catalogue

1. Example of College Entrance Examination: Views on the Rise of the West

2. Practice: Views on Western Missionaries

3. Exercise 2: Views on Globalization

4. Exercise 3: Sea Power and the View of Rise and Fall

5. Exercise 4: Views on the Imperial Examination System

6. Exercise 5: Comment on traditional political views

7. Exercise 6: Comment on the paradox of the 20th century.

Ex.: Comment on the material's views on the rise of the West.

20 1 1 Ningxia Volume 4 1. (12) Reading materials to answer questions

The rise of materials in the west once regarded the introduction of world history as a victory. This process began with democracy and philosophy, and the monarchy and chivalry in ancient Greece and Rome in Europe ended in Western Europe and North America after the Renaissance. Africa, Latin America and Asia are under military, economic and political control all over the world, and only when they encounter European exploration or colonization do they mention history and European contact and conquest.

More than a dozen historians generally mentioned the subversive understanding that Asia and its owners were world leaders 1500 years ago. Some historians believe that Europe lags far behind the world, and its civilization is only 1800, which makes it catch up with and surpass Asian countries. The sudden emergence of the west is relatively late, and the degree depends only on the events in Europe and is attributed to its civilization.

-Excerpted from Jack Godsey Tong's The Rise of the West from a European Perspective-World History (1500 ~ 1850).

Comment on Material's Viewpoint on the Rise of the West (12)

(requirements: comment on one or two materials; Clear point of view, combining history with theory)

, the basic essentials of the exam:

1. Question type: Comment question

2. Scope requirements: It is suggested that the material should choose one viewpoint or two viewpoints.

3. Answering requirements: the viewpoint is clear and the history and theory are combined.

4. Spatial range:1500-1800; Europe and Asia (typically Africa, Latin America and the East)

Second, the evaluation criteria:

Wait a minute. (12 ~ 10) ① The comments are close and the views are clear; ② Reasonably quote historical facts for angle comments; (3) The arguments are logical and clear.

Second-class (9 ~ 5) ① can combine comments with images, with clear thinking; (2) quoting historical comments; (3) The arguments are complete and clear.

Third-class (4 ~ 0) ① The deviation comment image is clear; ② No historical facts are cited; ③ The argument is unconvincing and clearly expressed.

Judging criteria, clear nuclear point of view, and critical angle.

Third, the analysis of this problem:

1. The ability to investigate this problem requires: to obtain interpretation information and use knowledge to demonstrate and discuss the problem.

2. The original historical characteristics of the rise of Europe-Comment on The Rise of Europe.

3. This topic involves the knowledge of curriculum standards and teaching materials: the establishment of new sea routes, colonial expansion and the development of capitalist world markets; The establishment and development of bourgeois representative system in Europe and America: the origin and development of western language spirit; The Historical Footprint of Science and Technology in the Modern World

4. The key to the examination of the topic: The proposer is obviously inclined to Jack Gore Des Tong's point of view, and thinks that the rise of the West is relatively late, and the main points are suddenly discussed.

Fourth, the material point of view:

1. The history of the rise of the West has brought victory.

2. Africa, Latin America and Asia only started to contact Europe in history.

3. 1500 former world leaders in Asia and East Asia.

Before 4. 1500, Europe was plunged into many civilizations in the world.

5. 1800 Europe catches up with Asian countries.

6. The rise of the West was relatively late and sudden.

7. The rise of the West is attributed to its civilization.

Optional parameters of the view, that is,

Verb (abbreviation for verb) annotation example-

1 distinct self-view (general argument): the rise of the west was late, and the degree was attributed to its civilization.

2 (Argument): The early colonial expansion of the West fell to highly developed countries such as Dongjia, and it could invade Africa and America in the16-18th century.

3 (argument 2): 65438+the rise of the West in the early 2009 century. The industrial revolution rapidly strengthened Britain's strength. 1840 the opium war marked the rise of the west.

4 (Argument 3): The rise of western civilization originated from the statement that Dongshe spread western science, technology, thought and culture in the Tang and Ming Dynasties.

Conclusion (echoing the general argument): It did rise before 1800, and civilization originated from other owners.

