1June, 840, the Sino-British Opium War broke out. /kloc-in August of 0/5, the British invading army fleet crossed the Shandong Sea from the north of Zhejiang, and the governor of Shandong Tuo was ordered to lead troops to Dengzhou to supervise the defense. /kloc-in September of 0/7, the Qing court ordered the coastal governors that foreign ships did not need to fire when passing by. /kloc-on 0/8, Tuohunbu sent people to present British cattle, sheep and vegetables. This year, bibliophile Yang Yizeng built the library "Haiyuan Pavilion" in Liaocheng, which was one of the four private libraries in the late Qing Dynasty. In summer and autumn this year, 62 counties such as Dezhou and Liaocheng suffered from floods. Another 20 counties were affected by drought. Grain output has decreased by more than 50%. [editor]? The main projects of German invasion of Shandong: Cao Zhou religious plan and Jiaoao lease treaty? During the period of 1867, German geographer Richthofen thought that JIAOZHOU Bay had excellent shipping conditions, and if a railway from Qingdao to Jinan, the provincial capital, could be built, mineral resources along the route could be easily obtained. 1896 12 14, German Ambassador to China Hai Jing (He? Baron? Feng? Heyking) formally proposed to the Qing government to lease JIAOZHOU Bay for 50 years as a "coal storage station", which was rejected by the government. 1 897165438+10/day, a religious case occurred in Cao Zhou. Two German missionaries were killed in Juye County (now Heze City), the capital of Cao Zhou, and Germany took the opportunity to send warships to occupy Jiaozhou Bay on 165438+ 10/4. 1On March 6th, 898, Li Hongzhang and Weng Tonghe, on behalf of the Qing government, signed the Sino-German Jiaoao Concession Treaty with German Ambassador to China Hai Jing in Beijing. According to the treaty, Germany leased Jiaoao (now Qingdao) for 99 years, built two railways from Jiaoao to Jinan, and obtained the mining rights within three miles along the line. Germany gives priority to undertaking various affairs in Shandong province, with a total of three ends and ten items. Subsequently, the land lease contract of Jiaoao was signed on August 22, and the beach contract and border contract of Jiaoao were signed on June 6, 65438, confirming the German occupation.

[editor]? The main projects of British invasion of Shandong: carving up China and renting special goods in Ahava? 1898, Britain forcibly leased Ahava. 1900, the Office of the Chief Executive of Ahava was established, which was under the British Colonial Department. ? After World War I, Germany, as a defeated country, unconditionally handed over Jiaozhou Peninsula and Qingdao, but under the control of Britain and other countries, these areas were handed over to Japan.