Ancient Greece was a city-state area, so many different political systems were practiced and developed in this area. Some city-states in ancient Greece pursued the monarchy like Sparta and concentrated their sovereignty in the hands of the king. Some city-states practice democracy like Athens; Others are ruled by parliaments controlled by nobles or a few people. Although ancient Greece was located in a narrow area, its political system developed in a wide range of time. Ancient Greece experienced the evolution of nobility, democracy, oligarchy and tyranny only through the division of political system. What is particularly prominent is that the democratic political system in ancient Greece was one of the earliest attempts of direct democracy by ancient humans, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations.

In the Hellenistic era, political thoughts were replaced by authoritarian regimes, and monarchs usually called for theocracy or semi-theocracy. Alexander the Great ruled Egypt as the son of God, and was honored as a god in Greece. After his death, Hellenistic countries followed suit. This situation was more obvious in the period of the kingdom of Ricas and Ptolemy dynasty. Antioch Ocuss IV Epi Phanes, the monarch of the Serbian Ricas dynasty, ruled Syria with the title of "Epi Phanes"; Ptolemy used the name "Theos" when signing imperial edicts, but the situation in Macedonia was not as obvious as the above two.