Ming Dynasty (English translation: Ming)( 1368—1644) was the last feudal dynasty in China history, which was founded by Zhu Yuanzhang (Ming Taizu) in 1368. Nanjing was the original capital. When Judy became his father, Nanjing moved to Beijing.
In the early Ming Dynasty, the national strength was relatively strong. In the heyday of the early Ming Dynasty, Inner Mongolia was controlled in the north, Dongjiang in the west, Nuzhen in the northeast, Yunnan and Guizhou in the southwest and Jiaoxian in the south. In the Ming dynasty, the detention center system and the chieftain local official system were implemented in minority areas. Later, the national strength gradually declined, especially the sharp social contradictions in the later period, which even triggered a large-scale peasant uprising. In A.D. 1644, Li Zicheng captured Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself, and the Ming Dynasty perished. However, the Nanming regime lasted for more than ten years until it was finally eliminated by the Qing Dynasty.
Mingshi
Yuanmo
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the government was corrupt and the national treasury was increasingly empty. In order to make up the fiscal deficit, the Yuan government not only increased taxes, but also issued new banknotes "Supreme Treasure", which were printed in large quantities, causing serious inflation and people's livelihood problems. In the 11th year of Zheng Zheng (135 1), the Yuan government recruited hundreds of thousands of peasants to control the Yellow River flood. Farmers on both sides of the Yellow River have already suffered from famine, and they have been whipped by the supervisors of the river management field, and their rations have been deducted, which makes them very angry. Therefore, "river management" and "money exchange" became the fuse of peasant uprising, which led to the outbreak of the Red Scarf Army uprising.
The establishment of Ming dynasty
In the 11th year of Zheng Zhi (135 1), the peasant uprising broke out in May. The following year, Guo Zixing rallied and captured Haozhou (now Fengyang, Anhui). Soon, Zhu Yuanzhang, a poor farmer in Fengyang, Anhui Province, defected to Guo Zixing, made meritorious military service, and won the esteem and trust of Guo Zixing. In the 14th year of Zheng Zhi (1354), Guo Zixing died, and Zhu Yuanzhang was in charge of state affairs. In the 16th year of Zheng Zheng (1356), Zhu Yuanzhang led his troops to occupy Qing Ji (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and renamed it Yingtianfu. Then he captured some surrounding military sites and gained a firm foothold. At this time, Zhu Yuanzhang was "limited in land and little in food" and "fighting alone", far less than other rebel forces, and the situation was very difficult. Zhu Yuanzhang adopted the advice of Zhu Sheng, a counselor, and said, "Build a high wall, accumulate grain widely, and slow down to be king.". After several years of hard work, Zhu Yuanzhang's military and economic strength has grown rapidly. Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed Chen Youliang in the 23rd year (1363), Zhang Shicheng in the 27th year (1367) and captured Fang Guozhen, a coastal city in Zhejiang. /kloc-in the first month of 0/368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian and established the Ming Dynasty. In the same year, Dadu (now Beijing) was captured, and the Yuan Dynasty perished.
After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, on the one hand, reduced the burden on farmers and resumed social and economic production; On the one hand, punishing corrupt officials, even if they are royalty, the founding heroes are not soft. He also appointed the prince to guard all the places. After his death, Zhu Yunwen, the great grandson of the emperor, succeeded to the throne. Judy, the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, launched the battle of Jingnan for the sake of Ming Chengzu and seized the throne. Judy built Beijing City and moved the capital to Beijing in 142 1 year. In the meantime, Zheng He made seven voyages to the West. He also compiled the Yongle Grand Ceremony. After Chengzu, there appeared the rules of kindness and openness.
1435, Ming Yingzong, who was under 9 years old, succeeded to the throne and believed in eunuch Wang Zhen. As a result, the civil engineering changed from 65438 to 0449, and the emperor was captured by Vala. However, under the leadership of Yu Qian, the Ming court set up another Ming Di, launched a national war of resistance between the army and the people, and repelled the invading Walla army. The Ming dynasty was once revived. During the reign of Emperor Xiaozhong and Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty, the politics of Ming Dynasty was the clearest. The emperor was diligent and not autocratic, trusted his ministers, and the power of the cabinet rose greatly.
Emperor Jiajing arrived, believing in Taoism and ignoring state affairs. Minister Yan Song monopolized the state affairs platform, which led to political corruption and financial crisis. Even Hai Rui called it "Jiajing Jiajing, every family is poor".
