A: There are many pages in middle school geography textbooks with various charts, such as administrative maps, topographic maps, climate maps, landscape maps and schematic diagrams. , and there is a special atlas for learning. These charts most vividly express geographical things and phenomena, which are not only one of the important contents of geography class, but also a tool for learning geography. Using maps skillfully can not only help us understand and master geographical knowledge, but also help us remember.
How to skillfully use maps and memorize geographical knowledge? Summarize the following five methods:
1. Clear purpose, repeat memory
For various reasons, the maps in textbooks (atlases) are often the synthesis of various geographical images, and one map is multi-purpose. So when looking at pictures, we should be good at grasping the most important things to remember from the pictures. Clear memory intention, purposeful and focused memory. For example, the map of the mainland in the World Atlas combines geographical elements such as geographical location, administrative region, topography, water system and city, and there is no destination to read widely. Although it took a lot of time, the effect was not satisfactory. I remember everything, but I don't remember anything. If we prioritize and emphasize the key points to remember, the result will be very different. If you want to remember the terrain, you only need to find out the positions and ranges of the Ethiopian Plateau, the East African Plateau, the South African Plateau, the Congo Basin and the Sahara Desert in the map of Africa, so not only are the terrain features of Africa dominated by plateaus and sloping from southeast to northwest easy to remember, but these terrain areas are also difficult to forget.
2. Use maps skillfully and compare memories.
Only by contrast can we agree, and only by contrast can we highlight the commonness and individuality of different directors. In geography learning, it is intuitive and effective to use maps skillfully to compare and remember. Compare with the map, observe the distribution of three kinds of topography in South America, and compare with the topography in North America: the western part is a high mountain system, and the eastern part is a low plain and plateau (mountain). The similar topographical features of the two continents are obvious on the map. However, North American plateaus (mountains) and plains are basically distributed in the north and south columns, while South American plateaus and plains are basically distributed alternately in the latitude direction. Different terrain performances will also be deeply engraved in my mind.
3. Associative memory with the help of maps
There are various related relationships between geographical knowledge, and geographical association is a way to understand, remember and recall clues. There are many ways of association. For example, from the figure, we can see that the location of Chilappenqi in India is facing the southwest monsoon with more topographic precipitation, but it is related to the location characteristics of burning Laos and China with more topographic precipitation; Facing the topographic map of North America, we know that "the two sides are high and the middle is low, and the mountain plateau is mainly concentrated in the middle"; Seeing the evergreen tall plants, apes, rhinoceroses, crocodiles and other landscapes in the tropical rain forest can be associated with the tropical rain forest climate with high temperature and rain all the year round; See the Atlantic ocean current map, think of the Pacific ocean current system and so on. With the help of maps and associations, we can not only master the newly learned geographical knowledge, but also help to consolidate the previously learned knowledge and make it more memorable.
4. Graphic conversion, understanding and memory
Abstract and complex geographical relations are difficult to remember in comprehensive language, but it is easier to understand and remember in various charts. The description of "frost-free period" in textbooks is: "From the first frost in the first autumn to the last frost in the second spring, this period is called frost period. Except for the frost period, other periods of the year are frost-free periods. " If the chart below is designed to understand memory, it will be much simpler.
5. Multi-graph synthesis, conventional memory
In the process of studying geography and reading maps, you will get a lot of memory materials. Through these materials, it is very necessary to be good at arranging them into certain rules to enhance the memory effect. According to the world ocean current map, the ocean current systems of the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the South Indian Ocean are studied. These three ocean currents can be summarized as follows: all the low-latitude ocean currents in the three oceans (except the North Indian Ocean) have a complete circulation system, with the northern hemisphere flowing clockwise and the southern hemisphere flowing counterclockwise, with the east flowing cold and the west flowing warm. With sketches, your memory will be stronger.