The so-called "Eight Banners" means that the flag camp has eight flags of different colors. These eight flags are divided into four solid colors: yellow, red, white and blue. The yellow flag on the red side is inlaid with yellow, the red flag on the yellow side is inlaid with red, the white flag on the blue side is inlaid with white, and the blue flag on the blue side is also all around, which is collectively called the "Eight Banners".
In the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), Qiying was stationed in Fuzhou. In the 19th year of Kangxi (1680), Fuzhou was appointed as the general and deputy commander-in-chief, and was in charge of the Yellow, White and Blue Flags. The troops were transferred from Hangzhou, with about 3,000 people, including 1' s pulling collar (four products), 8' s participating collar (five products) and defense (six products), and 12' s Xiaoqi faction (seven products). Later, due to the gradual consolidation of the ruling foundation, the Qing court adjusted the strength of Fuzhou and reduced it to 1096. Soon, Geng and his 1000 people were merged. Later, some soldiers were added one after another. After nine years in Qianlong (1744), there were 2,490 campers, each with 300 people. There are two types of troops: infantry and vest.
The Qing government has strict restrictions on the number of soldiers in the flag camp, and it is not allowed to increase the number of soldiers at will. Because the population of the camp is increasing year by year, many young people ask to be soldiers, but they can't. Resolutely implement the system of "picking vacancies" and strictly select and fill vacancies among many young people. Although people regard the children of the Eight Banners as lazy "dude", they are not. 422 yuan per vest per month, rice 1. Jabu has a large population and a difficult life, with 225 yuan of silver and 5 dou meters per soldier per month. Especially after boxer indemnity, the poverty situation in the country has become increasingly serious, and the living standards of flag campers have gone from bad to worse. Some people have to engage in sideline business such as planting mulberry, sericulture and textile, or do some business, while others make a living by pawning things. Some young people are forced to live, but they leave the islands in South Asia to find jobs. However, the authorities have strict regulations that the flag people are not allowed to leave the flag camp for 80 miles without permission, otherwise they will be beaten 40 times once they are found. However, the stricter the control, the more people fled, and the person in charge marked the word "death" on the household registration file to cope with the inspection.
Qi Yingbing Camp was originally located in the North Teaching Field outside the North Gate. Because of the low terrain, it is not suitable to be stationed there. Later, it moved to Shuibushan, Dongmen, Tangmen, Daqiankeng and Xiuyeli of Donghu Lake, with the earth wall as the boundary, commonly known as "Flag Street". The barracks building is very simple, all bungalows, no floor.
At the beginning, the weapons of the flag battalion troops were extremely primitive, only bows and arrows, broadswords, spears, broadswords and rattan armor (shields). Later, shotguns, rope guns and guns were gradually used (the big shotguns carried by the two men). The cavalry used to have more horses, totaling 2000, one for each soldier and two for each officer.
Although the flag soldiers are backward in weapons, they are still trained seriously. Infantry (infantry) mainly practice bows and arrows. The troops go to the "arrow path" (training ground) for training before 7: 00 every morning. Only when all five arrows hit the "enemy" (target) head every day can they be qualified. The vest (cavalry) is trained to shoot on the horse path, requiring "three shots with one arrow", "three shots with one arrow" and "hearts". Especially "three shots at a time" is not easy. How difficult it is to shoot with gunpowder on a running horse! The training content of "Pioneer" is more complicated. This team consists of 10 soldiers selected from various flags, with 80 soldiers. Training events include climbing over the wall, high jump, long jump, lifting stone locks (100 kg or more) and riding horses. Prepare for the battle. Usually it is the Eight Banners Fire Brigade (called "Eight Banners Fire Brigade"), which trains alone near Degui Lane. Seasonal training includes autumn exercises, artillery performances and horse management.