Wanli era
In the early years of Wanli, he assisted Zhang as the cabinet record. In the internal affairs, the principle of "respecting sovereignty, instructors, rewarding and punishing, and giving one order" was put forward, the examination law was implemented, redundant staff and staff in government agencies were abolished, and the postal delivery and civil service systems were rectified. Economically, clear the whole country's land, curb the powerful landlords, reform the tax system, implement the whip law, and reduce the burden on farmers. Militarily, strengthen the rectification of military equipment, put down the riots in the southwest, and reuse the anti-Japanese famous Qi Jiguang Prime Minister Ji, Chang and Bao for training to make the border safe. The first year of Wanli presented the best situation since the middle of Ming Dynasty.
After Zhang's death, ZTE's image disappeared, and the Ming Dynasty embarked on the road of decline.
Zongshen was a greedy monarch, occupying land and plundering people's wealth. Zongshen also abolished the examination method, which caused the emperor to sell goods, the adjutant to be corrupt and the party struggle to be fierce.
Three cases in the late Ming Dynasty, Wei Zhongxian's autocratic power and Li Zicheng Uprising all led to the decline of the Ming Dynasty.
Zongshen's corruption led to an empty treasury and a border crisis. During this period, the post-Jin Dynasty in Northeast China rose, forming a local regime opposite to the Ming Dynasty. At this time, the Ming people were poor, class contradictions intensified, and the crisis of the Ming Dynasty's demise was formed.
The demise of the Ming dynasty
In the late Ming Dynasty, the rule was decadent. Eunuch Wei Zhongxian specializes in state affairs, persecuting dissidents and suppressing the people. The rulers continue to aggravate the exploitation of the people, coupled with years of famine, and the people are in dire straits. 1628, a war broke out in northern Shaanxi, and dozens of insurgents such as Li Zicheng and Zhang emerged. Li Zicheng put forward the slogan of "flat fields and white grain", which won the support of farmers. 1644 (the seventeenth year of Chongzhen), Li Zicheng captured Xi 'an and established Dashun regime. In March of the same year, when he occupied Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan, ending the Ming Dynasty that ruled China. After that, the Qing soldiers entered the customs, defeated the Dashun regime in Li Zicheng and entered Beijing. In the north, most of the remnants of the former Ming Dynasty surrendered to the Qing Dynasty or cooperated with the Qing Dynasty to fight the rebels. In the south, various forces loyal to the Ming Dynasty established several exile regimes, which were called "Nanming" in history and were wiped out by the Qing Dynasty in the following ten years.
* Zhili: Shi Jing and Nanking.
* Ministry of Foreign Affairs (province): Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Huguang, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi.
* Commander-in-Chief: Commander-in-Chief Nuer Tuotu (in charge of the Heilongjiang River Basin-arnon River in the west, Sakhalin Island in the east, Udi River in the north, and the vast area near the Sea of Japan in the south), founded in 1409, lasted for 25 years, and then abandoned.
Official system
:: Central government system:
Six departments: official department, household department, ritual department, military department, criminal department and industrial department.
O Commander-in-Chief of the Fifth Army: Commander-in-Chief of the Central Army, Former Army, Rear Army, Zuo Jun Army and Right Army.
O yushitai
* Local official system
Chief Secretary Cheng Xuan
Department of Judgement and Investigation
Everyone commands the company.
In the Ming dynasty, there were secret services to monitor the words and deeds of the minister. Taizu has a Royal Guards, Chengzu has an East Factory, Xianzong has a West Factory, and Wuzong has an Inner Factory.
Military system
The source of the army in the early Ming dynasty was the original soldiers, that is, the so-called soldiers who joined the army, Yuan soldiers, regiment soldiers, and those who were convicted and dismissed. The most important source is the election, that is, the army from the household registration. Besides, there are other ways, such as simple drawing, filling and collecting. In addition, after the mid-Ming dynasty, there were also ways to force people to join the army, but they all belonged to a minority. Generally speaking, the health system is still the most important military system.
The system of health centers is to establish health centers in military locations all over the country to station troops. There are 5,600 people in health centers, followed by 1000 households, 100 households, with general flag and small flag. Each health center belongs to the office of the Governor of the Fifth Army and the Ministry of War. Send it from the Ministry of War if something happens, and send it back to the health center if nothing happens.
