From 1843, 165438+ 10, 17, Shanghai, England, announced the opening of Shanghai, allowing British businessmen to rent land to live. This became the main basis for foreign powers to set up concessions in China in the future. Originally, there was a strict difference between concession and concession. The former is to lease the whole land to a foreign government for disposal, while the latter is only allowed to be leased to foreign investors. However, the powers stole the administrative, legislative and judicial power of the "mansion" and became a "country within a country", and the mansion became a concession. Foreign consuls have extraterritorial jurisdiction and consular jurisdiction that China can't ask, and in essence they become the highest officials in the concession. However, the powers are still not satisfied with the rights they have obtained, and gradually turn "permanent rent" into "absolute sale". At the same time, the powers continued to nibble and expand through the form of "cross-border road construction". By the beginning of the twentieth century, the two major concessions occupied most of Shanghai today. There are public departments and bureaus in the concession, and all kinds of government agencies are "complete", which basically moved the western management system to Shanghai. They built a complete urban public utility in the concession and set up industry and commerce. This made the concession the main base for its political, economic, military and cultural invasion and infiltration of China.
The following is the performance of their infiltration in all aspects.
1, urban architecture
Before the opening of the port, the buildings in Shanghai were completely traditional buildings in China, and most of them were concentrated in old county towns and suburban towns. 1843 after the opening of Shanghai, various western-style buildings have sprung up on the Bund. The development of modern urban architecture in Shanghai is a transitional period from neoclassicism to modern architecture in the history of western architecture. Therefore, the architectural style of Shanghai is deeply influenced by it.
The architecture on the Bund was not from China at the beginning, nor was it the "classical style" popular in the West at that time, but the "comprador style" popular in the Far East colonies. Holsey, an early Shanghai historical writer, said in "Soldi Beach": This is a square two-story building with no imagination and no art, but there are arcades and big windows on all sides, which adapts to the climate in Southeast Asia and meets the simple survival requirements of early foreign businessmen.
It was not until the 1980s that the buildings on the Bund began to be designed according to the popular styles and the highest standards in Europe and America at that time. Since then, the number of buildings in Shanghai has gradually increased: two floors, five floors, ten floors, seventeen floors ... and more and more magnificent: from European classical style, Renaissance style, mixed Chinese and Western style to Italian Baroque style, imitation Renaissance style, imitation classical style, and then to early modern style (Chicago school in the United States) and modern international architecture. In this way, Shanghai has become the "World Architecture Expo"
In the urban construction and development of Shanghai, there is a very distinctive architectural type, that is, luxury garden residence. This kind of architecture, from the early simple villa to the later modernist architecture, embodies the architecture of modern Shanghai. The following are the architectural styles of various periods and the main buildings on the Bund at that time.
The architectural style is characterized by the existing representative buildings.
Comprador-style square two-story building, mainly made of brick and wood, was originally Sheng Xuanhuai Mansion on Huaihai Middle Road.
Imitation of classical style, British and French classical brick and wood structure, No.79 Fenyang Road, former French director's residence.
The country villa adopts the exposed wood frame type, the original Hongqiao Road Sassoon Villa, and the herringbone roof.
Spanish-style open corridors and balconies facing south are suitable for Shanghai's climate, and the cost is low, at No.5 Shaoxing Road and No.389 Yongjia Road.
Nordic-Norwegian style, with concave-convex shape, high spire on the roof, yellow-green glazed tiles in China on the wall, slightly combining Chinese and western styles, and the original appearance of Mahler's former residence on Shaanxi South Road.
Three-dimensional appearance, free layout, three-dimensional effect, No.333 Tongren Road
Modernist design tries to make architecture flexible and dynamic. No.200 Huaiyin Road, formerly Yao Jia Garden.
List of main buildings on the Bund
Remarks on building name, completion time and architectural style
Asia Building 19 16 The Greek-like building is known as the first floor of the Bund.
Beneficial Building 19 16 Revival of the earliest steel structure building in Shanghai.
Shanghai Federation 19 1 1 Classical Architecture
Japan Post Company 1907 Early Modern Architecture
China Commercial Bank Building 1897 Gothic Building China People started the first bank by self-financing.
China merchants building of modern shipbuilding 190 1
HSBC Tower 1923 is the most luxurious building in modern Shanghai. It is a neo-Greek building, which combines the styles of imitating Greece, Roman classicism and Renaissance.
Shanghai Customs Building 1927 Advantages of Imitating Greek Architecture, European Classicism and Renaissance Architecture
Bank of Communications 1940 is a modernist style with a strong European classical architectural style, quite like Dongfeng Hotel, which is known as "Oriental London".
China-Russia Dawson Bank 19 10 Renaissance Style
Bank of Taiwan 1926 Modern Japanese Western Architectural Style
Zhonghui Hotel 1906 The oldest American building on the Bund.
