In the forty-fourth year of Wanli (16 16), Chen Yuan's soldiers were ready to participate in politics. Cai's camp sentry Rob and Miao Road are rugged, so it's hard to stop him from peeping. Please pay 40 thousand yuan to build a wall along the border. From Tongren to Baojing flood season, the mountain is more than 300 miles long, which will strengthen the border defense slightly. In the forty-second year of Wanli (16 14), Cai moved to Huguang to participate in politics. He was stationed in Chenzhou and then in Hubei. However, he asked Tang Xing to build this wall along the border because he failed to ask for the suppression of red seedlings and the change of state fortification. In the early days of the apocalypse, the An people in Guizhou rebelled. Hu, then the magistrate of Chenzhou, was promoted to the position of deputy commander of Chenyuan Wubei Road, and ordered the guerrilla Deng Zuyu to build a 60-mile-long side wall in the northern section to prevent seedling diseases as an important part of his grain transportation and seedling prevention affairs. three
There is no doubt that the side walls of Miaojiang built twice in Ming Dynasty are earth walls in various historical books of Ming and Qing Dynasties.
During the Hongwu period in the early Ming Dynasty, the imperial court established a health center system in Miaojiang, Hunan Province, and successively established Yuanzhou Health Center and Chenzhou Health Center, with "left, right and middle attached" 6; In order to protect the military and civilian propaganda and appeasement department, there were two long lawsuits in Wuzhai (that is, Phoenix Hall in Qing Dynasty) and Luoziping. After the year of the messenger relic (1399, the first year of his reign), thousands of soldiers and civilians in Zhenxi were set up and transferred to Chenzhou Wei, which was divided into ten miles:
However, Xia Sili quite abides by the Chinese law, but he often has disputes with Yongshun and has sent officials to discuss it for more than a hundred years. In the first six miles, the Miao people will be obedient. Yongshun Miao and Baojing Miao are enemies. Every time they persuade Liu Limiao to attack Baojing, they repeatedly ask for help and worry about the border. It was not until the eighth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1730) that Miao Zi was born in Liuli and Yong Sui Tang was built. In these two hundred years, people with Han nationality settled and colonized, and the indigenous Miao people gradually changed into people, which should be the same process of the development of Miao areas at that time. One of the results of this process is that the registered permanent residence grain controlled by local governments has grown from scratch. According to historical records, in the eighth year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1472), there were 1949 1 household and 127220 households in Chenzhou, and it increased to/kloc-0 in the seventh year of Zhengde (1565438). In the eighth year of Chenghua, there are more than 4007 hectares of land pools for officials and people in Chenzhou. However, Chenzhou Wei has cultivated 37 mu of 928 hectares and 22 mu of 365,438+0 hectares, and the amount of cultivated land in Yuanzhou Wei is not less than this. At 8 o'clock, people discussed the reclamation affairs in Miaojiang in detail:
The town is dozens of miles apart, and there are still houses within Tucheng. Out of the city, see the mountain, see people. However, the land in each outpost is fertile, and the water in the creek is enough for irrigation. It is advisable to make the people at each sentry, regardless of the residence of the aborigines, listen to their names, and follow the law of protecting Jia in counties and counties, with five households in each household, unite as rural soldiers, leave them in the land without owners, discuss reclamation on their own, and build a cottage in other sectors. Within ten years, although there will be a bumper harvest, grain tax will be exempted. At the end of each year, the sentry officer cultivates a few acres of land in Dingmou township, and the foreign official of Shenfu is the judge. This is a struggle. At the age of 18 every year, the rich city official is still among the sentry officials. Those who are best at persuading and reclaiming land will be invited in detail to win the Excellence Award as an encouragement. For a long time, when buildings are rich, houses will take place, that is, selecting and training people, living in peace, watching and helping each other, and taking precautions against the police association will achieve the goal of recruiting soldiers.
In the early decades of the Qing Dynasty, we consolidated the national foundation, destroyed Nanming and leveled San Francisco, and had no time to take care of the remote scenic area in a corner of Fu Nan. It was not until the reign of Kangxi that the construction of Miaojiang side wall was put forward and discussed twice as an alternative "once and for all" strategy to control and manage the frontier.
In the 19th year of Kangxi (1680), Liu Yu, then the supervisor of "patrol road seal" during the Miao rebellion in Chenzhou and Yizhou, was ordered to cooperate with relevant officials in the 25th year of Kangxi (1686). On the basis of on-the-spot investigation and interviews with the elders in the village, according to the frontier fortress biography collected by the Miao people, the creation and construction of the Miao frontier fortress wall in the next season are clarified.
