Tian Lei (? -258), also known as GongSunQi, was born in Qin (now northeast Shaanxi) county during the Warring States Period, and was a great strategist and commander in chief in the history of China. Together with Wang Jian, Lian Po and Li Mu, they are known as the four great generals of the Warring States Period. Qin, originally a small country in the western border, was reformed by Shang Yang, which laid the foundation for the country's prosperity. Since then, it has continued to develop its power and its national strength has been strong. When Qin Zhao was king, he appointed Bai Qi as a general. Bai is famous for his profound understanding and strategic planning. In the 13th year of the Qin Dynasty (in the first 294 years), Bai Qi became the commander-in-chief and led troops to attack Xincheng Han (west of Yichuan County, Henan Province). The following year, Zuo Shu moved to Zuogeng, sent troops to attack Korea and Wei, and used the method of avoiding reality and attacking emptiness. Divide-and-conquer tactics wiped out the allied forces of Korea and Wei in Yi Que (now Longmen, Luoyang, Henan Province), captured 240,000 heads alive, captured General Gong Sun Xi alive and captured five cities (see the Battle of Yi Que). Because of his work, he was promoted to captain of the national team. He crossed the Yellow River and seized the land of the main river east of Han Anyi. 15 years later, he was promoted to great merit, led the troops to capture Wei, and occupied 6 1 seat in large and small cities. In sixteen years, Tian Lei and Ke Qingshi jointly captured the city. Twenty-one years, Bai Qi attacked Zhao and occupied Guanglang City (now west of Gaoping County, Shanxi Province). Twenty-eight years, Chu, Yan, Deng and other five cities. The following year, Ying (now northwest of Jiangling, Hubei Province), the capital of Chu, was captured, and Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei Province) was burned. The king of Chu fled the capital and took refuge in Chen (see the battle of Yan Ying). The state of Qin takes Ying capital as the southern county. Tian Lei was made a state, and then he occupied the State of Chu and pacified Wu and Guizhou (now Sichuan and Guizhou) counties (see the Battle of Guizhou). In thirty-four years, Tian Lei led an army to attack the Zhao and Wei allied forces to save Korea, and defeated the allied forces in Huayang (now Xinzhengbei, Henan). Jiang Wei's mirabilite fled in defeat, captured three Jin generals alive and beheaded 130 thousand (see the battle of Huayang). He also fought against Jia Yan, the general of Zhao, and drowned twenty thousand soldiers of Zhao. In forty-three years, Leitian attacked Hongcheng in Korea, captured five cities and beheaded fifty thousand people (see Battle of Hongcheng). In 44, Tian Lei attacked Nanyang Taihang Road in South Korea and cut off the Taihang Road in South Korea. In forty-five years, he attacked the wild king of Korea (now Qinyang, Henan). When the wild king descended to Qin, Shangdang's road to the capital was cut off (Xinzheng, the capital of Korea, had to cross the river before Shangdang could reach Xinzheng). After consulting with the people, Feng Ting, the county magistrate, said: "The external road to Shangdang has been cut off, and we can no longer serve the Korean people. Qin Bing is approaching, and there is nothing South Korea can do. It is better to join Shangdang and go to Zhao. If Zhao accepts, Qin will attack Zhao angrily. Zhao's attack must be close to South Korea. If Han and Zhao unite, they can resist Qin. " So he sent someone to report to Zhao. Zhao Haoqi, Cheng Xiao, Pingyang Jun and Heping Yuanjun are considering this matter. Pingyang Jun said, "Don't accept it. The harm brought by accepting it must outweigh the benefits. " On the other hand, Ping Yuanjun thinks that there is no reason to refuse the land obtained for free. It will be good for us to accept it. Zhao accepted Shangdang and was named Hua Yangjun. In the forty-seventh year of Zhao Haoqi (260 BC), the Qin Dynasty sent Wang Shu, the eldest son of Zuo Shu, to attack North Korea and seize Shangdang. Shangdang people fled to Zhao, who was stationed in Changping (now Gaoping County, Shanxi Province) to appease Shangdang people. In April, the King of Yue attacked Zhao (see the Battle of Changping). Zhao sent Lian Po to resist. Zhao foot soldiers ordered Qin to denounce the soldiers, and Qin denounced the soldiers to chop Zhao Bijiang eggplant. In June, he defeated Zhao and captured two armies and four armies. In July, Zhao Jun built a wall to defend. Qin Jun attacked the Zhao wall again, took the second commandant, and broke the array to seize the Western Wall. The two sides were deadlocked for many days, and Zhao Jun suffered huge losses. According to the situation that the enemy was strong and we were weak and lost in the first battle, Lian Po decided to stick to the camp and prepare to attack Chi. Many times, Zhao did not send troops. The prince of Zhao repeatedly blamed Lian Po for this. In response to Hou, the Qin Dynasty sent people to take their daughters to pay bribes to Zhao. They used deviant methods to spread rumors and said: "What Qin hates and fears is Zhao Kuo, the son of Ma Fujun Zhao