First, the game import, stimulate interest
According to the hint given by the teacher, guess the relevant person.
(1) blind, deaf and dumb Americans "if you give me three days of light"
(2) Blindness in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province "Two Springs Reflect the Moon"
(3) The navigator made seven voyages to the Western Ocean and guaranteed three eunuchs.
(4) Longmen is more important than Taishan historical records.
Historical Records of Historian Longmen
Second, the introduction, the initial solution to the problem
1. Introduction: Sima Qian was a great historian and writer in the Western Han Dynasty, and he wrote Historical Records, also known as Taishigong Gong Ji. Historical Records is China's first biographical general history, which has a far-reaching influence on later historiography and is listed as the first of the twenty-four histories. Historical Records is also an excellent literary work. Lu Xun praised it as "a historian's swan song, leaving Sao without rhyme"
How was this great work born? Let's look for the answer in the text Sima Qian's Angry Writing Historical Records.
2. Read and ask questions after writing on the blackboard.
What does "angry" mean? How did he write historical records with indignation? Why did Sima Qian write historical records with indignation?
Third, read the text for the first time and be fluent.
1. As the saying goes, learning with questions is an effective learning method. Please read the text repeatedly in your favorite way to see who can read the text most correctly and fluently. Let the teacher see your expression.
2. Check preview and self-reading.
Ok, please read the new words first.
Torture unexpected troubles in prison.
Heavier than Mount Tai.
Shame spreads and mandarin runs out.
Default value:
(1) Tone: (The punishment is retronasal, and the shame is the fourth tone)
Horizontally, words have a second pronunciation, so when to read the fourth and when to read the second.
What does horizontal reading mean? What does horizontal reading mean? Unexpected wealth is a windfall, and accidental death is a violent death.
So what can we judge whether to read horizontally or horizontally? According to the meaning.
What does the horizontal mean here (accident)? Please mark it before reading.
(2) Meaning: Ask which word puzzles you the most. Say something
Gigi Lai (Show me the calligraphy sticker, students, please have a look. This is an official script, also called Li Shu, which is a China font and evolved from the simplification of seal script. Li Shu's strokes in Han Dynasty are relatively simple, and they are commonly used fonts in Han Dynasty. Our popular fonts today are generally regular script, and the characters in our Chinese books are regular script.
Mount Tai: (Look at the introduction of Mount Tai, why did the emperor worship Mount Tai and use the word "Mount Tai"? (Steady as Mount Tai, calm and peaceful, peaceful and peaceful) Why did he go to Mount Tai? This shows the position of Mount Tai in people's hearts.
(3) Form: (Which word do you want to remind you most),
Cool (a horizontal can not be less, because it is related to wine, the original meaning (strong wine flavor; Here, it is used to describe criminal law. This cruel punishment is corruption, that is, cutting off the male genitals so that men are not men and women are not women.
Official script is a common solemn font in Chinese characters, with a slightly flat writing effect, long horizontal drawing and short straight drawing, and pays attention to "silkworm head and goose tail" and "twists and turns" Official script is a common solemn font in Chinese characters, with a slightly flat writing effect, long horizontal drawing and short straight drawing, and pays attention to "silkworm head and goose tail" and "twists and turns" Official script is a common solemn font in Chinese characters, with a slightly flat writing effect, long horizontal drawing and short straight drawing, and pays attention to "silkworm head and goose tail" and "twists and turns" Official script is a common solemn font in Chinese characters, with a slightly flat writing effect, long horizontal drawing and short straight drawing, and pays attention to "silkworm head and goose tail" and "twists and turns" Official script is a common solemn font in Chinese characters, with a slightly flat writing effect, long horizontal drawing and short straight drawing, and pays attention to "silkworm head and goose tail" and "twists and turns" Official script is a common solemn font in Chinese characters, with a slightly flat writing effect, long horizontal drawing and short straight drawing, and pays attention to "silkworm head and goose tail" and "twists and turns" Official script is a common solemn font in Chinese characters, with a slightly flat writing effect, long horizontal drawing and short straight drawing, and pays attention to "silkworm head and goose tail" and "twists and turns" It originated in the Qin Dynasty and reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Calligraphy is known as "Han Li Tang Kai". Horizontal painting is long, straight painting is short, paying attention to "silkworm head and goose tail" and "twists and turns" It originated in the Qin Dynasty and reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Calligraphy is known as "Han Li Tang Kai". Words can be read. Put these words into the text. Can you read this text well? I have confidence, and I still have to have it.
Methods: There are many long sentences in this text. If you read these long sentences well, you will certainly read the text well.
Fourth, guide reading aloud and clarify the context.
1. Show long sentences and read them by name. If you read well, please say the method. (Note the pause)
2. Well, it was a great reading, a good pause, and the students were really smart. Let the students read the text aloud. Read the name out loud.