In September of the forty-ninth year of Kangxi, the Tuge Song learned that the Miao Longdesi and others wanted to return to the territory, so please make Tuge boundary and Ganzhou under the jurisdiction of Tongzhi. I (Minister Tong Guokui, Ganzhou Tongzhi Jiang Jiayou, etc.). ) The Liu Li Miao people in Cha Zhenxi used to listen to Baojing's management, but now Long Desi is willing to compile households for the holy dynasty and return to Hanna's grain. It seems difficult to prevent them from returning to sincerity, so they are allowed to resume their business accordingly. However, Song was a local official, and he set up a flow official from his own town. He should order Miao people to be bound by local officials, Ganzhou to be under the jurisdiction of Tongzhi, and Chen to be under the jurisdiction of Chen, so that the people can be controlled and Miao people can be sanctified forever. 15
It seems that the growth of the power of the indigenous Miao people is promoting the land reform, and the local government is also using the power of the Miao people to weaken the power of the chieftain and enhance the direct control of the Miao society. In any case, in the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), Yongsui Hall was established, and in the following year, it is planned to build a earthen city in Jiduoping and a brick city in the eleventh year. 16 later, "people moved from the mainland, reclaimed land in recent years, and gradually felt rich." 17 in the early years of Qianlong, the contradictions and disputes between the people and the Miao nationality caused headaches for officials such as Yongsuitang and even the governor of Hunan. 18 Weiyuan, a native of Shaoyang, southern Hunan, has a deep understanding of the recent events in the village and has a simple and profound narrative:
At the beginning, Yongsui Hall hung a seedling nest, and there were seedlings everywhere outside the city. In a few decades, it occupied all the land owned by the people. When animals are poor, they bite, so the traitor Miao advocates "returning to his hometown by expelling guests", while the villages compete to kill hundreds of households. 19
During the Jiaqing period, Fu Nai had to move Yongsui Tangcheng to the garden (now Huayuan County) when he was managing the scenic area. 20
According to various documents, although the Miao area was not peaceful in Kang, Yong and Gan for more than 100 years, the words of Miao people's disobedience and court repression were endless. Where's the deer monster Hey? Is it a waste of money to pack jiaozi? 觥觥 5 觥 觥? ⒕? Hey? Does α Kang cause concern? Hey? Target invasion? Back in the sky? Did the emperor force you to make trouble? Hey, four fingerprints? Do you blow a sword with a zinc-tipped key? Dam? Architecture? The logo symbol "D" almost surrounds the whole seedling area of La 'er Mountain.
In the sixty years of Qianlong (1795), a "Miao rebellion" quickly spread in the Miao territory from the time when Deng, a Miao people of the Tang Dynasty, started to make trouble in Songtaotang, Guizhou, and lasted until the eleventh year of Jiaqing (1806). At the beginning of the Miao rebellion, although the Qing court sent famous officials to supervise the war and used officers and men from Hubei, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces, the Qing court had to face the reality and appointed Fu Nai, then prime minister of Fenghuangtang, as a member of Miao Border Affairs. Finally, after ten years of painstaking efforts by Fu Nai, the scenic spot finally settled. 2 1 In the process of planning Miao affairs, Fu Nai built a large number of bunkers and hundreds of miles of Miao side walls in the Qing Dynasty. According to "San Wu Ji" records:
At that time, Phoenix Hall ruled the town and became Miaochong. Knowing that Fu Nai was both civil and military, the Miao people became more and more arrogant, but it was difficult to stop. The local people defeated the strong with the weak. It was an exile of the Japanese, and Guo Qizhi belonged to the group, and Ding Zhuang was the key. More than a dozen bunkers have been fortified, and the horns have become more and more dense over the years. When the seedlings are infested, fight against resistance with all one's strength, and the villagers will carry out rescue. Repair it by fighting, and repair it by law, so as to prevent idleness in the near future and control the situation far away; Side walls are used to define boundaries, outposts are used to guard, fortresses are used to stop enemies, castles are used to gather families, bunkers are used to defend and fight, and they are used to contain and reduce. The side wall runs through the mountain stream, the side wall in the sentry post and the fort cross, and the bunker is suitable. Anyone who practices this number will use stones if he is near, stones if he is far away, earth if he is outside, guns if he leaves a hole, and digging a city in case of an accident. Another day, I warned my people and said, I can't lose it if I do it. There are three advantages: you can't get into the target, you can't burn a fire, and you can't steal things; Three stools, so we gather together, so we have a solid heart and a strong angle. People struggle to persuade, and everything is blocked. ..... (to Jiaqing four years) is the year when the bunker was built. Next year, the side wall will be more than a hundred miles long, and the seedlings can't get out by black fog. When each sentry raises a spear horn, you will know that there are policemen. Women, children and livestock have all returned to the fort, and martial law has been imposed for dozens of miles, so they can defend themselves and fight. 22
In this way, under the auspices of Fu Nai, Wu Ting County in Miaojiang has built "1 172" flood control castles, tunka, watchtowers, outposts, forts, doors and closed doors, and the "Phoenix Hall" has successively built long-walled trenches for more than1kloc-0/0 along the state hall. At the same time, it also vigorously promotes reclamation, "raising an average of one acre and self-control"; It started from its subordinates and ended in Ganzhou, Mayang, Luxi, Baojing and Guchangping ... with a total of more than 20,000 mu. " 24
This side wall of the Qing Dynasty is mainly made of stone. When it was relatively strong, it was not clearly recorded whether it was built along the former site of Fenghuang-Ganzhou section of Miaojiang earth wall in Ming Dynasty. In the following years, the side walls in the Qing Dynasty were not mentioned and emphasized again and again like the 380 inner walls in the Ming Dynasty. The description in a memorial in the early years of Daoguang predicted the fate of the side wall: the side wall initially raised more than 2,900 taels of funds from the annual renovation, which was managed and sold by Yongjing Road in Chen Yuan. In case of collapse, rebuild at any time. However, it is said that in recent years, reimbursement has been untrue, and various departments and counties have collapsed bunkers and other items. During the governor's visit, he only posted a little bit at the place where he passed. Besides, listen. It seems that year after year, it will not be wasted in the future. "