The source of the army is hereditary military households, and each household sends one person to Zhengding Zhiwei as a soldier. Soldiers take turns to guard at the guard station, and the income from wasteland reclamation supplies the needs of the army and generals. Its goal is to raise troops without consuming national financial resources. However, after the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty, it was gradually unsustainable, the living standards and social status of soldiers became lower and lower, and deserters gradually increased, so armaments were gradually abandoned.
Therefore, during the Jiajing period, when dealing with the Japanese rebellion, General Qi Jiguang recruited militia to train in Zhejiang to replace the unbearable guards.
diplomacy
In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, many Japanese pretended to be envoys of the Ming Dynasty to cheat money because the tribute trade in the early Ming Dynasty favored one over the other. Japan is actually in a state of separatism, and there is no unified central government. Many Japanese who come to China to pretend to be tribute messengers are not under the jurisdiction of the Japanese government. After paying tribute, they stayed in the coastal areas of China to rob. This is the enemy of the early Ming Dynasty. In order to prevent the Japanese pirates, Zhu Yuanzhang promulgated the policy of sea ban.
After Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty ascended the throne, during Yongle period, Zheng He, a famous navigator and eunuch of Sambo, led an ocean-going fleet to the west for seven times, reaching the east coast of Africa as far as possible, which strengthened the economic and political exchanges between the Ming Dynasty and other countries in the world, made contributions to China's going global, and embodied the prosperity of the Ming Dynasty during Yongle period. After Ming Taizu became the ancestor, his son Zhu Gaochi succeeded to the throne, that is, Emperor Renzong. He listened to the opinions of some North Korean ministers, thought that the westward journey was too wasteful and had little effect, and announced that he would stop the westward journey. Less than a year later, Injong fell ill, and Zhu Zhanji, Xuanzong, succeeded to the throne, and changed his name to Xuande. In the fifth year of Xuande (143 1), on the sixth day of December, Zheng He went to the Western Ocean for the seventh and last time. During the Ming Xianzong period, a eunuch once proposed to Xianzong to go to the Western Ocean again, so the emperor wrote to the Ministry of War to ask for the charts and other information of Zheng He's mission. However, because Liu Daxia and other officials thought that the trip to the Western Ocean was a great disadvantage and great harm, they hid the map of Zheng He's trip to the Western Ocean (at that time, they said that they would destroy it), and the Minister of War Xiang Zhongzhong ordered the officials to search the warehouse in vain, so the trip to the Western Ocean again was abandoned. Later, when the Japanese pirates were rampant, the Ming Dynasty intensified its maritime ban. It was not until the middle and late Ming Dynasty that the enemy gradually subsided and reopened the maritime ban.
In16th century, after the opening of the new sea route, the Portuguese occupied Malacca in 15 1 1, and they were more eager for contact with China. In the seventh year of Emperor Wu of Ming Dynasty (15 13), the Portuguese king went to China and landed in Guangzhou, hoping to establish diplomatic relations with the Ming government. Later, Emperor China allowed the Portuguese to open foreign firms and build houses in Macau, and allowed them to come to Guangzhou for the winter every year. This is the first time that western powers have officially landed in China and contacted China. The arrival of western countries from the East has brought many new things to China. In the 20th year of Ming Shenzong Wanli (1592), the Pope sent Matteo Ricci to work in China parish. Matteo Ricci and his party failed to arrive in China in time due to the outbreak of Wanli Aid Korea War. Later, after China's victory in the Anti-Japanese War, Matteo Ricci was able to enter China. Because Matteo Ricci learned Chinese quickly, he wore Confucian clothes and studied Confucian books, which was quite popular among literati in the Ming Dynasty. Later, he was recommended to Beijing, which won Zongshen's trust. He presented tributes to China, such as Kunyu and the map of the world, chimes, sundials, western cannons, telescopes, muskets, western medicines, statues of the Virgin Mary and crosses. It has been exhibited in Beijing, Zhaoqing and other places. Matteo Ricci not only spread Catholicism, but also inspired Xu Guangqi, Li Zhizao and others to learn Western learning. In addition, he introduced various cultures of China to Europe, such as Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and Weiqi. It can be described as "the first person to connect China and the West". In addition, the Ming army used a large number of firearms, and the quantity and quality of firearms equipment were not less than those in western countries, but with the Qing Dynasty entering the Central Plains, the use of firearms decreased.