6. Conclusion: The basic essentials of answering classroom questions:

1 summarizes the material viewpoint and shows which material the viewpoint comes from.

2 Choose opinions, make judgments and confirm arguments.

Three paragraphs of discussion-

Paragraph: expressing opinions;

The second paragraph: the statement and demonstration of the argument (must be a general point of view);

The third paragraph: the statement and demonstration of argument 2 (it must be divided into two parts);

The fourth paragraph: the statement and demonstration of argument 3 (it must be divided into two parts);

The fifth paragraph: conclusion (if you can simply repeat the main idea, you must express the connotation, law, essence, essence and truth)

Exercise: Evaluate the views of western missionaries.

4 1.( 12) Read the column materials and answer the questions.

With the vicious expansion of the power of teaching China, the materials are becoming more and more domineering, escaping from the cover of government jurisdiction and teaching privileges in the name of teaching, advocating that Xi officials should remember to mention the amulet of bad people's religion, and taste the taste of traitors extorting money, bullying the lonely and weak in the countryside, occupying their wives, infringing on property and paying for office work to kill civilians ...; Yuxian said ... You teach Zhang Jingjiao, relying on amulets to run wild in the countryside, treat the people well, and even bully officials ... Every parishioner is raging in the countryside, and the villagers have deep grievances ...; The volunteers resolutely suppressed Yuan Shikai's memorial service ... The product of people's religion in the eastern province can be pushed back to the original reason, and the official failed to deal with it equally ... The arrogance of the people fueled Zhang's anger, and he became more and more arrogant. Seeing that the officials of the Qing court didn't know why, Zheng, Yu and Yuan realized that the civilians oppressed the officials and taught them to suppress the people's radical rebellion, which eventually brewed the rebellion of the volunteers.

Material 2: Training medical talents to meet the needs of hospitals 1866 Jia John set up a medical college to recruit people and renamed it South China Medical College. Jia John teaches anatomy, physics, internal medicine, surgery, chemistry, medicine and so on. Jiahan is building the first mental hospital1898 At the end of the 20th century, the United States and missionaries first established the nursing school of yiguang and its affiliated Rouji Hospital.

Comments on The Materials' Views on Modern Western Missionaries

Guidance: Step 1: Summary of materials: Representative materials of missionary powers invading China 2: Missionaries spreading advanced civilization in the West Step 2: Viewpoint analysis 1. Viewpoint analysis: The invasion of China by missionary powers represents the invasion of China by modern powers, nuclear control of the market, nuclear services, politics, economy and culture. Missionaries are required to serve the real economy under the banner of spreading Christianity. Analysis of the second point of view: missionaries spread advanced civilization, and missionaries spread the gospel to establish schools, hospitals, newspapers and magazines, all of which are aggressive services, denying the Ministry's desire to spread advanced civilization, changing the aggressive nature of the whole West and objectively spreading advanced civilization in the West. 3. Choice: representatives of missionary forces invading China. Step 3: Write a framework.

Example 1. According to the materials, the views of the representatives of missionary forces invading China reflect the essence of missionaries. 2. (Viewpoint) The missionary forces invaded China deeply. 3. (Viewpoint 2) The argument that missionaries accelerated the process of modern semi-colonization-politics destroyed the content of cultural sovereignty treaties; Interfering in the content of internal affairs materials; Material content of economic utilization; Social destruction of traditional moral materials. (Viewpoint 3) Missionary culture can change the nature of foreign powers' invasion of China and certainly play an objective and positive role; Discrimination of cultural aggression of great powers. (Summary) The main role of missionary China in modern times deepened the national crisis in China and was deeply involved in the capitalist world system.

Exercise 2: Answer questions about global reading materials.

Globalization is a buzzword nowadays. The acceptance and application of globalization on a global scale is changing and affecting the world. The wave of globalization of 6 billion people agrees that the anti-historical trend is impacting every corner and aspect of society, including the characteristics of the new historical stage involving economic, political and cultural issues as a whole.

Graham Thompson pointed out that globalization is actually the interdependence of ideas and new things in the past 30 years. To some extent, I revisited some topics with the characteristics of the heyday of the "gold standard"-Graham Thompson: globalization and the ability of domestic economic policies.

