In the 1940s, Daimler-Benz and Bayer Engine Factory in Germany equipped the fuel injection system on automobile engines for the first time. However, for various reasons, only mechanical fuel injection system was used on German aircraft.

In 1950s, Daimler-Benz of Germany equipped its Mercedes-Benz 300l car with a mechanical in-cylinder fuel injection system.

1953, Bendix company of the United States began to develop electronic fuel injection system. 1957, bendix company's electronic fuel injection system came out and was equipped on Chrysler cars.

In 1960s, due to the positive development of electronic technology, one country restricted the concentration of automobile exhaust, which once triggered the world energy crisis. Automobile manufacturers in various countries have made various improvements to carburetor, but they still can't meet the increasingly strict restrictions.

1967, Bosch Company of Germany developed jetronic electronic fuel injection system for the first time, and applied it to a Volkswagen vw- 1600 car, which was exported to the United States in large quantities and took the lead in reaching the emission concentration limit of some countries.

1973 Bosch Company of Germany introduced L-Jetronic electronic fuel injection system.

LH-Jetronic electronically controlled fuel injection system with mass flow control.

1979, Bosch Company of Germany produced the integrated control system of motronic digital engine, which integrates electronic ignition and electronic fuel injection.

1980, Ford, the American general company, first introduced spi single-point injection electronic fuel injection system.

With the development of new technology, there is a tendency to replace the traditional carburetor.

In 1980s, electronically controlled fuel injection system was widely used in automobiles.

According to statistics, the proportion of electronically controlled fuel injection system in 1993 is: US 100%, Japan 80% and Germany 98%.

The technology of electronically controlled fuel injection system has been adopted not only in cars, but also in various types of cars, which fully shows its strong vitality.

Electronic fuel injection replaces the traditional carburetor, which greatly improves the dynamic performance of the generator and increases the maximum output power of the generator; The control accuracy of high altitude combustion is the biggest advantage of EFI. No matter the environmental temperature = atmospheric pressure and other conditions change, or the unstable working conditions such as acceleration, deceleration and overspeed, or the hot and cold working conditions such as starting, warming-up, high-temperature operation and restarting, the generator can accurately obtain the air-fuel ratio that meets the requirements, thus comprehensively improving the service performance.

Under the stable working condition, the best exhaust purification effect can be obtained by using the feedback of oxygen sensor to control the air-fuel ratio and the function of * * * three-way reflector.

Under other working conditions, due to the accurate control of air-fuel ratio, oil can be supplied on demand and fuel consumption can be reduced.

The emergence of EFI technology is the result of the development of microcomputer control technology.

In the future, with the development of microcomputer function and control technology, generator control will develop in the direction of comprehensive centralized control, and electronically controlled gasoline injection device will be developed as the main component of centralized control system.

At the same time, with the progress of control theory and technology, the application and practicality of new control principles in electronic control technology will surely become an important development direction and research topic.

EFI engine is the development direction of automotive engines in China in the 2 1 century.

According to the Tenth Five-Year Plan of automotive electronic products, China will accelerate the development of automotive EFI system, abs and airbags during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period.

EFI system is the key assembly and system component of automobile products developed and cultivated in China.

At present, there are single-point injection and multi-point injection in domestic EFI system products, and the control methods are both individual control and centralized control, which has great development potential.

However, the localization process of key components is slow, the key processes of components need to be localized, and the central processor is in a state of overproduction.

China's goal is to reach the level of products and technology abroad in the 1990s after the Tenth Five-Year Plan.

2 development of electronic control engine

The early gasoline injection system adopted mechanical control mode and was applied to aircraft engines.

After World War II, gasoline injection technology was applied to automobile engines, but it was only applied to some luxury cars and racing cars because of its high cost and technical difficulty.

In 1960s, due to the rapid development of electronic technology and the influence of automobile emission regulations, gasoline injection technology was popularized to ordinary cars.

In 1970s, the energy crisis and the development of electronic technology made electronically controlled gasoline injection an important development direction of automobile industry. With the development of electronic technology, the electronically controlled gasoline injection system has experienced the development process from transistors and integrated circuits to microcomputer control, and from analog to digital.

65438-0967 developed the d-jetronic gasoline injection system for the first time on the basis of the patent of the German Bosch company bendix, and mass-produced it for the first time in the 1970s, which took the lead in meeting the requirements of California automobile emission regulations at that time and created the application history of the electronic control system for gasoline injection.