She; Lian Po is easy to deal with, and he is about to surrender. " The prince of Zhao resented Lian Po's defeat, suffered heavy casualties and earned Lian Po's stubborn refusal to fight. So he listened to rumors, sent Zhao Kuo instead of Lian Po as the general, and ordered him to lead troops to attack the State of Qin. After Zhao Kuo came to power, the deployment of rebelling against Lian Po not only changed the military system in the war, but also replaced a large number of generals, which made Zhao's combat power decline. When Qin saw Zhao Zhongji, he secretly ordered Bai Qi to be the general and Wang Bi to be the lieutenant. Zhao Kuo is arrogant, but he is afraid to start from scratch. The king of Qin ordered that "whoever dares to vent his anger on Wu Anjun will be beheaded." (Historical Records, Biography of Wang Jian in Tian Lei) Facing his reckless and arrogant opponent, Tian Lei decided to retreat to lure the enemy deeper and divide people's hearts. He ordered the border guards to take on the task of luring the enemy. When Zhao's army attacked, he pretended to be defeated and retreated. He deployed the main force in depth to build a bag-shaped position, and sent another 5 thousand troops to wedge between the enemy vanguard and the main force, waiting for an opportunity to split the Zhao army. In August, Zhao Kuo took the risk of taking offensive action without knowing the actual situation. Pretend to fail, and secretly spread his wings to build Indiana Jones to intimidate Zhao. By the time Zhao attacked the pass, Qin was ready, and the pass was strong and could not be entered. Tian Lei ordered Indiana Jones to attack quickly and cut the Zhao army into three sections. Zhao Jun separated from head to tail, and the route for providing foodstuff was broken. Send hussars to harass Zhao. Zhao's war situation was critical, so he had to build a wall to support reinforcements. When the King of Qin heard that the grain and grass supply of Zhao was cut off, he went to Hanoi to supervise the war, recruited Ding Congjun, a male over 15 years old, and awarded him the rank of civilian, so as to stop the reinforcements and grain of Zhao and fight against Zhao with all his strength. By September, Zhao Bing had been hungry for 46 days and even committed suicide. Desperate, Zhao Kuo regrouped his troops and divided them into four teams, which broke through in turn, but never got out. Zhao Kuo led a good soldier and was shot by Qin Jun. Zhao Kuo's army was defeated. 400,000 soldiers surrendered in vain. Tian Lei and others argued: "Qin conquered Shangdang before, and Shangdang people did not want to join Qin, but joined Zhao. Zhao Bing is capricious. If you don't kill them all, I'm afraid it will be a disaster in the future. " So he cheated and killed all Zhao's soldiers, leaving only 240 soldiers to report back to Zhao. In the battle of Changping, Qin Jun killed 450,000 prisoners of Zhao, which shocked Zhao. After the battle of Changping, he planned to attack Zhao. In October of forty-eight, the State of Qin pacified Shangdang again, and then the army was divided into two ways: one led by Wang Biao and attacked Picang (now Wu 'an, Hebei); Sima Geng captured Taiyuan all the way. Tian Lei will surround Handan. South Korea and Zhao were frightened, so they sent a large sum of money to bribe the corresponding princes of Qin. He said, "After Zhao's death, the State of Qin can claim the title of emperor. After Zhao's death, he captured more than 70 cities for the State of Qin, and also captured Zhao Kuo's troops in the south, Ying and Hanzhong, although none of them could surpass him. Today, if Zhao dies and the king of Qin is king, it will be fair. Can you be under Tian Lei? Even if you don't want to be in his position, it's impossible. Qin once attacked North Korea, besieged Xingqiu and was trapped in the Party. People who joined the Party flocked to Zhao, and all the people in the world felt very unhappy about it. Today, when Zhao was destroyed, the territory of the State of Qin extended to Yan in the north, Qi in the east, and Han and Wei in the south, but Qin did not get many people. It is better to let Han and Zhao divide the land and make peace, so as not to destroy Zhao Zhigong in vain. " So he asked Han and Zhao to cede territory for peace on the grounds that Guo was exhausted and anxious to recover from illness. Zhao Haoqi agreed. Han cut Yuan Yong, Zhao cut six cities for peace, and the soldiers did not fight in the first month. Tian Lei heard about it and made enemies with Fan Sui from then on. In September of that year, Qin sent troops again, making the tomb of the Five Chiefs attack Handan and Zhao (see the Battle of Handan). Just in time for Tian Lei to be sick and unable to walk. In the first month of the second year, the tomb attack on Handan was not smooth, and the king of Qin increased his military support. As a result, the tomb lost five captains. After Leitian recovered from his illness, the king of Qin wanted to attack Handan with Leitian as the general. Leitian said to the prince of Zhao, "Handan is not easy to attack. If the governors save it, they will send troops one day. The princes hated Qin for a long time. Today, although the Zhao army was