The reason why Britain first carried out the industrial revolution was mainly because of British bourgeois rule. Secondly, through the enclosure movement, Britain has gathered a large number of labor, at the same time, it has also expanded the British domestic market, as well as years of overseas trade and colonial expansion, accumulated original capital, provided Britain with broad raw materials and markets, and possessed advanced technology and experience. This is unmatched by later France and Germany. However, with the increase of market demand, manual production can no longer meet the demand, and a revolution in machine production is bound to break out. Three historical trends of progress: 1. Bourgeois revolution and reform, such as American Civil War, Russian serfdom reform and Meiji Restoration in Japan.

2. The workers' movement and the socialist movement, such as the British constitutional movement, the birth of Marxism, the Paris Communist movement, etc.

3. National liberation movements, such as Latin American independence movements.