2. The history of Gallenburg1From the 6th century to the early 20th century, British colonialists invaded and expanded abroad.
Britain is the largest colonial country in modern times, and colonies once spread all over the world. 1. Colonial Expansion in the Primitive Accumulation Period The British colonial expansion in this period began in the16th century and ended with the rise of the industrial revolution in the late18th century.
In the 1920s and 1930s, Britain occupied Saint Kitts and other places in the West Indies. By 1733, Britain had established 13 colonies on the east coast of North America. /kloc-in the 0 th and 8 th centuries, Britain began to compete with France for colonial hegemony. From 1689 to 1763, there were four wars between the two countries, each of which ended in British victory.
British colonies have greatly increased. 17 13, French Nova Scotia Peninsula, Newfoundland and Hudson River, West Gibraltar and Menorca Island all belong to Britain.
Especially because of the victory of the Seven-Year War, Britain not only won all the territories east of Canada and the Mississippi River, but also won Grenada, Saint Vincent, Dominica, Tobago and Senegal in Africa. Florida in Spain was also given to Britain.
The British East India Company, founded in 1600, is a British colonial institution in the East. From 65438 to 0757, Britain established its dominant position in Hindustan.
1767~ 1799 attacked four times and finally occupied Mysore. From 1803 to 1804, the resistance forces that defeated the Malates included Ketak and the fertile land between the Ganges and the Zhu Mu Na River (now known as yamuna river).
Britain also captured Sumatra (1784) and Malacca from the Netherlands. Cut Penang Island from Kedar Sultan (1786).
1668 ~1710/year, Englishman J. Cook visited the east coast of Australia and New Zealand, and Britain immediately immigrated there. Two. Colonial expansion in the period of industrial capital 1843~ 1849 Britain successively annexed Sindh, Kashmir and Punjab, thus completing the conquest of India and then expanding to the periphery of India.
1814 ~1815 cut off the land in southern Nepal; 1824 and 1852 invaded Myanmar twice, merging Assam, Rakhine State and Danasalin into British India. 1864~ 1865, Darjeeling and Garenburg in Bhutan were merged into British India.
1824, the Netherlands was forced to assign Singapore to Britain and Malaya to the British sphere of influence. 184 1 and 1842, Brunei ceded Sarawak and Borneo to Britain.
1847 Brunei was "protected" by Britain. 1839, Britain occupied the port of Aden under the jurisdiction of Turkey.
1857 reoccupied Pirin Island. In Africa, Britain annexed Natal in 1843.
1808, 186 1, 1874, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Gold Coast became British colonies successively. Since 1764, the Malvinas Islands near the east coast of South America have changed hands in France, Britain, Spain, Argentina and other countries. 1833 ends up as British income (formerly known as Falkland Islands).
Britain was not satisfied with its economic aggression against China. After the two Opium Wars, China was not only required to pay compensation and open trading ports, but also cut off the land south of the border between Hongkong (1842) and Kowloon Peninsula (1860). 1857 After the Indian national uprising, in order to strengthen the rule, Britain revoked the administrative power of the East India Company in 1858 and changed India into a directly administered territory.
For Canada, Australia and New Zealand, Britain adopted immigration and colonial policies, making them vassals of its own industry. Colonial expansion in the period of financial capital after 65438+1970s, due to the unbalanced political and economic development of capitalist countries, Britain gradually lost its monopoly position in the industrial world, but its capital export and colonial expansion remained ahead.
1876, Britain named India the Indian Empire and continued to expand around it. 1876 occupied Balochistan province, 1878~ 1879 Afghanistan became a British dependency.
1886 occupied Mandalay and completed the plan of integrating Myanmar into India. 1887 declared that Zhemengxiong (Sikkim) was protected by it.
In the same year, the Netherlands Maldives was changed to British protection. Britain is based in India, spying on Xinjiang, Yunnan and * * * in China.
The plot to plunder Xinjiang was finally crushed by the Qing army. 1876, Yunnan was forced to open ports, open more commercial ports and expand consular jurisdiction. * * After 1888 and 1904 were invaded twice, Yunnan was forced to open up and recognize British consular jurisdiction.
