1, jujube, also known as jujube, belongs to angiosperms, dicotyledonous plants, rhamnaceae and jujube. Its vitamin content is very high, and it has the reputation of "natural vitamin pill", which has the effects of nourishing yin, strengthening yang and enriching blood. Jujube is a temperate crop with strong adaptability and wide planting range. Jujube is known as "hardcore crop", which has the characteristics of drought and waterlogging tolerance and is the first choice for developing water-saving forest and fruit industry.
2. Huizao, also known as Xinzheng Huizao, has an obovate fruit, orange-red skin, small kernel and thick flesh, which is sweeter than ordinary jujube. Originated in Xinzheng, Henan Province, it spread to all parts of the country and is now distributed in Qiemo and other areas in Xinjiang. Huizao is named "Huizao" because Xinzheng Huizao is covered with a layer of frost before it matures and turns red.
The fruit of jujube is obovate, and the trunk is slightly thin and skewed. The average fruit weight12.3g, and the maximum fruit weight13.3g. The fruit shoulders are round, thin and slightly convex. The stem depression is small and medium depth. The top of the fruit is wide and round, and the top is slightly concave. The surface of the fruit is relatively flat. The peel is orange-red, changing from green to gray before white ripening, and from gray to white when entering white ripening.
The pulp is green and white, dense and crisp, juicy, with 30% soluble solids and an edible rate of 97.3%. Suitable for fresh food, drying and processing, with high quality. The drying rate is about 50%. Dry jujube pulp is compact and elastic, and can be restored to its original state after pressing, which is resistant to storage and transportation.
The nucleolus is small, with a kernel content of 4%~5%. In the producing area, it germinated in mid-April, began to blossom in late May and matured in mid-September. The fruit growth period is about 100 days.
This tree is of medium size and has a natural circular crown. The tree is strong, with an adult tree height of 6.5 meters and a crown width of 6 meters. The jujube rootstock is cylindrical, and its life span is about 10 years. Early fruiting age, high and stable yield. Young trees begin to bear fruit in three or four years after planting, and enter the full fruit period in about 20 years. Avoid rain at maturity, and it is easy to crack when it rains.
Xinjiang Ruoqiang jujube is produced in Ruoqiang County, Bayinguoleng region, Xinjiang, and is known as "Huaxia County". Ruoqiang covers an area of 200,000 square kilometers with a vast territory and a long history. Loulan, one of the 36 countries in the Western Regions, is located in its territory. It is famous for its thin skin and thick meat, small core, sweet and crisp, and long-term cooking into soup. It can be called a superior jujube.
Ruoqiang county has less precipitation, high temperature and dryness, rich light and heat sources, long frost-free period and large temperature difference between day and night, which is especially suitable for the growth of Ruoqiang jujube. The unique light and heat resources and the huge temperature difference between day and night have made Ruoqiang jujube an unusual quality. Ruoqiang jujube has thin skin and thick meat, full fruit, tender meat, high sugar content, sweet and mellow taste, tender and refreshing meat, soft and sweet, and rich nutrition.
Jujube produced in Ruoqiang County is thin and fleshy with good meat quality. High-quality fresh dates are sweet, crisp and delicious when they bear fruit; The dried jujube is dark red in color, soft and sweet in meat, rich in flavor, moderately elastic and full of aftertaste after eating. If pregnant women eat Ruoqiang red dates, they can replenish qi and give birth naturally; If pregnant women eat Ruoqiang red dates, they can replenish blood and nourish milk; If the old man eats it, he will stop coughing; If children eat them, they will enhance their health.
According to historical records, jujube is a traditional famous specialty tree species originating in China. Archaeologists found jujube fossils in the cultural site of Khan Lee, xinzheng city, which proved that jujube has a history of more than 8,000 years in China. As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, people began to brew jujube wine with jujube fermentation as a fine tribute to guests and friends. The nutritional and health-care functions of jujube were discovered and utilized in ancient times.
There is a record of "peeling dates in August" in The Book of Songs. There is a saying in the Book of Rites that "jujube, chestnut and honey are all sweet", which is used for cooking. "The Warring States Policy" states that "there are benefits of dates and chestnuts in the north ... food is the most important thing for the people" and points out the important role of dates in the north of China. Han Feizi also recorded the use of jujube chestnuts to save the people during the famine in Qin State. Therefore, people have always regarded jujube as one of "hardcore crops" and "woody food". Jujube has been used as medicine for a long time, and it has been recorded in Shennong Herbal Classic, which has been recorded in all previous dynasties, and the understanding of its health preservation and treatment has been deepened.
Up to now, jujube is still regarded as an important tonic. Li Shizhen said in Compendium of Materia Medica: Jujube is sweet in taste and warm in nature, which can tonify middle energizer, nourish blood and promote fluid production, and is used to treat "spleen deficiency, eating less loose stool, and deficiency of qi and blood". Eating jujube regularly can treat weakness, neurasthenia, disharmony between spleen and stomach, indigestion, fatigue cough, anemia and emaciation, etc., and the role of nourishing liver and preventing cancer is particularly prominent. There is a saying that "an eclipse of three dates keeps you young for a hundred years".