Autumn exercise belongs to the nature of exercise and is held once a year in the East Gate Foreign Teaching Field. The ceremony was very grand. Autumn practice only lasts for half a day, but it takes half a month to rehearse. The layout on the field is very particular. Horses and knighthoods with more than a dozen gold letters. It reads "Silence", "Avoidance", "Top Wearing", "Appreciating Wearing Hualing", "Title of the Minister of War" and "General Fuzhou". When entering the stadium, gongs and drums were loud and guns were rumbling. On a piece of rhubarb cloth, the words "General Zhenmin Fuzhou" were written, and the general walked eight bridges, which was impressive. The flag soldiers who participated in the exercise fired their guns in the tense drums, followed by equestrian and rattan performances. Fu Jia soldiers fought each other with spears and shields, short knives and long knives, which was wonderful.
Fireworks are held in early winter every year. At that time, officers and men of various flags gathered in Xikou Valley outside the East Gate to shoot with live ammunition, and the general was present for review. After the soldier saluted the general, the two men shot with guns. This is also a major event that must be done every year.
Ma Zheng, held in Luo Lu in early spring every year, has two main contents. First, investigate the martial arts of officers at all levels who assist, assist, prevent and send from Xiao Qi; The second is to check the fat, clean, set-up, practice "three shots with one arrow" and "three shots with one gun", and a registration substitute for the superior (if the assistant leads the team to be vacant, the superior will make up for it). Because horse politics is related to the future, all officials are fighting for it. The Qing army later had an "Eight Banners Victory Camp" in the flag camp in Fuzhou. It was after the Qing court was defeated by Eight-Nation Alliance in 190 1 and signed the "Xin Chou Treaty" with it that it wanted to maintain the decadent rule, so it ordered the whole country to compile and train new troops. After Ceng Qi, the general of Fuzhou, took office, he selected more than 1,000 young adults from the flag camps and organized them into two battalions, named "Eight Banners Victory Camp". As the name implies, they strive for a quick victory on the battlefield, and each battalion is divided into five posts (equivalent to the company): front, back, left, right and middle. The chief officer in charge of the two battalions is called the commander (equivalent to the head), and the assistant commander (deputy head) is 1, also known as the coach officer.
The weapon of Jiesheng camp is no longer a broadsword and spear, but a musket bought from Germany. At that time, for the Qing soldiers, it was a flying change. Fuzhou general Park Shou-kai, who was in charge of the military training of the battalion, began to learn German-style exercises, but he didn't know how to do it himself and didn't have the financial resources to hire German instructors. Later, he hired cheap Japanese to teach and learn Japanese-style exercises, and sent people to study in the Japanese NCO School.
People thought that the military quality of Jiesheng Battalion would be higher than that of other troops in Qiying Battalion, but this is not the case. Because most of the soldiers at all levels in the unified belt, pipe belt and sentry post are served by the original coordinated defense and coordinated defense, they are old and conservative, and do not feel more arrogant; Soldiers are lax in discipline and slow in freedom. Only concentrate on practicing for 2 ~ 3 hours every day. Some people can't even stand at attention, relax and walk. They just study all day by loading bullets. Some people don't know how to pretend yet. Usually they are scattered at home, but in collective life, the contradictions between officers and men, between superior and subordinate officers, and between the military and the people are very sharp. A sentry publicly called General Park Shou a big jerk. Soldiers gather in the bow room to practice martial arts every day. When you leave in the morning, you should either do some small business or engage in handicrafts. Drink and have fun when you have time, make trouble and hit people casually. /kloc-one day in 0/890, Ding Qi killed a Han Chinese, and General Xizhe made amends with a sheep and two jars of aged wine. Some businessmen went on strike angrily. People in Lion Bridge, Golden Gate Building, East Gate and Water Affairs Bureau near Qi Ying also organized young people to prevent "their children" from making trouble.
