Queen Victoria is the longest reigning monarch in British history, reigning for 64 years. She was the first British monarch to be called "Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Queen of India". Her 63 years in office (1837- 190 1 year) was the most powerful so-called "the sun never sets" period in Britain. The reign of the Queen, especially after 185 1 year, is called the Victorian Age in British history. Her 60 years in office coincided with Britain's transition from liberal capitalism to monopoly capitalism, unprecedented economic and cultural prosperity, and full development of constitutional monarchy, making Queen Victoria a symbol of peace and prosperity in Britain. Queen Victoria, daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent. He ascended the throne on 1837 at the age of eighteen. At the beginning of her accession to the throne, she actively participated in politics, cooperated with Viscount Ram of Melbourne (1779- 1848), tended to Whigs, and was incompatible with the Tories. After 1846, the Queen and her husband Prince Albert resolutely opposed palmerston's foreign policy, forcing palmerston to resign. In the later period of his administration, he turned to the Conservative Party and became close friends with Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, actively supporting his colonial aggression policy. Victoria became queen of India in 1876. 188 1 year, after the death of Prime Minister disraeli, he began to trust Salisbury and Chamberlain. 1887 and 1897, the United Kingdom held grand ceremonies to celebrate the 50th and 60th anniversary of the Queen's accession to the throne, and held an imperial colonial conference on the occasion of the gathering of representatives of various imperial territories in London, so as to consolidate the rule and internal unity of the British Empire by using the Queen's reputation. During the Victorian era, Britain changed from an ordinary European country to a powerful empire. Queen Victoria and Prince Albert had nine children, almost all of whom were married to prominent aristocrats at that time, and the children of these nine children were almost all over the royal families in Europe, so Queen Victoria was called "the grandmother of Europe". Let's introduce her nine children in chronological order. 1. Queen Victoria married the Prince of Prussia (later Friedrich III), her son was the famous William II, and her daughter Sophie was the Greek queen. Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII of England) married Princess Alexandra, the eldest daughter of Danish King Christian Ⅷ. Their second son was later King George V, and their daughter Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria was the king of Norway. 3. alice maud mary, married to Ludwig of Heisenberg. Their youngest daughter was the queen of the last Russian czar, another daughter Irene married the son of alice maud mary's sister, and the only son married the daughter of Prince Alfred, alice maud mary's younger brother. Prince Alfred married Princesse Marie, the daughter of Russian Tsar Alexander II, and their daughter Mary was the Romanian queen. 5. Princess Helena married Christian, Duke of Schleger-Holstein. 6. Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar, married to john campbell, Duke of argyle IX of England. 7. Prince Arthur married Princess Margaret of Prussia, and their daughter Princess Margaret was the Crown Prince and Princess of Sweden (she died before her husband succeeded to the throne), while the son of Princess Margaret of Sweden became the future king of Sweden. Her daughter was the mother of Danish Queen Margrethe II and Queen Ingrid, named after her mother who died early. 8. Prince Leopold married Princess Helen of Waldock and Piermont. 9. Princess Beatrice married Prince Henry of Baden-Powell, and their daughter Princess Victoria married Alfonso XIII of Spain, who became the later queen of Spain and the grandmother of the current king. So in the history of the British Empire (now the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), there were two kings, Victoria and Edward. Victoria is the great-grandmother of Queen Elizabeth, Edward is the grandfather of Queen Elizabeth, and Victoria is Edward's mother. This is the most glorious period of the British Empire's external expansion. In order to expand its territory, Britain did not hesitate to use all means. 1857, the competition between Britain and France for the dominance of the Suez Canal reached a feverish level, but a clever plot made Britain gain the controlling stake in the Suez Canal, and France had to give in. The following year, India was added to the territory of the British Empire colony, which is a jewel in the crown of the British Empire. Britain also made Russia's victory in the war against Turkey from 1877 to 1878 almost go up in smoke. At that time, the Russian army was only one step away from Istanbul, and Russia and Turkey signed an agreement to transfer some land in the Balkans to Russia. Victoria doesn't want to see Russian troops infiltrate the Balkans. She used military and diplomatic pressure to force Russia to make concessions. During the reign of Queen Victoria, the British economy grew rapidly and became prosperous. When the Queen ascended the throne, there were only a few railways in Britain, but when she died, Britain already had a developed railway network connecting major cities. In order to show Britain's prosperity and strength, the first World Expo opened in London in 185 1 and became a world event at that time. In terms of culture and science, Charles Dickens, a world-famous English writer, and charles robert darwin, a British naturalist, are the most important figures in the Victorian era. Due to the continuous development of economy and industry, Victorian Britons gradually enjoyed the convenience of life brought by scientific and technological progress. The sewage system in London and the incandescent lamps on the streets of London were both realized during the reign of Queen Victoria. 189 1, that is, ten years before the Queen's death, Britain had implemented free education for all children. In the Victorian era, although Britain was a constitutional monarchy, Queen Victoria still had great influence on ministers. During her reign, the British empire expanded extremely and reached unprecedented prosperity. The Opium War, which deeply influenced China's history, also happened shortly after her accession to the throne. Today, many rivers, lakes, deserts, waterfalls, cities, ports, streets, parks, schools and buildings in the world are named after Victoria, including Victoria in Australia, Victoria City in Canada, Victoria Memorial Hall in Singapore, Victoria Park in Hong Kong, Victoria, the capital of Seychelles, and Lake Victoria, the largest lake in Africa. Queen Victoria's name symbolizes an era. During the reign of Victoria, the British people were United as never before, and Britain became a powerful empire, which continued to grow and develop. This is the best legacy left by the Queen to the British, and it is also the most powerful evaluation of her life achievements. Few women sitting on the throne can perform the duties of the queen and have such ordinary happiness like Victoria. The period of her rule, especially after 185 1 year, is called the Victorian era in British history. Her 60-odd years in office happened to be the transitional period from the rise of British liberal capitalism to its peak and then to monopoly capitalism. Britain is extremely powerful, with unprecedented economic and cultural prosperity, great development of science and art, and a fully mature constitutional monarchy. Queen Victoria's name has become a symbol of peace and prosperity in Britain. Queen Victoria has a distinct personality and sincere nature. She is loyal to her duties and has the ability to govern the country; She spends her time not only at work, but also at home. She is loyal to her husband and strict with her children, and has become a model for a generation. Her unremitting efforts not only made British literature, art, science and economy prosperous, but also made British lifestyle (such as afternoon tea of British aristocrats) become the object pursued and imitated by people all over the world. Many British people miss the Victorian era. After the current Queen Elizabeth retires (or abdicates), who is the most likely next king of England? It's her son Prince Charles.