the army, engaged in border defense and dismissed, thus completing their own Zhao Mu system. This important event is called in history. Later, Emperor Zhu Houzong of Jiajing honored his father as the emperor dedicated to the grave, changed the king's tomb into the Mausoleum, and began a large-scale reconstruction and expansion project, which did not stop until Jiajing died.
With its unique environmental features, ingenious layout, magnificent building scale, rich underground treasures and its precious historical value, Xianling has been highly valued by national cultural relics experts. 1988, the State Council was declared as a national key cultural relic protection unit. 1999, in March, National Cultural Heritage Administration declared it as the only Ming Dynasty mausoleum to the United Nations World Heritage Committee. The World Cultural Heritage Committee of UNESCO recently voted to include Ming Xianling Mausoleum in Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province, China in the World Cultural Heritage Project.
In 2000, according to the cultural heritage selection criteria C(I)(III)(VI), the Ming Tombs were listed in the World Heritage List. Evaluation of World Heritage Committee: According to the theory of geomantic omen, imperial tombs of the ming and qing dynasties has carefully selected sites and skillfully placed a large number of buildings underground. It is the product of human's transformation of nature, which embodies the traditional architectural and decorative ideas, and interprets the world outlook and power view of feudal China that lasted for more than 500 years.
Mr. Jean-Louis Lu Sen, an expert from the United Nations, was very surprised after visiting the apparition tomb. He called it the "magic fairy mausoleum" and felt "incredible" about the 1 15-year intact Wailuocheng. At the same time, the protection and maintenance of faeries are fully affirmed.
The construction of Xianling Mausoleum is the product of the great historical event of "Great Gift" in the early years of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty. 152 1 year (the 16th year of Ming Zhengde) Ming Wuzong died. Since Wuzong had no children, Empress Dowager Cixi and Yang Tinghe, a university student, decided in Historical Records that in Wuzong's testamentary edict, they should follow the ancestral motto of "brothers should always be brothers" and "bequest" and "promote the eldest son (Zhu) and" heir to the throne ". During the reign of Wu Zong, Yang Tinghe, a great scholar, helped draft the testament of Wu Zong, but it was used by Zhu Houzong at this time and became a weapon to force Yang Tinghe to change course. Because the content of the testamentary edict is expressed in the tone of Wuzong: "Kang Jing's younger brother is willing to offer the king's second son. He is clever, filial and perfect in virtue. He stood in the right order. He has told the ancestral temple as instructed by his brothers and sisters. Please ask Empress Cishou to collude with civil and military officials at home and abroad and send officials to Beijing today to welcome him to inherit the throne of the emperor. " Among them, the word "heir to the throne" is the most crucial. He said to Yuan, a historian around him, "I am the heir to the throne, not the prince." However, Yang Tinghe still asked Zhu Houzong to set a date to ascend the pole according to the plan of does (from Donghuamen to Juwenhuadian). But it's no use. Finally, Empress Dowager Cixi ordered his ministers to write a note to persuade him to enter the DPRK. Zhu Houzong received a note in the suburbs. At noon that day, he entered from Daming Gate and immediately acceded to the throne in Fengtian Hall. The imperial edict said: "I am under the orders of my brother and the orders of the Sect." "Taking the second year as the first year of Jiajing (the title of" Shaozhi "drawn up by ministers was not adopted) is for Ming Shizong.
According to feudal ethics, Zhu Houzong should be adopted as his son by Xiaozong. However, Sejong is a self-supporting system, following Zhu Yuanzhang's example of forcing four ancestors to be emperors and worshipping his dead father as emperors. This move caused fierce opposition from courtiers. Officials such as Mao Cheng, the minister of rites, and Yang Tinghe, a college student, called the meeting, and more than 60 people signed a letter to express their opposition. A small number of people, represented by Zhang Cong, are sycophants. They put forward the idea of "inheriting the great unity instead of inheriting it", and the two sides started a heated debate by quoting the classics. 1524 (the third year of Jiajing), the Ministry of Ritual "now called Xing the birthday emperor". When the opposition saw that Jiuqing had 23 ministers and Hanlin had 2 1 position, they were given to officials, officials, households, the Ministry of Ritual, the Ministry of War and the Ministry of Punishment. Sejong ordered Li Si to accuse his men of stealing several times, which made the ministers retreat, but the ministers still "obeyed" and protested.
Sejong heard the crying outside the Wenhua Hall, and ordered eunuchs to tell the ministers to quit the dynasty, but the ministers still tried to force Sejong to yield until noon. Yang Shen and others burst into tears, "the sound shocked Quentin". Zhu Houzong was furious, so the Royal Guards arrested eight people and sent them to prison. This makes others more excited. They rushed to Zuo Shun's door and began to cry. Zhu Houzong ordered 134 officials below level 5 to be sent to prison for interrogation, and 86 officials above level 4 were suspended for punishment. On July 16, Zhu Houzong awarded her mother the title of "Empress Dowager Zhang Shengci Ren". On July 20th, Royal Guards asked how to deal with the arrested minister. Zhu Houzong ordered officials above grade four to stop paying wages, and officials below grade five were held accountable. Sixteen people died because of the scepter. After Zuo Shunmen was sued, officials who opposed the ceremony kept their mouths shut, and the three-year "ceremony" ended in Zhu Houzong's victory. In September, Sejong decided to give a big gift, renamed the filial piety as Huang Bokao, and the biological father as Huang Kao, and compiled the Collection of Great Gifts and the Grand Ceremony of Minglun. In the seventeenth year of Jiajing, Zhu Houzong revered Taizong as "the essay written by Zhao Ming Wu Yunsheng Shen Gong Chun Ren Xiao Zhi, the founder of Qi Tian Hong Dao", and his father was "the essay written by Zongrui Zhi Tianshou Dao Hong De Yuan Ren Kuan Mu Chun Holy Palace", and promoted Xian Di God to the ancestral temple, so the ceremony finally ended.