(1) Who likes to read the first section, evaluate reading and say why? Are there any words they don't understand in this section?
(2) Who likes to read the second section, evaluate reading and say why? Are there any words they don't understand in this section?
(3) Who likes to read the third section and say why? Are you moved? Are there any words in this section that people can't understand? )
(4) Who likes reading the fourth section? Why do you like to watch the fourth quarter? Are you happy? )
3. Who can talk about the main content of the article?
Five, the first solution to get angry, the first product to get angry.
1. Questions raised at the beginning of the communication class
Reading a book a hundred times is self-evident. Now you know what anger means?
2, the first product is angry.
Please comment. (Courseware display content)
Reading activity 3: Please comment. Please use an idiom to evaluate Sima Qian's deeds in writing historical records from your own point of view. Why use this idiom? Explain why. )
Next, please tell your deskmate what you think. Students communicate and teachers patrol.
I really like to see you serious. Please tell us your opinion.
Sixth, consolidate new words and guide writing.
1, painted red
2. After reading Pinyin, write the words in the workbook.
Information:
Mount Tai, the majestic Mount Tai, usually refers to the head of the five mountains in China, with the reputation of "the first mountain in the world", also known as Dongyue, one of the ten most beautiful and shocking famous mountains in China. Mount Tai is located in the middle of Shandong Province. Its natural landscape is majestic and tall. For thousands of years, it has been permeated and rendered by spiritual culture and set off by human landscape. Scenic spots include Tianzhu Peak, Riguan Peak, Baizhang Cliff, Xianren Bridge, Five Peaks, Xi hope people loose, Longtan Waterfall, Qiao Yun Waterfall and Santan Waterfall. Mount Tai was listed in the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List on 1987. For thousands of years, twelve emperors have come to Mount Tai to worship Zen (building an altar in Mount Tai to worship heaven is called Feng, and laying a foundation stone to worship heaven on Fu Liang in Shannan is called Zen). . Confucius left the admiration of "Climbing Mount Tai and Being Small in the World", and Du Fu left the eternal swan song of "Climbing to the Top, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky.". .
The origin of official script names. According to legend, a disciple named Cheng Miao was denounced and put in prison because he said a few words of dissent in private. That Cheng Miao thought: It's really hard to be in prison this time. If there is no special action to move Qin Shihuang's heart, there is no hope of survival. He happened to see the prison officer's waist tag and found it troublesome to write with seal script. So he reformed and created a sketch book for Qin Shihuang, hoping to be adopted and popularized. This font changes the complicated and tortuous strokes of seal script into simple and square strokes. The font is slender and square, tightening up and down, stretching left and right, and changing speed, showing a lively and diverse atmosphere, which brings great convenience to the writer. Qin Shihuang appreciated it after reading it. He not only pardoned his sins, but also made him an empire. However, because Xiao Zhuan has been promoted as a national common word, it is difficult to change it, so it is stipulated that this font will be used in official prisons in the future. Because this new style of calligraphy was originally used by officials, and Cheng Miao was an official, it was called official script, or Zuo Shu and Zuo Li.
Second lesson
First, the teaching objectives:
1, can read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally.
2. In the process of understanding and tasting the language, I feel Sima Qian's spirit of writing books with his father's entrustment in mind, bearing the burden of humiliation and anger.
Second, the focus of teaching: feel Sima Qian's unswerving spirit of putting aside personal honor and disgrace and fulfilling his father's wishes.
Third, the teaching process: (1) Review and introduction: What is the main content of this text? After more than two thousand years, Sima Qian's great and unyielding soul still shines. Let's travel through time and space, walk into Sima Qian, understand his true heart, and understand why he wrote Historical Records and why he was angry. What did he write in anger?
(2) Show thinking problems
Students' cooperative learning and teachers' itinerant guidance
Remind students to think while reading. You can circle the book with a pen or add notes. )
(d) Organize exchanges and video comments by teachers.
1. Why did Sima Qian write historical records?
Student: (1) Influenced by the cultural environment of his hometown, he has been interested in ancient heroic stories since he was a child. (Combine the sentences in the text.
"Sima Qian was born in Longmen on the bank of the Yellow River. From an early age, he watched the rolling Yellow River whizzing away from Longmen and listened to the stories of ancient heroes told by his parents. " (2) influenced by his father. Influenced by his father, Sima Qian studied hard and greatly enriched his historical knowledge. He also traveled around, made friends and accumulated a lot of historical materials. "As Lu You, a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said," On paper, I am superficial and know nothing. " )
(3) I found the answer from extracurricular materials: Sima Qian was deeply influenced and edified by his father since childhood. At the age of 20, he began to roam around the country, inspecting historical sites and understanding local conditions and customs, and then traveled around with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. These experiences have accumulated a lot of information for Sima Qian to write historical records in the future.