Britain also took advantage of China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894- 1898 to lease ahava. In the same year, the North Kowloon Peninsula and its adjacent islands were forcibly leased for 99 years.
In the Malay Peninsula, after continuous occupation, the southern part of the Malay Peninsula fell into British hands. From 65438 to 0907, Britain and Russia divided their spheres of influence in Iran.
In Oceania, Britain occupied Fiji in 1874, and Papua was declared a protected area in 1884. 1893~ 1904 successively occupied Solomon, Tonga, Gilbert, Cook, Ellis and Phoenix Islands.
1906, he was in charge of new hebrides with the French. In the Mediterranean, the island of Cyprus was seized from Turkey in 1878.
Africa is the last continent carved up by imperialism. Britain obtained the most valuable part, 1868 and 1885, and Basutoland and Bettina were successively classified as protected territories.
1887 occupied Zululan, 1889 After the establishment of the South African company of C.J. Rhodes, it stepped up its plunder of Zimbabwe and the vast area north of the Zambian River. 1895 named this area Rhodesia. After fierce competition with Germany, France and Italy, at the end of 19, Cautrat, Somali, Ugandan, Kenyan and Zanzibar in East Africa successively became British protectorates.
1882, Egypt actually became a British colony. In the 65438+1980s, the Mahdi Uprising broke out in Sudan under the rule of Egypt, which drove away the British and Egyptian invaders and established its own country.
1899, this country was strangled by the British army and actually became a British colony. After Ying Bu War, Britain occupied two Boer republics-Transvaal and Orange.
19 10, Transvaal, Orange, Cape and Natal formed a new dominion-South Africa Federation. By the beginning of the 20th century, the world territory was divided up, with Britain accounting for the largest share.
1876, with a territory of 22.5 million square kilometers and a population of 25 1.9 million. By1965,438+04, the territory has increased to 33.5 million square kilometers, with a population of 393.5 million, which is equivalent to 137 times that of the British mainland and more than 8 times that of the population. Lenin called Britain "colonial imperialism".
In the First World War, Britain captured most of Germany's overseas colonies, and after the war, it was incorporated into the imperial territory in the name of mandate, in which southwest Africa was placed under the South African Federation and Tanganyika was directly controlled by Britain.
3. Hu Yisheng's historical prototype Hu Yisheng has no historical prototype.
Hu Yisheng is a character in the TV series The Battle of Yichang. He was originally a wounded soldier in the national army. Under the guidance of the underground party, he led the civilian armed forces, supported the Japanese army, delivered food and weapons and ammunition to the army, defeated the Japanese army in the Shipai War, and composed an anti-Japanese heroic song "The people's heart and the country have not lost".
Although the historical events in the play are true, the role of Hu Yisheng is fictional.
Extended data:
Character source:
The Battle of Yichang is an anti-war drama directed by Qi Xing and starring Joe and Tong Lei.
Based on two historical events, 1938' s "Yichang retreat" and 1943' s "Shipai War", the play tells the story of Yichang's anti-Japanese war from 1938 to 1943.
1938 Hu Yisheng, an anti-Japanese soldier who was injured after the martyrdom of Zhongshan Ship, came back to Yichang to recuperate, just in time for Yichang's evacuation. In the so-called "Eastern Dunkirk Retreat", Hu Yisheng met * * *, and under the inspiration of * * *, he actively organized all walks of life in Yichang to participate in the Great Retreat, which was miraculously completed.
While becoming a hero in Yichang, Hu Yisheng also won the love of Tujia sister Cheng Sisi. Subsequently, Hu Yisheng rushed to the battle of Zaoyi with Jiang Fang's army, and was deeply shocked to see Zhang Zizhong die defending Yichang.
After the fall of Yichang, Hu Yisheng pulled up a folk armed force, called Hongqi Camp, which was mainly composed of Tujia rowers, and constantly harassed and attacked the Japanese aggressors. 1943, the Japanese invaders launched the western Hubei campaign, aiming at the Shipai fortress on the Yangtze River in an attempt to win Shipai and threaten Chongqing.