The Xianling Mausoleum is 12 of the Ming Tombs in 18. Its architectural sequence belongs to the middle period, which plays a connecting role and significance in the Ming Tombs. Crescent City System Crescent City is a small courtyard in the shape of a moon bud between Fangcheng and Baoding, commonly known as the dumb bar courtyard. Crescent City was built for the emperor to build land. Every year in Tomb-Sweeping Day, the emperor puts 13 loads of clean loess in Baoding. The system of Crescent City started from Xiaoling Mausoleum, and Xianling Mausoleum, Jingling Mausoleum, Yuling Mausoleum, Tailing Mausoleum, Kangling Mausoleum and Xianling Mausoleum have been used to this day. The Ming Dynasty imperial tombs were laid out according to the system of the former dynasty and the later dynasty. The former dynasty consisted of side doors, side halls and left and right attached halls. The back bedroom consists of Fangcheng, Minglou, Shenghao Monument, Baocheng, Baoding and underground Gong Xuan.
The front is the activity center for holding daily sacrifices. There are three NuanGe in Lungen Temple, with a memorial tablet of the emperor and the queen in the middle. The second half is the grave owner's coffin resting place. In principle, only the emperor can enter this area. This system was inherited by faeries. "The mausoleum system should be commensurate with the mountains and rivers, and it is difficult to agree." In the Ming Dynasty, Sejong believed in Taoism. On the basis of inheriting the "Tianshou Mountain Seven Mausoleums System", some new buildings have emerged. Among the Ming tombs, the old and new Baocheng and Yaotai, the buildings of the two Baocheng-Xianling, are unique. The appearance of this change is closely related to the change of the owner's identity. Qianbaocheng was built in 1520 (the fifteenth year of Zheng De), which was a tomb of a prince built by the master when he was a vassal. Houyi Treasure Town was built in 1539 (the 18th year of Jiajing), which was built after the owner of the tomb was forced to be honored as the emperor. The two treasure cities are connected by Yao and Tai, forming an interconnected whole.
Xianling's unique drainage system skillfully drains the water flowing from Song Lin's main vein (Zushan) from the mausoleum area by using the meandering Jiuqu River. According to the topography, Jiuqu River is equipped with dams to collect water and discharge flood, and there are clear water surfaces in each section, which purifies the environment in the mausoleum area. Although all tombs in the Ming Dynasty attached great importance to the drainage and flood discharge in the mausoleum area, and excavated or used natural rivers to form the Royal River, the Royal River in Xianling was significantly different from the first seven tombs because of its perfect drainage system and sound geomantic theory. There are 16 scattered water chestnuts hanging outward in Baocheng before and after Fairy Spirit, directly discharging the water above Baocheng to the outside of the city. Before that, the Seven Tombs of Baocheng in Tianshou Mountain drained inward, and the later built Yongling and Dingling inherited the drainage method of Xianling. The practice of the Dragon Shinto is to build a Shinto that bends like a dragon on the central axis of the Epiphany Mausoleum. Its practice is to lay a slate in the middle, with pebbles on both sides and ivory stones on the outside, commonly known as Longlin Road, which is not found in other tombs in the Ming Dynasty.
Due to the influence of the pond in front of Wailuocheng and the southeast sand mountain, a new red gate with a width of 18.5 m and a depth of 8 m was built at the top of Xieshan Mountain, with three holes in the gate body. There are two dismount monuments in front of the door, which read "I will dismount here". On the right side of Xinhongmen, an outer Ming pond is built according to the original natural pond, and there is a Sanyu Bridge behind it. Crossing the Royal Bridge is Zhenghongmen, with red walls and yellow tiles, resting on the top of the mountain, with a width of18m and a depth of 7.8m.. There are three holes in the ticket gate. In the middle of the entrance of Zhenghongmen, stands a tall Gong Rui Shengde Monument Pavilion, with a square layout, a width of 18.3 meters and an area of 334 square meters. It is a white marble pedestal, with a stone Sumi Mountain below, double eaves at the top and coupon doors on both sides, and is located in the center of Gongrui Shengde Monument (the first turtle of the dragon). There are three royal bridges 63 meters behind the exhibition hall. Crossing the bridge is the most important tomb decoration building in the mausoleum area. In contrast, it is a white marble watchtower with a height of12m. Below it is a square sumeru with hexagonal columns. On the second floor, a corset cloud disk holds a cylindrical watchtower with a cloud pattern on it. Behind the watchtower is a group of stone statues, including lions, minks, sleeping camels, sleeping elephants, unicorns, horses and sleeping horses. There are two pairs of military commanders, a pair of civil servants and a pair of respected ministers, with vivid shapes and orderly arrangement. Followed by the Dragon Wind Gate, as a support for stone students, the Dragon Wind Gate is exquisitely designed. It is an arched building with six columns, three doors and four floors. A cloud disk is hung on the square column, and a lotus platform is covered on it. Each lotus pedestal is carved with a burning sphere and a stone pier. The square body is wood-like, with a forehead, a flower board, a supporting frame, and a doornail on the forehead.