Teacher's comment: You are good at reading and drawing your own opinions from books; It's great that you can prove your point from extracurricular materials.
Teacher: (1) The surging Yellow River raised Sima Qian, and the heroic story touched Sima Qian. The cultural environment of his hometown influenced Sima Qian. Can you read well? Read by name. Read together. (Model reading if necessary)
(2) Reading thousands of books and taking Wan Li Road laid the foundation for Sima Qian's later writing. Where does the text say that he was influenced by his father? Let's read this article together.
(3) Father's dying entrustment (text 1)
First, how did my father command? Who will read it? Pay attention to Sima Tan's state and expression at that time.
B, how does he study? (Some students speak slowly when reading aloud), from which I seem to understand my father's dying appearance.
C. Introduction: My father's tearful exhortation is a pity, a regret, a spur, an encouragement, and a father's affectionate entrustment. Can you read well? Who will read it again and read Sima Tan's affectionate entrustment?
D, let's read together.
(Introduction) It is precisely because he loved this business since he was a child, coupled with his father's entrustment before his death, that he plunged into this history book without hesitation. But at this moment, there was an unexpected trouble.
2. Why did Sima Qian write historical records with indignation?
Health: (1), because of a sudden disaster, he was humiliated, and life was worse than death. I think: his writing historical records can alleviate his inner pain.
(2) Because he thought that the historical records were not completed, it was not worth his death. So he gave up the idea of death and became angry with the creation of historical records. I thought: If he hadn't been imprisoned at that time, he might not have written historical records.
(3), I think: geese stay in the sound, people die in name, Sima Qian angrily wrote historical records in order to make contributions.
(4) Because Sima Qian, who is physically and mentally exhausted, deeply knows that people are always going to die, some are heavier than Mount Tai and some are lighter than a feather. He is determined to write history books to realize the value of life.
(5) There are two reasons for Sima Qian's anger in writing Historical Records: first, he was tortured and suffered an unbearable blow to ordinary people; On the other hand, he is trying to realize his life value.
Teacher's comment: It can be explained by common sayings in life, which is very good and insightful. You are really good at learning and finding information.
Teacher: (1) is "unexpected trouble".
Teacher: Who will introduce unexpected troubles? Do you know what unexpected trouble means? Teacher: The torture suffered by Sima Qian was called "castration" and "corruption" at that time, which was regarded as a great shame. He wrote in an article: I was in a trance all day, never had the face to go to my parents' grave to pay my respects, and never had the courage to walk in the street. I can't sleep at night and often wake up from nightmares. I'm practically dead. There is a sentence in the article about Sima Qian's pain. Who will read it? From your reading, I fully realized how desperate Sima Qian was at that time.
Transition: However, the greatness of Sima Qian lies in his unusual choice in the face of such a huge blow. Why did he finally give up the idea after reading the text?
(2) Make contributions and realize the value of life.
I. Presentation (Text 2)
B, guide reading, read aloud, teacher's comment: Your reading made me see a Sima Qian who swore to heaven; I saw a Sima Qian who buried his humiliation in his heart and made up his mind; I saw an indomitable Sima Qian in adversity; I saw a humiliating Sima Qian.
C. This passage reflects Sima Qian's outlook on life. Let's read together.
(3) Teacher's summary: Sima Qian angrily wrote historical records for two reasons: First, he was tortured and suffered an unbearable blow in his life; On the other hand, in order to realize the value of life.
Teacher transition: Sima Qian, who endured humiliation, wanted to realize his own value. At that time, his choice was to write historical records. So how did he write it?
You see, in the dead of night, Sima Qian is still writing historical records under the dim oil lamp. (showing pictures)
3. How did Sima Qian write historical records?
(1), production requirements:
(2) Please imagine and think quietly.
(3) Exchange reports.
(4) Summary: Yes, it can be seen that the time is long, the will is strong, the project is arduous and the writing is difficult.
Teacher: Students, do you know what future generations say about Sima Qian and his Historical Records? Mr. Lu Xun, a great writer in China, once commented on Historical Records (showing that "the historian is a swan song, and Li Sao has no rhyme"). His great patriotism and lofty personality will always shine with immortal light. He has made brilliant achievements in history and literature, showing a grand history of social changes for later generations. It can be said that brilliant masterpieces will be passed down from generation to generation! What do you want to say about Sima Qian's portrait? (Student evaluation) What did Sima Qian's angry writing of Historical Records inspire you?
(5) Summary: Students, through today's lesson, we not only learned the story of Sima Qian, but more importantly felt the spirit of Sima Qian. Finally, I want to encourage the old teacher Meng's words with my classmates! Show me, "Therefore, heaven will send a great task to Sri Lankan people, so we must first suffer their minds, work their bones and muscles, starve their bodies, and mess with their actions, so we can endure and get what they can't do-Mencius."