After the Reform Movement of 1898, some intellectuals in the flag camp knew something about the national political situation. Especially the Guangzhou Uprising and Wuchang Uprising happened one after another, and they realized that the revolution in Fuzhou was inevitable. Many people advocate compromise with revolutionaries, and peaceful settlement is the best policy. General Park Shoujian decided to fight the main battle. He believes that revolutionaries mainly come from other places. As long as we guard against death, it is impossible for the other party to rebel. In particular, he believes that Sun Daoren, the tenth town of the new army, is loyal to the court and absolutely reliable. He handed over seven important military sites in Fuzhou, including the east, west, south, north, Tangmen, Jingda and Ministry of Water, to ten towns for guarding. What is the tenth town that Park Shou regards as a life-saving star? The opposite is true. Revolutionary Party members such as Zheng Quan, Lin, Zheng Zuyin, etc. regard Ten Towns as the targets of revolutionary forces, and first develop league members among soldiers, and then work among middle and lower-level officers. After a period of time, they won most of the victories, and finally forced Sun Daoren, a Fujian navy and commander of the tenth town of the New Army (Teacher Street), to submit. Zheng Zuyin and Lin equals191165438+1On the evening of October 5, Sun Daoren was invited to a meeting on the plywood boat in Toujiang, Pugang. Also present at the meeting were Peng Shousong, Liu Tong, Huang Guangbi and gang leaders. In desperation, Sun Daoren officially joined the League at the meeting and expressed his firm support for the uprising. At this point, the new army, which accounts for half of the flag camp, has become a revolutionary armed force.
On the eve of Fuzhou's activities, Taoist Sun met Park Shou and advised him to "know the general situation, understand the overall situation and not be too stubborn!" Park Shou suddenly realized that Sun Daoren was under house arrest in the Department. After Song Shouzhi learned about it, he asked Park Shouli to be released immediately, so as to avoid the incident expanding and causing incalculable consequences. Park Shou disagreed, thinking that as long as Sun Daoren issued an order prohibiting troops from participating in the revolution, nothing would happen. At Song Shou's insistence, Park Shou had to release his grandson. At the same time, Park Shouyan ordered all households in the flag camp to prepare foreign oil, straw and lime. If the new army attacks, they will fight to the death. If necessary, they will collectively set themselves on fire. The battle for the recovery of Fuzhou began at midnight on June 8th1911. Up to now, more than 1000 flag battalion troops have not joined the uprising. But not ready to fight. At that time, the new army on the rostrum of the Ministry of Water played drums for trumpets, and then Yushan's artillery fired at the general department (now the provincial hospital). When the guns rang, the flag camp was in chaos. The family members who were at a loss fled everywhere, and most of them flocked to the greenhouse of the general's yamen to prepare for self-immolation. Some people committed suicide by jumping into wells. Rosty Yi, the first 10 town, concentrated the fire on the general headquarters, and some people mistakenly thought that the fire came from the Law and Politics College. Park Shousui ordered the recapture of artillery positions there, and temporarily pieced together more than 200 soldiers on Dongmen Street. Without any orders, half of them rushed to Fazheng College, and the other half went from 8 1 group to Wushan. Go back to the middle. Subsequently, fighting broke out in the east gate near Alex Gao Lane, Ji Shu Lane and Dadoucai Lane, and fires broke out in some places. ...
Simplicity thought that the tide was over, and he fled the General's yamen with the governor Derun and his family to Hedong Street, where he arrived at Yingmingyu's home in Mongolia. Many intellectuals in the flag camp are talking about it. Everyone asked him what emergency measures he should take. He was just depressed and didn't say a word After a while, he left everyone. The people present wrote on a huge white cloth: "The general has left and we will discuss the truce again." In the eyes of the revolutionary army, there is no need to "discuss", ignore it and continue to strengthen the attack. Soon, the other side waved the white flag of "willing to surrender" and sent generations to show that Yu and Wu had come to beg for surrender. The revolutionary army stopped fighting and ordered them to come and surrender. Subsequently, more than 300 officers and men of the flag camp gathered in Dongmen Street to surrender. Commander-in-Chief Xu Chongxin ordered them to lay down their weapons to participate in the fire fighting and collect the lost weapons.
Song Shou, governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, knew he was guilty. When he was taken to the headquarters of the revolutionary army, he swallowed gold and committed suicide. General Park Shou, who escaped, was executed as a prisoner. As a tool for the Qing court to rule Fuzhou dictatorship, the flag camp was completely eliminated.