Under the guidance of the * * * underground party, Hu Yisheng led the civilian armed forces, widely mobilized the masses, transported food, weapons and ammunition, and supported Jiang Fang's military operations. He defeated the Japanese army in the Shipai War, which was known as "China's Stalingrad Defence War", thus composing an anti-Japanese heroic song "Keeping the people's hearts and keeping the country".
Baidu Encyclopedia-Yichang Defence War
4. A brief introduction to the history of the 25,000-mile Long March From 1934 to 16, the Red Army crossed Du He, Jiangxi Province, until 1936, when the three main forces of the Red Army joined forces successfully. The Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants traveled from Jiangxi to northern Shaanxi for two years, and it passed through Wan Li, during which it experienced numerous fierce battles.
There is an encounter almost every day, 368 days on the March, and most of the remaining 100 days are spent in battle. According to Si Nuo, a famous American journalist, the Red Army climbed 18 mountains, five of which were covered with snow all year round. Crossing 24 rivers; Via 12 provinces; Occupied 62 cities; Break through the encirclement of 10 local warlords, except to defeat or avoid the chasing central army.
On average, an army and its trench team March 7 1 mile every day. It is almost a miracle to maintain such an average speed in one of the steepest areas on earth.
The historical story of stone arch bridge can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Wu's resistance to Vietnam was unexpected. The canoe attacked the Vietnamese army from three pre-drilled inland rivers, and finally it won. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, became a minister of the State of Wu, so there was the now well-known idiom story "Sleeping on a salary and tasting courage". Later, I crossed these three rivers with stones and came to the present Lihu Lake. These three rivers are Tangyuan River, Tang Xun River and Liangtang River, and three bridges are named after their rivers. Now only Tang Xun Bridge and Liangtang Bridge are left, both of which are listed as cultural relics protection units in Wuxi. There are only a few cornerstones left in the location of Tang Yuan Bridge. Fortunately, there is an ancient bridge over the Tang Yuan River. Perhaps the two bridges in Xunhe Liangtang, Bitang are even older. This is the bridge. Interestingly, the name of this ancient bridge is written on both sides, one is Gusheng Bridge, and the other is Qiu 'an Bridge, which probably means to seek abundant crops and keep peace forever.
The reporter saw that this ancient bridge across Tangyuan River is a traditional stone arch bridge. Except that the bridge deck is cement laid in recent years, the bridge arches are all made of ancient stones. Mr. Qian Lao said that in the past, he heard from his wife's great-grandmother that the bridge was originally built by a rich family because its cultivated land was separated by a river, which was not convenient for farming. The old man measured it carefully on the spot. The bridge is15.6m long, 2.4m wide, 2.3m in arch diameter and 4.6m in span. Because the bridge is not on the main road, the bridge deck is relatively narrow, mainly for pedestrians and bicycles, and cars can't pass, but the damage is not great. It may be older than Qingming Bridge, Tang Xun Bridge and Liangtang Bridge.
The three stone arch bridges on the Sanjiang River have a long history. In June, 2003, Tang Xun Bridge was listed as a municipal-level cultural relics protection unit in the city, and Liangtang Bridge was also reported by Jiangnan Evening News, which attracted attention. What is the fate of this stone arch bridge? Mr. Qian Zu expressed the hope that through the report, this ancient stone arch bridge located in the field will be protected and repaired, and the three ancient sister bridges will become the witness of history together. He also hopes that more people will pay attention to and protect ancient cultural buildings.
6. What's delicious and interesting in Gongshu District of Hangzhou? Gongshu section of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is the middle scene of Hangzhou section of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal from Wulinmen in the city center to the north along the canal.
Fuyicang is an important strategic reserve granary in Qing Dynasty, and it is also called "the granary in the world" with Beijing Xinnancang.
Shengli River Valley Street is located in Xiawan Lane of Canal, and there are many local gourmet restaurants nearby. It is one of the hottest food streets in Hang Cheng at night.
Fang Xinyi Commercial Street faces Xiawan Lane across the canal, which is a traditional commercial street in the north of Hangzhou.