Roland Robert's Globalization explains the meaning of world compression: I completely use the word' globalization' to refer to the situation that the world has rapidly moved towards integrity since 1870 (although it shows an alternative road and counter-trend). I intend to directly demonstrate that the overall process of globalization (anti-globalization) is at least as long as the rise of so-called world religions two thousand years ago.

-Roland Robert: Globalization: Global Culture of Social Theory

Comments on globalization (12)

(Requirements: Be able to combine the theory of sudden history with writing smoothly according to the requirements of the topic)

The main points of guiding the far-reaching influence of globalization are: it is conducive to the global optimal allocation of resources and production factors; Accelerate the adjustment of the world industrial structure; Convenient; Promote the coordination of international relations; Solve some common problems faced by similar social development, provide favorable conditions and increase the gap between the rich and the poor; The wave of world economic development has increased; Progress leads to global crisis; Plus the contradiction of world development; Enhance the stability of world development; Global culture is facing challenges.

Exercise 3: Comments on the View of Sea Power and Rise and Fall

The rise and fall of sea power in the material world is controlled by the historical process of more than 500 years, and the pursuit and development of sea power to achieve long-term prosperity (Britain and the United States); The family suffered failure, even the luck declined (Germany); If the right of home and sea is maintained for a long time (Britain and the United States), it will soon rise, decline and change (Portugal, Spain and the Netherlands); The pursuit of sea power promoted the rise of the family. The root cause of the decline of the buried family (Russia and the Soviet Union) and the pursuit of sea power led to a long period of ups and downs, which is a profound reflection on the root cause-Liu Min's historical reflection on sea power and its rise and fall

Comment on the material's views on sea power and its rise and fall (12) (requirements: show the comments around the material's views, and clarify the combination of history and theory)

Guide:

General view: the relationship between the rise and fall of sea power and fate

Viewpoint: Developing sea power can promote the prosperity of Britain and America.

Viewpoint 2: The loss of sea power leads to traffic decline in Portugal, Spain and the Netherlands.

Viewpoint 3: It is easy to damage power and morality to challenge the hegemony of sea power by force.

Viewpoint 4: excessive development of sea power harms people's economy, such as Britain and the Soviet Union.

Conclusion: Moderate development of sea power can promote prosperity and safeguard the interests of our country and the world.

Exercise 4: Comment on the viewpoint of imperial examination system.

4 1.( 12) Read the material and answer the questions.

Benjamin Ai Erman, a double-hired professor in the East Asian Department of Princeton History Department, said: Although the imperial examination system 1905 abolished this tradition, it inherited the changes before the establishment of the imperial examination system in other aspects. Although its content has changed and its technology and regulations are still going on, I agree with the view that the imperial examination system is backward. I think the progress in the late Qing Dynasty was related to the Qing government, and everything related to the corruption of the Qing government should be abolished. Now I see that the imperial examination system was abolished and the actual imperial examination system was inherited in Sun Shan Examinations Institute, so as to modernize the imperial examination system.

Comment on the views of the imperial examination system in combination with the knowledge learned (requirements: clear views and clear combination of history and theory) (12)

Guidance: the second step is to refine the materials about the imperial examination system or two viewpoints; The second step is to make a brief judgment on the viewpoint; The third step is to analyze the author's intention to look at the problem from the perspective of his generation; The fourth step, combining with relevant historical facts, demonstrates self-viewpoint.

Exercise 5: Comment on Traditional Political Views

4 1.( 12) Read secular materials and answer questions.

Theocracy of material superiority, autocratic family system and its foundation; The first father controlled the ideological tyrant and led the established government ... the historical essence of spirituality has no history; If the monarch is overthrown and repeated, any progress can be achieved-Hegel (1822)

Material 2 Voltaire appreciates the organizational structure of the government: there must be more classes than the government imagined: all officials must pass several rigorous examinations before hiring some government-run institutions ... It is said that once people's lives and reputations are protected by law, Vantage ... Although the monarch abused his power and hurt several people he knew, the law protected several people ... Wisdom can think of a political organization better than politics-from Voltaire's On Customs.

