During the eight-year anti-Japanese war, China's army paid a heavy price. However, there is still no reliable data on how many Japanese troops the Kuomintang destroyed on the frontal battlefield, and even how many Japanese troops were destroyed in each battle, and there is no reliable record for reference. The reason why this happens is largely related to the fact that during the Anti-Japanese War, the generals of the national army fabricated the war situation, falsely reported their military achievements and paid their salaries. So how exaggerated are the achievements of the Kuomintang army in the Anti-Japanese War?

First, the second Changsha Battle

"The death toll has been exaggerated by 27 times."

△ The second Changsha Battle, the ninth theater, no less fake

1938 After the failure of defending Wuhan, the Japanese army occupied Wuhan, but the Kuomintang army claimed to have killed 200,000 Japanese troops. In fact, the total strength of the Japanese attack on Wuhan was only 250,000, and the total loss was no more than 65,438+10,000. At the military meeting held by the Kuomintang, Chiang Kai-shek reviewed the gains and losses of more than one year after the July 7th Incident, saying that "lying about the military situation" was a "shame" of the Kuomintang army and demanded that it be corrected. However, this has not reversed the bad atmosphere of fraud. 194 1 after the second Changsha battle, the ninth theater of the Kuomintang said, "More than 40,000 people were wiped out, 269 people were captured, and there were many spoils." Its official battle report "accurately" reported Chinese casualties 17426 and Japanese casualties 48327. However, at the third Nanyue military conference held after the war, Chiang Kai-shek angrily denounced the officers in the ninth war zone: "Even if there are not 10,000 prisoners, there should always be 1,000. If there are not a thousand prisoners, there must be a hundred! There aren't a hundred, there should be at least ten, and now you don't even have ten prisoners! How to live up to your responsibilities? " In other words, compared with the 269 prisoners in the official result, the ninth theater exaggerated the result of the second Changsha battle by more than 27 times. Not only big battles, but also some small victories are often exaggerated in foreign propaganda. After yenangyaung's victory, the National Government announced that the death toll of Japanese troops was 1200. But at that time, Luo, a senior general of the expeditionary force, reported to Chiang Kai-shek that the Japanese army had killed or injured about 500 people. In the diary of Stilwell, commander of the American Expeditionary Force, it is recorded that "the 38th Division reoccupied yenangyaung and killed 400 Japanese". That is to say, the number of Japanese casualties in yenangyaung's victory should be around 400-500, and this figure should be more real, rather than "1200 corpses" as stated by the National Government.

Second, add code layer by layer

The mythical "Battle Report" came into being.

On the surface, the Kuomintang Central Committee strictly controls the unhealthy trend of falsely reporting meritorious military service, but in fact it adopts the attitude of "turning a blind eye" and deliberately condones subordinates to cheat. Some Kuomintang generals recalled: "Sometimes, after the Japanese army captured a place, if it did not intend to occupy it for a long time, it would take the initiative to retreat. Every time this happens, the frontline generals will announce and publicize with' a great victory'. " In this regard, the Kuomintang Central Committee "knows it without revealing it. Instead, it is taking advantage of the trend and adding fuel to the fire. " Sometimes, even the central organs of the Kuomintang actively encourage and require subordinate troops to falsely report their achievements and publicize them with exaggerated figures. According to Zhao Xiukun, then chief of staff of the National Army18th Army18th Division, "In the middle of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Military Command of the Military Commission of the National Government ordered the troops to pay 10 for casualties in the battlefield and kill or capture the enemy, and the number of troops increased accordingly, so the mythical" battle report "appeared".

Subordinates should follow the example of their superiors.

The wind of falsely reporting military exploits is getting worse.

Officers from top to bottom are lying, and the highest level is no exception. After the Battle of Taierzhuang, the commander of the theater reported to Chiang Kai-shek that the number of enemy fighters was more than 20,000. When Chiang Kai-shek announced it to the public, the data became "more than 30,000 people were killed or injured in the battle. More than 0/0000 rifles, 93 light and heavy machine guns, 77 infantry guns, 40 tanks and more than 50 cannons were seized, and countless enemies were captured. I have wiped out the main forces of the enemy's Banyuan and Fan Gu Division. " 1946, the Chinese Army General Command published Eight Years of Anti-Japanese War written by He, who was the commander-in-chief of the Army during the Anti-Japanese War. According to statistics, during the eight-year Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese army suffered 2410.85 million casualties (including 483,700 deaths), the logistics force suffered 340,000 casualties and the air force suffered 4,280 casualties. According to the statistics of the Japanese army after the war, the number of casualties on the battlefield in China is 6.5438+0.33 million, which is still the sum of the two armies of the state and the people's guerrillas. In the late period of the Anti-Japanese War, the wind of falsely reporting the meritorious military service became more and more fierce, and even some obvious and absurd mistakes often appeared in some war situation reports. 1944, the national government announced that the "Heng Chang War" had achieved important results, including the killing of Japanese Major General Hashimoto Yanjiro. In fact, Da Qiao's rank is Colonel, and his troops did not participate in the Hengyang War. He was killed not in China but in Guam.

Comment on the history of war, blow the meritorious military service for promotion.