defeated by Changping, more than half of the casualties were lost. Our army is far away from rivers and mountains to compete for other people's capitals. If Zhao fights from the inside and the princes coordinate from the outside, he will be defeated. Therefore, we cannot send troops to attack Zhao. " Zhao Haoqi failed to get the command line himself, so he sent Fan Sui to invite him. Tian Lei refused all the time, so he couldn't admit his illness. Beggars in Wang Zhao sent Wang Bi to replace the tomb as the general, and besieged Handan in August and September, but they could not attack for a long time. Chu sent Chun Shen Jun and Wei Gongzi Xin Ling Jun to lead hundreds of thousands of troops to attack Qin Jun, and Qin Jun suffered heavy casualties. Hearing this, Tian Lei said, "At the beginning, the King of Qin didn't listen to my plan. What now? " Zhao Haoqi was furious and forced Tian Lei to send troops. Tian Lei claimed that he was seriously ill, but he still refused to accept the disease at Fan Sui's request. As a result, Zhao Haoqi was relieved of his official position in Tian Lei, reduced to a soldier and moved to Yinmi (now west of Lingtai County, Gansu Province). I couldn't come because I was ill in Tian Lei. I lived in Xianyang for three months. During this period, the governors constantly attacked Qin Jun, and Qin Jun retreated one after another, followed by those in a hurry. The king of Qin sent someone to send Tian Lei away so that he could not stay in Xianyang. When he left Xianyang and went to Du You, Wang Zhao consulted with others. Tian Lei was expelled from Xianyang. He was dissatisfied and complained, so he might as well be put to death. So Zhao Haoqi sent messengers to get the sword and let Tian Lei commit suicide. Bai ups and downs sword said to himself: "Why am I guilty of heaven?" After a long time, he said, "I deserve to die." In the battle of Changping, hundreds of thousands of Zhao surrendered, and I was cheated to death. "(Historical Records, Biography of Tian Lei, Wang Jian) So he committed suicide. Tian Lei died in November, the tenth year of the reign of King Zhao of Qin (257 BC). It was not his crime to die in Tian Lei. The Qin people felt sorry for him, and all the towns sacrificed to him. Comments: Bai Qi is another great military commander in the history of China War after Sun Wu, and also the most outstanding general in the history of Qin. Tian Lei was good at fighting all his life. He fought in the battlefield for 37 years, defeated more than 70 cities and wiped out millions of enemies, laying the foundation for unifying the state of Qin. Historian Sima Qian praised Bai Qi for "unexpected enemy changes, which surprised the world" (Historical Records, Biography of Bai Qi, Wang Jian). Bai Qi's art of operational command represents the level of war development during the Warring States Period. Use your troops badly, be good at analyzing the situation between the enemy and ourselves, and then take correct strategic and tactical policies to attack the enemy. For example, in the battle of yique, we concentrated our forces and divided them one by one; Tao Xin's tactics in the battle of Yan Li were accompanied by water attack; The battle of Huayang was a long-distance attack. The battle of Changping lured the enemy away from the established position by pretending defeat, and then divided into encirclement tactics, killing 450,000 enemies, creating the largest example of annihilation war in the history of pre-Qin war, and it was also the earliest, largest and most thorough panic war in the history of China. Its scale and brilliant achievements are also rare in the history of world wars. The battle of Changping also reflected the development of the war itself. Leitian's operational guidance has three characteristics: first, it is not the only goal of attacking cities and seizing land, but the ideology of annihilation with the main purpose of annihilating the enemy's effective forces, and he is good at fighting in the field, which is the most prominent feature of Leitian. He is an unparalleled commander in chief who used panic tactics in the history of war. He is also one of the three military commanders who are best at fighting annihilation in the history of China War (the other two are Genghis Khan and General Su Yu). But it is very rare that Bai Qi advocated the war of annihilation more than 2000 years ago. Second, in order to achieve the goal of annihilation, the emphasis on the pursuit war and the fierce pursuit of the enemy are obviously a step forward compared with Sun Wu's "If you don't pursue, you will have yourself" and Shang Yang's "If you can't drive ten miles north, you will win a big victory" (Shang Jun Shu Tactics X). Third, pay attention to field fortifications, first lure the enemy out of fortified positions, and then build fortifications in the expected enemy-killing areas to stop the enemy and prevent its breakthrough. This kind of operational guiding ideology with fortifications as auxiliary attack means was unprecedented at that time. However, those who start well may not end well, and those who fail will be jealous and eventually die by their own hands, such as Wu Zixu and Li Mu. Refer to Baidu information, hehehe.