Over the past 30 years, relying on China's kindness, single-mindedness and arrogance, he bullied my country, occupied my land, ravaged my people, blackmailed my property and waged war against English-speaking countries! War with France! Go to war with America and Japan! ?
Although the plot is romantic, the change of Gengzi is real, and the imperial edicts (war mobilization orders) issued by Empress Dowager Cixi to various places are also full of accusations against the great powers.
But this also leaves us with a question: A few years after the Sino-Japanese War, did the Qing Dynasty, which could not even defeat Japan, still have the courage to declare war on eleven countries at the same time?
One,
In fact, until the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the operation of the Great Qing Dynasty was still normal, but after this battle, it completely collapsed.
Liang Qichao once said this sentence:
Arousing the dream of our country for four thousand years began with the Sino-Japanese War. ?
It can be said that this war not only weakened the Qing Dynasty, but also awakened the people of the Qing Dynasty. The land ceded by treaty of shimonoseki far exceeds the sum of all previous wars. At this time, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty were unable to control people's speech, and the whole society was immersed in disappointment and even despair.
The boxer movement also rose from this time. As we said in the last issue, people don't think highly of the Boxer Rebellion. They think that Eight-Nation Alliance is attracted by them, and some even think that they are worse than Eight-Nation Alliance.
Don't really think that the boxers are so ignorant that they will believe those tricks. Actually, it's because we're not in that era. Is it because they can't find a way out, can't see the future, can't see hope, and really don't know what to do, so they will put this despair on them? Magic to protect the body? Up there.
Because of competing with the western church for benefits and catching up with natural disasters, people who could not survive joined the Boxer Rebellion and began to attack the church crazily.
Although the Qing army could not deal with the Japanese army, it was more than enough to deal with these unarmed people. So why didn't you suppress it at first?
Second,
It is because of the failure of reform!
At the earliest time, the Westernization Movement was vigorous, and Shang Rong was full of Qing Dynasty, and even a term was derived, called? Tongzhi zhongxing? . However, with the end of the Sino-Japanese War, everything went up in smoke. At this time, some thoughtful literati were still not disappointed with the Qing Dynasty. They thought that the Qing dynasty could complete its own evolution, and the reform was one of the ways, but they were disappointed.
The Boxers of the Boxers seek a way out by holding a group, and they are also thinking hard about the way out, which will naturally lead to sympathy for the Boxers.
What does this mean?
It shows that the scholar-officials have been integrated into the bureaucratic system of the Qing dynasty and began to disobey the unified command of the Qing court, which also laid the groundwork for the later mutual protection in the southeast.
Because Zhu of the Boxer killed Bu Zhi, an Anglican missionary, Yu Xian, the governor of Shandong Province, was removed from office under the pressure of western powers.
Yuxian is not only a cruel official, but also an extremely xenophobic person. He told Empress Dowager Cixi and her ministers that the Boxer Rebellion was ok.
Later, when he was transferred to the governor of Shanxi, he was still extremely xenophobic and strongly supported the boxer movement against the church. After Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion, he led troops and worked hard. But after the Qing court made peace with Eight-Nation Alliance, it took him as the culprit, pulled him out to take the rap and cut him down.
Why did Empress Dowager Cixi listen to his words and change from suppressing to caressing the Boxer Rebellion?
Third,
Just because there are smart people and strategists in the Boxer Rebellion, they brought it up? Help clean up the ocean? Slogan!
You know, at that time, the Great Qing Dynasty was already in jeopardy, and the Sino-Japanese War was disastrous, and the powers accelerated the division of China. People all over the world often shout? Isn't Manchu China? , or? Drive out the Tatars and restore China? Slogan, challenge the rule of the Qing court.
There are so many people who suddenly support themselves that there is a great contradiction between Manchu and Chinese. What will the Qing court do at this time? Who can guarantee that if the encirclement and suppression campaign continues, the boxer movement will not develop into a second time? Taiping Heavenly Kingdom? ?
This is also the reason why the princes and ministers who held real power in the Qing Dynasty dared not order them to be killed. Yuan Shikai, as a Han Chinese, had no scruples and suppressed them at will.
More importantly, when Emperor Guangxu reformed, the reformists were backed by those western powers, and the western powers also hoped that Qing would adopt a constitutional monarchy in order to continue to do business and make money.
This time, the reformists stepped down, and all the people who came to power were die-hards and old-school, and they were deeply worried about the fiasco in the Sino-Japanese War. In addition, Empress Dowager Cixi intends to abolish Emperor Guangxu, and has been warned by western powers. Is there still room for her? Big brother? This incident was interfered by western powers.
Especially Zai Feng, the king of Duanjun County, was very upset because Emperor Guangxu could not be abolished and his son could not be emperor. When I heard about the Boxer Rebellion, what else? Magic to protect the body? , overjoyed, but also promote the joint boxer against foreigners.
In this way, the boxer entered the capital in a mighty way.