The agricultural development in Ming Dynasty, both in output and production tools, was higher than that in Song and Yuan Dynasties, which provided a solid foundation for the steady growth of population since the middle of Ming Dynasty.
Since the early Ming Dynasty, the handicraft industry represented by Jiangnan has developed highly, which has promoted the market economy and urbanization. However, the principle of "attaching importance to agriculture and restraining commerce" and the strict sea ban policy in the Ming Dynasty suppressed commerce to a certain extent. With the failure of the circulation of paper money "Daming Bao" in Ming Dynasty, the whole monetary system turned to silver. The influx of silver from Japan and Latin America further promoted the economic development of the Ming Dynasty. During the Jiajing and Wanli periods of the Ming Dynasty, countless commodities such as silk, wine, meat, fruits and vegetables, tobacco, crops and porcelain were sold everywhere. Many foreign products, such as western clocks and watches in Europe and tobacco in the United States, are sold in China. Commercial metropolises at that time included Beijing, Nanjing, Yangzhou, Suzhou, Guangzhou, Xi and Chengdu. Famous business gangs include Huizhou merchants, Sichuan-Shaanxi merchants, Suzhou merchants, Gyeonggi merchants, Guangdong merchants and so on. In the world, Ming Dynasty was one of the most developed countries in handicraft industry and economy in16th century and17th century.
Science and culture developed rapidly in Ming Dynasty. China's four classical novels, The Journey to the West, Water Margin and Romance of the Three Kingdoms, originated in the Ming Dynasty. Jin Ping Mei is also a work at this time. Tang Xianzu's play Peony Pavilion is still on today.
Traditional elegant literature continued to develop in the Ming Dynasty, with famous literati including Liu Ji, Song Lian, Gao Qi, Fang Xiaoru, Tang Yin, Gui Youguang, Xu Wei, Wang Shizhen, Yuan Hongdao, Qian, Zhang Dai and Wu. Sanqu writers include Wang Pan, Feng Weimin, Xue Lundao, Chen Yi, Kang Hai and others.
Folk literature in Ming Dynasty was very developed, among which Tang Bohu was an outstanding representative. Folk couplets are popular, and folk songs such as Sonam Zhi are thriving.
Ideologically, Wang Yangming's new philosophy "Xue Xin" prevailed after Jiajing, forming a trend of thought against the traditional bondage, shaping a new social fashion, and also making the late Ming people have a philosophy of life different from other times. For example, Li Zhi, a "heretical" thinker, is the best example.
science and technology
From the early to the middle of the Ming Dynasty, science and technology developed greatly, and it was in the forefront of the world until the16th century.
The scientific works that appeared in this period are: Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, Song's Heavenly Creativeness, Xu Guangqi's Complete Book of Agricultural Administration and Fang Yizhi's Introduction to Physics. There are also works such as Xu Xiake's Travels, which are precious documents for us to study and learn from ancient technology.
The poem Ode to Coal written by Yu Qian illustrates the extensive use of coal at that time. Ji Cheng's Landscape Metallurgy is a monograph on landscape architecture.
The military science and technology of the Ming dynasty was also relatively developed, with spears and powerful artillery in the late Ming dynasty. It is said that a man named Wan Hu, sitting in a chair with a gunpowder stick, tried to fly into the sky with the help of gunpowder thrust, but failed, becoming the first person in the world to sacrifice himself for exploring space.
Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang
Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang (1328~ 1398) was born in Haozhou.
Zhu Yuanzhang was born in an ordinary peasant family. /kloc-When he was 0/7 years old, a plague occurred in his hometown. His parents and brothers were killed in this disaster. The young Zhu Yuanzhang had to become a monk for food and clothing. Who knows that the monk is not good either, and soon the famine forced him to leave the temple and go out for alms. This outing can be said to have a great influence on Zhu Yuanzhang's life, which not only exercised his will and body, but also exposed him to some anti-meta-thoughts.
Shortly after returning to his hometown, introduced by his playmate Tang He, Zhu Yuanzhang joined the Red Scarf Army in Guo Zixing. Because of his wisdom and courage, he soon became Guo Zixing's confidant and married Ma Shi, Guo Zixing's adopted daughter. During Guo Zixing's reign, Zhu Yuanzhang constantly expanded his power and mastered a team that really belonged to him, so that Zhu Yuanzhang easily defeated Guo Zixing's son and gained control of the team after Guo Zixing's death.