In order to improve the poor control effect of d-jetronic system when the working conditions change, bosch also developed l-jetronic electronic fuel injection system with mass flow control.

After that, l-jetronic system further developed into lh-jetronic system.

Lh-jetronic system can accurately measure air flow, compensate the influence of atmospheric pressure and temperature change, further reduce intake resistance, and have faster response speed and superior performance.

The development of large-scale integrated circuits and microcomputers has created favorable conditions for the birth of an integrated control system with the best comprehensive performance index of automobile engines.

From 65438 to 0979, Bosch began to produce the integrated control system of motronic digital engine, which integrated electronic ignition and electronic fuel injection. This control system can comprehensively control air-fuel ratio, ignition timing, idle speed and exhaust gas recirculation.

Subsequently, the world's major automobile manufacturers have successively launched their own products, including general efi system and tbi system, Ford's eec system, Chrysler's cfi system, Nissan's eccs system, Toyota's tccs system, Mitsubishi's ect-jet system and Lucas' ems system. At the same time, automobile sensors and special control chips have developed rapidly.

Before 1980s, gasoline engines mostly used multi-point gasoline injection system. 1980, GM developed the tbi system with simple structure and low price for the first time. The system adopts low-pressure injection, which meets the requirements of laws and regulations at that time with lower injection pressure and fewer injectors, and has been popularized and developed rapidly.

1983, Bosch also introduced mono-jetronic single-point gasoline injection system.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, due to the further improvement of engine performance and structural requirements and stricter regulations, the multi-point gasoline injection system once again showed its advantages and regained its dominant position.

With the application of microprocessor in automobile, the primary task of the electronic control system of automobile engine is to determine the best characteristics of the engine system according to various performance indexes, and to automatically adjust and compensate according to various working conditions, environments and states, so as to make the engine always run in the best state.

At present, the main contents of electronic control are: fuel injection control, ignition and knock control, in addition to idle speed control, overspeed protection, deceleration and fuel cut-off, exhaust gas recirculation control, supercharging control, variable valve timing control, engine fault self-diagnosis and fault safety system.

3 development trend of electronic control engine

With the strict emission regulations and the rapid development of electronic technology, the electronic control technology of gasoline engine has made remarkable progress and laid a solid foundation in the automobile industry as a new technology.

At present, the development trend of electronic control of gasoline engine is still very strong.

The research and development of electronic control system of gasoline engine mainly shows in several aspects:

3. 1 controller With the rapid development of electronic technology, the controller of the engine has become more and more powerful while being miniaturized.

At present, the hardware of the electronic control unit is constantly enriched, the integration level is getting higher and higher, the speed of data acquisition, calculation and communication is constantly improved, and the transient change of combustion pressure can also be processed in real time.

Engine control is developing to integrated control, which is not only the control of the engine itself, but also the integrated management system of automatic transmission, active suspension and speed control.

At present, 16-bit computer has replaced 8-bit computer as the mainstream model of vehicle-mounted microcomputer, and is moving towards 32-bit computer, which will strongly support the development of more and more advanced functions of control system.

3.2 The development trend of sensors is miniaturization, integration and intelligence, which can automatically compensate temperature and voltage and automatically recover the performance degradation caused by long-term use; It has the functions of self-diagnosis and self-repair, directly outputs digital signals and simplifies the control unit; The sensor itself has strong anti-interference ability and enhances the reliability of the system.

At present, the development of new sensors mainly focuses on the development of combustion data sensors and the detection of engine output parameters.

3.3 The practical application of new control theory in engine control highlights the development of control software. The control theory of gasoline engine moves from open-loop control to closed-loop control, from optimal control to adaptive and self-learning control, and finally to neural network intelligent control.

In the future, the development of control software is mainly manifested in several aspects:

(1) developing control algorithms for new variables;

(2) Simulation research of development control algorithm;

(3) The simulation and application of the outside diagnosis expert system and the inside control system are studied.

The development of a new generation of electronically controlled engines includes:

A) Study on lean-burn technology of gasoline engine;

B) Research on in-cylinder direct injection technology of gasoline engine.

In a word, electronic control plays a core role in the development of engine control.

In the future, with the development of various social needs and new technologies and materials, the electronic control of engines will develop in the direction of high precision and miniaturization.

Baidu netizen, thank you.