Comment on the traditional political views of materials (12) (requirements: comment on one or two materials; Clear point of view, combining history with theory)

Guidance: the second step is to refine the materials about ancient politics or two viewpoints; The second step is to make a brief judgment on the viewpoint; The third step is to analyze the author's intention to look at the problem from the perspective of his generation; The fourth step, combining with relevant historical facts, demonstrates self-viewpoint.

Exercise 6: Comment on 20th century paradox.

4 1.( 12) Read the material and answer the questions.

The material changes are accelerating, and the tradition has to struggle to survive, so that its social relations and political relations are difficult to distinguish for the younger generation. Let them experience some changes and encourage new technologies to change their understanding. Even the war has not broken the pressure of world resources. Compared with the increase of population, the so-called consumerism is eager for material richness and economic growth, which makes the ball more ruthless.

It is forbidden to admit the paradox of the 20th century, and the frustrated hope in the century, accompanied by unprecedented progress and uncontrolled changes, has brought the world into a state of stagnation, utopia, moral decay, suicide crimes, democratic century dictators, century wars and century pacifism, which are lighter than before and have gained more wealth and influence in the world. However, today's rich people need to take care of the world. Although they are endowed with light power, globalization has broken some family frameworks, but they are encouraged to restore their historical identity, the rise of scientific secularism and the restoration of their religious beliefs.

-from [America] Philip? Felipe Fernandez-Al mesto's The World: A History (2nd Edition) (Beijing Publishing House, 20165438+May Edition, printed on 20165438+1October 3rd).

Comment on the material's views on the paradox in the 20th century (12) (requirements: comment on one or two materials; Clear point of view, combining history with theory)

Guidance: the first step is to refine the material or two viewpoints; The second step is to make a brief judgment on the viewpoint; The third step is to analyze the author's intention to look at the problem from the perspective of his generation; The fourth step, combining with relevant historical facts, demonstrates self-viewpoint.

Exercise 7: Option 4 1 Question

41.(13)191Tsinghua's predecessor, Tsinghua Hall, was born with the mark of national humiliation. At the beginning of the school, Tsinghua has been closely linked to the rise and fall of the family and the fate of the nation to answer questions.

Materials: James 1906, a school in Enoch, USA, wrote a memo to Roosevelt, claiming: Who can do education instead of youth, and who can gain spiritual and commercial influence from the efforts of saving face? 190765438+On February 3, American President Roosevelt announced: I will use my strength to help the masses educate and make them get along with modern cultural assistance gradually, and I will return half of the compensation to the government to send them to stay in the United States.

1908 1908 the two governments have drafted the rules for sending students to study in the United States: ... () 80% of the schools in law, politics, finance and normal schools, such as agriculture, mechanical engineering, mining, physics, culture, railway engineering and banking, should be set up in the Qing government style 1909.

Tsinghua Hall was founded by the Refund Office and was once called Indemnity School. Tsinghua said that Tsinghua, a monument to shame in Tsinghua, was even more fortunate to be ashamed ... Fortunately, Tsinghua was endowed with special rights and obligations.

-"Tsinghua is ashamed: the establishment of Tsinghua and Geng Mei's refund"

Material 2 Tsinghua adheres to the fine style of self-improvement, morality and carrying things, which is superior to the simple school spirit, rigorous, diligent, realistic and innovative.

According to the background of the establishment of knowledge school in Institute of Materials and the influence of the original shame monument of school spirit, this paper discusses the establishment of Tsinghua Hall (13).

Reference answer

4 1. Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China failed, and the humiliating "Xin Chou Treaty" was signed, which deepened the national crisis; (2) Geng Mi, who retired from the United States, established Tsinghua Hall in an attempt to attract the United States to stay and gain profits. Tsinghua don born with national humiliation (3)

Because it is easier to learn science, engineering and economics, it is better than the simple school spirit (3) (Answer the school motto)

Tsinghua said that the column of shame left a strong sense of responsibility and salvation, and forged a glorious tradition, because the fate of family and nation is closely linked. (3) Although Tsinghua was branded with shame, he eventually carried forward the revolutionary tradition and made great contributions to the development of science, technology and culture. (2)

Always seeking adoption.