Zhu Yuanzhang was not satisfied with enough territory. If he wants to occupy this grand plan, he must have a stable base area, so Nanjing (Qing Ji) came into his sight. 1356, Zhu Yuanzhang captured Qing Ji and renamed it Yingtianfu, calling himself Wu Guogong. At the same time, we adopted Zhu Sheng's suggestion of "building a high wall, building a good relationship and becoming king slowly", and vigorously developed production, laying a solid foundation for a bigger war in the future.
Next, Chen Youliang was defeated in the periphery of Nanjing, Chen Youliang's army was completely defeated in a bloody battle in Poyang Lake, Zhang Shicheng was destroyed in Zhejiang, Han Liner was killed, and Xu Da and Chang Yuchun were sent to the Northern Expedition. Destroy all forces one by one. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian, with the title Daming. In the same year, Yuan Shundi was expelled from Beijing.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), it adopted the policy of living in peace with the people, reduced taxes, promulgated the Daming Law, and stabilized social order. At the same time, the prime minister was abolished, the six-department system was implemented, the Yushitai was changed to the inspector's office, the guard system was implemented, the military commanders were separated from the military power, and a royal guard was set up to supervise the courtiers and the people. All these measures greatly strengthened the imperial power.
Zhu Yunwen, Ming Huidi
Ming Huidi Zhu Yunwen, the eldest grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, and the eldest son of Prince Zhu Biao.
Emperor Wen Jian's trip to the emperor ended four years later. As an emperor, he is too kind and sometimes indecisive. If I let him be a courtier, I believe he can love the people like a son and remain uncorrupted, but unlike being an emperor, the emperor is doomed to be inseparable from blood, and he wants to exclude dissidents. He wants to establish imperial power. If he can't do this, the emperor will eventually be eliminated by history, and Wen Jian is such a tragic figure.
Ming Chengzu Judy
Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was a controversial emperor in history. He made great achievements and created the prosperity of the early Ming Dynasty, but he was overjoyed, suspicious, and killed people without blinking an eye, and his hands were covered with blood. Whether merit is greater than merit or excess is greater than merit can only be grasped by the people themselves.
At the age of eleven, Judy was made a prince by her father Zhu Yuanzhang. At the age of twenty-one, she was sent to Beijing. At that time, although the forces of the Yuan Dynasty had been driven to the grassland, they still had considerable military strength and constantly harassed the northern border of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, Beijing is not peaceful. It exists as a military center. Zhu Yuanzhang imprisoned Judy in Beijing, hoping that his son could take the place of hero, so as to make the regime of the Ming Dynasty more stable. But it was the four emperors who used their military power to finally seize the position of the emperor, which Zhu Yuanzhang could not have predicted.
During her stay in Beijing, under the guidance of many loyal generals, Judy quickly became a qualified military conductor, won a major victory in the anti-Yuan war and strengthened her military strength. In the last years of Hongwu, he became the strongest vassal in the north. After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, Zhu Yunwen, the great grandson of the emperor, ascended the throne, and his title was established.
At the beginning of Wen Jian's accession to the throne, in addition to a series of necessary reforms, he began to cut the suggestions of Qi Tai and others. After beheading five queens in succession, he directed his finger at Judy, the prince of Yan. Judy also took immediate action to kill the court minister stationed in Beijing and launch Jingnan.
Because the hero of Hongwu period had been killed by Zhu Yuanzhang, the court had to send some young generals to take command. However, due to the powerful imperial court, the two sides are still in a tug-of-war situation. At this time, the weakness of Jianwen Emperor was exposed. Due to some mistakes in his decision-making and the success of Judy's strategy of taking Nanjing directly, Wen Jian occupied Nanjing for four years, and his whereabouts were unknown. Under the "persuasion" of ministers, Judy ascended the throne in Nanjing with the title of Yongle.
In the early years of Yongle, Judy adopted a bloody policy in order to eliminate the residual party member in Wen Jian. "Guaman Copying and Killing Ten Houses" was produced in this period. Some literati have committed crimes, and not only his relatives, but also his friends will be put to death collectively. This is called killing ten families. The atmosphere of terror at that time was evident. The influence of eunuchs was fully developed in Yongle dynasty, and many eunuchs participated in politics and became decisive figures. This is also the bane of the eunuch dictatorship in the Ming Dynasty.