Dadou Road Historic District is located in the north of Shengli River. It is a concentrated place for buildings, pedestrian streets and gourmet restaurants in Jiangnan water town.
The only temple dedicated to King Jinnaluo in Ji Xiang Temple is surrounded by Dadou Road block, and the Ji Xiang Ancient Pagoda in front of the temple is a cultural relic protection unit.
Beixinguan, also known as Daguan, has always been known as "Beiguan Night Market, Shilihu Villa".
Xiaohe Street Xiaohe Street Historical and Cultural District is located in the north of Hangzhou, at the intersection of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, Xiaohe River and Yuhang Tanghe River. It is bordered by Xiaohe in the east, Harmony Road in the west, Dachuan Temple in the south and Changzhengqiao Road in the north.
Chen Gong Bridge The oldest arch bridge on the canal in the old city of Hangzhou has always been the symbol of the end of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. "Arch" means welcome, and "Chen" means the emperor. As the name implies, this is the only place where Kangxi Qianlong visited Jiangnan many times.
Qiaoxi Zhijie is connected to Chen Gong Bridge in the west, hence the name Qiaoxi, a complex of ancient towns with water towns in the south of the Yangtze River, which is now a block with characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine.
China Umbrella Museum, located in the west of Chen Gong Bridge, is a special museum that uses historical industrial heritage buildings to display the umbrella industry (umbrellas are one of Hangzhou specialties).
China Fan Museum, located in the west of Chen Gong Bridge, is a special museum that uses historical industrial heritage buildings to show the fan making industry in Hangzhou (fans are one of Hangzhou's specialties and ancient tributes).
China sword museum
Located in the west of Chen Gong Bridge, it is a special museum that uses historical industrial heritage buildings to show the history of swords.
China Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal Museum, located on the east side of Chen Gong Bridge, is a museum dedicated to introducing the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.
Zhejiang Kiln Garden is located in the south of Shixiang Road and on the west bank of the Canal, and it is a ceramic creation base.
7. A brief introduction to the history of flying over Luding Bridge 1 935 On May 25th, the vanguard of the Long March of the Central Red Army-the Red Army 1 Division1Regiment successfully crossed the Dadu River in Anshun Field, Sichuan Province, and Chiang Kai-shek dispatched two brigades of the Sichuan Army to reinforce Luding Bridge. The Central Revolutionary Military Commission decided that 1 Division and Red Army 1 Corps cadres and regiments would continue to cross the river from Anshun Field and go north along the left bank of Dadu River, and the main force would go north from Anshun Field along the right bank of Dadu River, crossing the river in two ways and rushing to attack Luding Bridge.
On the morning of 27th, Red 1 4th Regiment, 2nd Division, led by its head Wang Kaixiang and political commissar Yang Chengwu, set out from Anshun Field, broke through the blockade of Sichuan Army along the way, and occupied160km by force after two days and nights. On the morning of 29th, it occupied the west bridge head of Luding Bridge. Luding Bridge is 100 meter long and 2.8 meters wide, spanning the surging Dadu River, with cliffs on both sides, and the east bridge head is connected with Luding City. Before the arrival of the Red Army, the 38th Regiment (1 Battalion) of Sichuan Army, which was guarding the city, had removed the planks on the bridge, leaving only suspended iron cables. At 16, 22 commandos, including Liao Dazhu, the 2nd company commander of the Red Fourth Regiment, braved the intensive artillery fire of the Sichuan Army, climbed the iron chain and launched an attack on the other side. When approaching the bridge, the Sichuan army suddenly cast a fire barrier, and the commandos bravely crossed the fire wall and rushed into Luding City to fight with the Sichuan army in the street. The follow-up troops went into battle in time. After fierce fighting, the Red Army occupied Luding City, one part of the Sichuan Army was wiped out, and the rest fled to Tianquan. At the same time, the Red 1 Division and the Cadre Regiment defeated the Sichuan Army and successfully arrived in Luding City to cooperate with the Red 4 Regiment in the bridge-fighting. Then, the main force of the Central Red Army crossed the natural barrier Dadu River from Luding Bridge, crushing Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to annihilate the Red Army south of the Dadu River.