Shaxun Mansion 1928 Early Modern Architecture
Bank of China Building 1937 China Building
Yokohama Zhengjin Bank 1924 Imitation of Greek Architecture
British Consulate 1873 is similar to the earliest building on the Bund, with Renaissance architectural style.
Jardine matheson 1926 imitates Greek architecture, which is a baroque classic.
Dongfeng Hotel 19 10 belongs to the architectural appearance of Renaissance, which not only imitates American classicism, but also refers to the Japanese Empire State Building, so it is called "Oriental London".
Gong Ji Hospital 1925 Modern Architecture
1, financial aspects
In the 80 years since opening to the outside world, from establishment to development to prosperity, and in the 1920s and 1930s, Shanghai's financial market has been complete, including not only interbank lending market and discount market, but also capitalist securities market and foreign exchange market at home and abroad. And the gold market. The prosperous financial industry makes Shanghai known as "new york of the East". In the table below, we can see that the banks in Shanghai are mainly concentrated in the busy streets such as Bund, Jiangxi Road, Jiujiang Road and hankou road. Jiangxi Road is called "China's Wall Street" because it concentrates most banks in China.
Major banks in modern Shanghai
Foreign banks and Chinese banks
Chinese name English name address name address
No.22, Bund, Bank of China, American Express Bank Jiujiang Road 158 American Express Company
Li Ruyin works for the Eastern Bank of America. No.29 Nanjing Road, Bund, Bank of Communications 14
No.342 Beijing Road, Central Bank, No.20 Bund, Belgian Foreign Trade Bank, Warburg Bank.
China Commercial Bank No.7 Bund Eastern Credit Suisse Bank No.29 Bund zhina, India
No.65438, Bund, French Concession of China-France Bank +0 No.50, Ningbo Road, Shanghai Commercial Savings Bank (Jiangxi Road)
No. Bund 18 of Indo-China Bank, No.26 1 of Sichuan Road, Shanghai Silk Industry Commercial Savings Bank.
17 No.37 Jiangxi Road, Far East Savings Bank, Bank of Jiangsu Province, AIA underwriter1
No.80 Jiujiang Road, No.5 Tianjin Road1,Chase Bank, USA, Xinhua Savings Bank
Dehua Bank, No.294 Sichuan Road, Zhejiang Industrial Bank 158 (Jiangxi Road)
Crops from Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank, crops from Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank. Zhejiang Industrial Bank (Jiangxi Road) No.230 Beijing Road 12
China Bank 186 Beijing Road Siming Bank (Jiangxi Road), No.240 Jiujiang Road.
Beneficiary Bank India Commercial Bank Limited Jincheng Bank, No.26 Bund, No.200 Jiangxi Road
No.36 Jiujiang Road, Mitsubishi Bank, No.9 Jiujiang Road 1 13, Mainland Bank
Mitsui Bank Co., Ltd. No.60 Jiujiang Road Mitsui Bank hankou road 1 10 Zhongnan Bank.
No.299, Sichuan Road, Bank of East Asia, new york National City Bank 4 1.
Guangdong Bank, No.52 Ningbo Road, No.255 Jiangxi Road, Bank of China, Netherlands
Bank of England p &；; OCBC Bank No.6, Bund, Jiujiang Road 120
Sumitomo Bank, No.69 Jiujiang Road, China Enterprise Bank, No.50 hankou road.
No.24 Bund, Yokohama Gold Coin Bank, Yokohama Gold and Silver Store
Bank of Taiwan Bund 16
2. language.
Pidgin English and Shanghai dialect are often used by western languages.
Pidgin English Correct English
Musk: Never mind.
Did he tell him?
No, I don't want that
They will (won't) do it
I don't understand my ignorance.
Pay me.
Let me see. Let me see.
The platform upstairs
downstairs
Goodbye, I'll pay for it.
Pay chow to serve food
Something I don't want.
Tip
No, Blump, it's not right.
Woji fish live fish
hurry up
That's my business.
Childbirth
be sorry
Let me know.
Pay two dollars. Give me two dollars.
Strip interpretation
telephone
camera
Cashmere and its fabric.
The original meaning of water repairing cement is cement, and Shanghai people often refer to cement land.
Cheese cheese
T-shirt
Tap water pipe switch
Koro edition Koro edition
The rigid white comprador life between China businessmen and foreign businessmen.
Replica
Lekang ball crown
Dober Double
Empty cents, a punk, nothing.
Red head three I said India patrols, because Sikhs often tie their heads with red cloth, and they often say I said I was on duty.
Foreman of Namovindi 1
Sauce sauce
Sofa sofa
Golf golf
Reprinted, hope to adopt.