An important event in Yongle period was Zheng He's voyage to the West. Zheng He went to the Western Seas for two purposes, the most important of which was to find the missing emperor Wen Jian. At that time, it was said that Wen Jian escaped from the sea. Judy was worried that Wen Jian would make a comeback, so she sent Zheng He, a confidant eunuch, to the Western Ocean to find him. Another reason is Judy's joy. At that time, China was regarded as the center of the world, and all countries should come to congratulate him. So, he sent Zheng He to the Western Ocean to greet the kings of various countries to congratulate him, so as to set off a prosperous time.
Judy's other achievement is the construction of the Forbidden City. At that time, the north was still unstable and there was the possibility of war at any time. Nanjing is far away and the command is inconvenient. Therefore, Judy decided to build the Forbidden City and prepare to move the capital. The construction of Beijing Palace began in 14 16, and the capital was officially moved to Beijing in 142 1.
Judy has also made great achievements in cultural studies, which can be seen from the compilation of Yongle Dadian. Yongle Dadian, compiled by Jie Jin and others, is regarded as the crown of ancient books. Yongle Dadian is more valuable than Sikuquanshu in Qing Dynasty, because it only collects, sorts out and classifies ancient books without any major changes. However, many contents in Sikuquanshu have been revised by editors, which destroyed the original appearance of ancient books. Therefore, Yongle Dadian is worthy of the title of the crown of ancient books.
Ten years after Yongle, Judy launched a war, and with the increase of age, the frequency of war became faster and faster. Judy waged five wars in her life. Except for the first two, most of them waste people and money, which puts a heavy burden on the newly recovered economy. 1424 In July, Judy died in Yumuchuan in the Fifth World War. He reigned for 22 years and died at the age of 65. He was buried in Changling at the foot of Tianshou Mountain in Changping, Beijing.
Ming Renzong Zhu Gaochi
Judy's eldest son was born in the eleventh year of Hongwu, and his mother was Queen Xu. As early as the Hongwu period, Zhu Gaochi was named the Prince of Yan, and was deeply loved by the ancestors of the emperor because of his elegance and kindness. The only fly in the ointment is that Zhu Gaochi is too fat to move. He always needs two attendants to help him move, and he always stumbles. Therefore, for Cheng Zu who has been addicted to martial arts all his life, he doesn't like this son.
May 29th, the first year of Hongxi. Emperor Renzong died of a heart attack at the age of 47. It has been suggested that Injong questioned his contribution less than a year after he was in office. But he didn't know that during the reign of Cheng Zu, he spent most of his time at war, and North Korea's government affairs were always handed over to Zhu Gaochi, so he had enough time to carry out his own policies and laid a good foundation for his accession to the throne. If we add this time, Zhu Gaochi's contribution to the Ming Dynasty is beyond doubt. Zhu Gaochi, Emperor Renzong of Ming Dynasty, deserves to be called Renzong.
Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji
Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji, the eldest son of Emperor Zhu Gaochi of Hongxi, was born in the thirty-first year of Hongwu. On the night when he was born in Zhu Zhanji, his ancestor Judy, the prince at that time, had a dream. He dreamed that Mao gave him Adachan. In ancient times, Da Gui symbolized power, and Zhu Yuanzhang gave him Da Gui, which meant giving him the country.
As Emperor Taiping, Zhu Zhanji liked cricket fighting since he was a child. After he ascended the throne, he asked all localities to purchase excellent crickets to come to Beijing. In order to please Xuanzong, local officials stepped up their tasks, which once caused great burden to the people. Zhu Zhanji is also known as the "Cricket Emperor". A few years ago, there was a cartoon devoted to this history. The downfall of Xuanzong is also a stain on him, which will be introduced in detail in Yingzong's article. In a word, Emperor Xuande was a competent emperor and his contribution to the Ming Dynasty was indelible. He is called Emperor Taiping by historians and is a famous emperor in history. These titles are not exaggerated for Xuanzong, but Emperor Xuande did not enjoy a long life. After ten years in office, he contracted an unknown disease and gave up. How can his untimely death be regrettable?
Zhu Qizhen, Ming Yingzong.
Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, the eldest son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, had a legendary life. During the reign of Xuande, Hu Huanghou, the official palace of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty in Zhu Zhanji, was a rare queen with good conduct, virtuous and gentle. Xuanzong also had an imperial concubine named Sun, who was deeply loved by Xuanzong. The only regret is that she didn't get the queen's throne, so Sun Guifei racked her brains to get rid of Hu Huanghou and start her own business.
The opportunity has finally come. Tang Xuanzong's children were not rich. Hu Huanghou failed to give birth to a prince for Xuanzong. Although Sun Guifei failed to have children, she came up with a plan to steal the boat. He sent people to spy around the palace to see which maid-in-waiting was pregnant after the emperor was lucky, so he hid the found maid-in-waiting in the secret room, isolated from the outside world, and sent someone to take care of it. Then he bribed the physician, claiming that he was pregnant and faking many signs of pregnancy.
After the British Restoration, Emperor Jingtai died a month later and was buried in Xishan, Beijing as a prince. Under the strong persuasion of Shi Heng and Cao Jixiang, Yingzong killed Yu Qian, the commander-in-chief of Beijing defense, which was another big stain on his life after the change of Yingzong and the civil fort.
But the politics of Tianshun dynasty is much clearer than that of orthodox dynasty. The British Sect appointed and waited for wise ministers, which successively put down the rebellion of Shi and Cao, and the society is still developing forward. Yingzong should also be regarded as a generation of army. He released Jian (the son of Emperor Jianwen) who had been imprisoned since Yongle, restored the title of Xuande, and decided to stop the martyrdom of concubines after the death of the emperor.
In the first month of Tianshun eight years, Yingzong died of illness at the age of 38. When Crown Prince Zhu Jianshen succeeded to the throne, Yingzong completed his complicated life path.
Ming Taizong Zhu Qiyu
Ming Daizong Zhu Qiyu, the second son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Speaking of Jingtai Emperor, people can't help but think of some legendary experiences, such as appointing Yu Qian to guard Beijing, seizing the door, and restoring Yingzong. Let us have a general understanding of Ming Daizong's life.
His biological mother is a maid in the palace of Hanwang, who is the second son of the famous Yongle Emperor Zhu. Xuande and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fought against their uncle Hanwang Zhu, captured Zhu's father and son, and made the harem of the Han Palace a slave. On his way back to Beijing, Emperor Xuanzong met Wu, the handmaid of Han Palace, and was deeply moved by Wu's beauty and intelligence, so Wu was able to stay with Emperor Xuanzong until he returned to Beijing. After returning to Beijing, due to the obstruction of feudal ethics, Wu, as a sinner, could not give a concubine, so Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty arranged her in a big house close to the palace wall, and she was often lucky. Finally, Wu's beads were secretly connected, and she gave birth to a second son for Xuanzong, named Jingtai Emperor. Wu was also named a virtuous princess, but continued to live outside the palace.
Who knows, Zhu Jianji died young, and Emperor Jingtai suffered a heavy mental blow. Fortunately, Emperor Jingtai is still in his prime, and the problem of children is not very worrying for him. It has been eight years since Emperor Jingtai suddenly became seriously ill, and the problem of building storage has become a hot issue. However, the opinions of all ministers are not uniform. Some people advocate the re-establishment of Zhu Jianjun, the king of interpretation, while others advocate the establishment of Wang Xiang. Suddenly, the news that Emperor Jingtai was getting better came from the imperial palace, so the ministers prepared to discuss with Emperor Jingtai the next day. However, Jingtai Di fell asleep soon after getting up the next morning because of his serious illness. Ministers didn't wait for Jingtai Emperor, so they made an appointment to come back tomorrow morning. Who knows, on this night, the famous change of seizing the door broke out. Emperor Jingtai died soon and was buried in Xishan, Beijing according to the ceremony of the prince. Yu Qian and Wang Wen were killed, and the rule of Emperor Jingtai in Ming Dynasty came to an end. Emperor Jingtai supported Yu Qian in opposing the southward migration, won the battle of Beijing, reused the persecuted loyal ministers of the orthodox dynasty, saved the day and made contributions to the post-war recovery of the Ming Dynasty. However, he was too stingy to welcome back the British Sect, and at the same time he pushed his luck on the issue of the prince. In the end, Emperor Jingtai's life ended in tragedy, and his merits and demerits can only be left to future generations to comment.