Some people think that in wartime, in order to boost morale and people's hearts, the warring parties often exaggerate the results and minimize losses in foreign propaganda, which has existed in wartime propaganda in various countries. Similarly, the top management of the Kuomintang also aims to "boost morale", "boost people's hearts" and "win foreign aid", exaggerating the results, thus facilitating publicity. However, it is undeniable that in the Anti-Japanese War, the national army became more and more "false and exaggerated, and defeated to win". In addition to inspiring people and seeking assistance, the most direct purpose was to seek personal gain. The traditional feudal promotion method of "rewarding according to merit" was adopted in the Kuomintang army, and many officers used meritorious service as a springboard for promotion. In order to be promoted smoothly, junior officers do not hesitate to cheat, and superior officers can also benefit from it. After Yu Hanmou reported the so-called "Peyo Jiegan" Battle Report on 1939, his boss Zhang Fakui reported it to the Central Committee on the grounds that "since Yu Hanmou claimed that he had made meritorious service, I naturally didn't want to fight with him". So I used' Sister Peyo' to recommend Yu Hanmou to succeed me as the commander of the war zone. "As a result, Yu Hanmou and Zhang Fakui were promoted while boasting about the meritorious military service. Since people who falsely report their exploits will not be punished, they can be promoted, saving time and effort without taking risks, then others "why not?" Fake journalists ignore national laws and military discipline, abandon morality and put personal interests first. For those generals who tell the truth without exaggeration, not only are they not praised, but they are regarded as "inflexible" and even "ignorant of current affairs". What's more, during the Anti-Japanese War, the people were very dissatisfied with the retreat of the Kuomintang government and army. In order to consolidate the rule of the Kuomintang, Chiang Kai-shek and senior and middle-ranking officers were eager to win the hearts of the people and needed some great achievements to maintain their face. Only when subordinates report more exploits can the central authorities instruct newspapers and radio stations to publicize them, so it is natural to falsely report exploits.

Falsification is a common occurrence, and the battlefield depends entirely on speculation.

The act of falsely reporting military exploits may have a positive effect in a short time, but it will also bring very serious consequences and long-term negative effects. Even Xu Yongchang, head of the Military Department of the Kuomintang Military Commission, was heartbroken. He once said indignantly: "It can be said that our soldiers are shameless to lie about the results." Due to the prevalence of lying about military intelligence and the false operational data reported by subordinates, it is difficult for superiors to obtain real battlefield information, so they have to rely on estimation and speculation to judge the truth and falsehood while copying. The subordinate exaggerates the facts, which easily gives the superior an illusion and often overestimates the combat capability of the troops. Chiang Kai-shek often estimated the number of casualties announced by the Japanese army as 10 times. For example, in May of 1938, Japan announced that 59,098 Japanese soldiers had died since the war, while Chiang Kai-shek inferred that the actual death toll exceeded 590,000. 1940 in February, the Japanese radio claimed that Guangxi had annihilated 8,000 Kuomintang troops, while Chiang Kai-shek concluded that the death of the national army was "no more than 1,000, and the loss would not be too great". The Japanese army has gradually realized that many national armies will exaggerate the results of each battle and often consciously create illusions. Sun Tzu's Art of War says, "Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle", while falsely reporting your exploits will artificially distort information and affect your understanding of the enemy and ourselves. You can imagine the consequences of directing operations with wrong judgment. It is closely related to the repeated defeats of Kuomintang troops in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.

Reputation has been damaged and international aid has been repeatedly banned.

1July, 943, Chiang Kai-shek instructed his men to inform the international about the situation in Hunan and Hubei. Gu Weijun, then ambassador of the National Government to Britain, relayed the reactions of Britain and the United States: "The British side thought that the China Communiqué on the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was exaggerated, especially the number of enemy casualties was reported. This time, the enemy suffered 30,000 casualties, more than ten times. "The United States also criticized China for being" untrue "in handling war news." The general impression seems to be that China's high command over-whitewashes the war situation and is unwilling to admit setbacks, let alone admit defeat. " He also said, "Therefore, China's daily exaggeration of victory can only have the opposite effect on the American people. "... The falsification of the Kuomintang government and army greatly reduced the weight of the battlefield in China in the eyes of people in Britain and the United States, and caused repeated international aid activities. In a word, the fundamental purpose of the Kuomintang army's behavior of falsely reporting its exploits is to gain one side's personal gain. However, using this means to make a profit can only be cheated for a while. While benefiting some individuals in the short term, it corroded the body of the Kuomintang, caused greater and more business failures, and reduced international and domestic support and help. The army's false report on its military exploits has done harm to the Kuomintang itself, caused more difficulties and setbacks in the struggle against Japan, had a very adverse impact on the overall situation of the war of resistance against Japan, and ultimately harmed the fundamental interests of the country and the nation. Historically, the people's army led by China's * * * production party has been able to gain extensive support, constantly improve its combat effectiveness and defeat its powerful enemies repeatedly, which is inseparable from the spirit of always insisting on seeking truth from facts, which is in sharp contrast with the practices and results of the Kuomintang army. Mao Zedong once severely criticized the practice of false records, and made it clear that he should take a warning. In this regard, there have been many typical cases. For example, in the Battle of Menglianggu, all the troops reported the situation to the headquarters, and the commanders were busy holding celebrations and summary meetings. Commander Su Yu carefully and repeatedly checked the battle report, carefully calculated the detailed figures of the enemy killed, wounded, captured and scattered, and found that some figures did not match. He immediately raised his vigilance and ordered the troops not to relax and continue to look for the enemy. Finally, he found more than 7,000 enemies who gathered voluntarily after breaking up in a very hidden place and captured them. People praise and admire Su Yu.