The coal produced in the world is mainly used as fuel for power stations and industrial boilers; Used in coal chemical industry accounts for a certain proportion, mainly coking and gasification coal. In 1980s, the annual output of coke and coal tar in the world was about 340Mt and 16Mt respectively (naphthalene extracted from it was about 1Mt). Coal tar processing products are widely used to make plastics, dyes, spices, pesticides, drugs, solvents, preservatives, adhesives, rubber and carbon products. 198 1 year, the total output of synthetic ammonia in the world is 95.3 million tons, mainly from oil and natural gas. Ammonia production from coal only accounts for about 10%; The proportion of methanol synthesized from coal is also very small, accounting for only about 1% of the total methanol production.
American Coal Chemical Industry 1984 American coal uses 7 17.7Mt, of which 5.5% is used for coking, reaching 39.5 mt Benzene, a by-product of coking, accounts for 9% of the total benzene production, and vinyl acetate produced by calcium carbide and acetylene accounts for 8% of the total benzene production. 1984 In the United States, a plant for producing high calorific value city gas by methanation of brown coal gasification was built, with a daily processing capacity of 22kt of brown coal and a gas production capacity of 3.89Mm At the same time, many new technological tests were carried out in coal gasification and liquefaction.
Coal Chemical Industry of the Federal Republic of Germany 1984 The coal used in the Federal Republic of Germany is 84.8Mt (excluding lignite), coking coal accounts for 32.6%, which is 27.6Mt, and the annual output of coal tar is about1.4 mt. The coal tar produced by coke ovens of national iron and steel enterprises is concentrated in five tar processing plants to produce more than 500 chemicals. The chemical industry of calcium carbide and acetylene has made great progress, and there is still improvement in technology at present. Some new progress has also been made in the study of pressurized gasification and direct liquefaction of coal.
Japan Coal Chemical Industry 1984 Japan * * * Coal106.9 mt. Because its iron and steel industry is very developed and metallurgical coke such as ironmaking is in great demand, coking coal accounts for 66%, which is 70.5 mt, and the annual output of coal tar reaches 2.4Mt, which provides all industrial sources of naphthalene. Vinyl acetate produced from calcium carbide and acetylene accounts for 23% of its total output.
South Africa's coal chemical industry South Africa is the region where there are still indirect coal liquefaction plants in the world. There are three synthetic liquid fuel plants, Sasol -I, Sasol -II and Sasol -III, which process about 33 million tons of coal every year, produce millions of tons of gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, and produce hundreds of thousands of tons of by-products, such as gaseous hydrocarbons, ethanol, ammonia and sulfur.
Centralized development
As an important part of China's energy structure, coal energy plays a vital role in ensuring China's energy supply security. As a powerful means to realize the efficient utilization of coal resources, coal chemical industry is directly related to the national energy strategic development plan. Therefore, according to the analysis of world coal chemical industry analysts, we must fully understand the development status of coal chemical industry in China, and make clear the development trend of coal chemical industry, that is, to promote the large-scale and intensive development of coal chemical industry on the basis of ensuring efficient and clean utilization of coal resources.
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the domestic economic structure will continue the trend of heavy chemical industry development, and the national economy's demand for energy consumption will continue to grow steadily. It is predicted that the domestic energy consumption pattern dominated by coal will be difficult to change in the short term, and coal consumption will basically keep pace with the national economic growth.
The development of new coal chemical industry can partially replace petrochemical products, which has important strategic significance for ensuring national energy security. China's dependence on foreign countries for oil and gas is increasing day by day, and the proportion of oil imports has exceeded 50%, so the problem of national energy security has become increasingly prominent.
According to the report, with the increasingly tight supply of domestic oil and natural gas, the domestic chemical industry has a tendency to tilt towards coal chemical industry. The state has carried out a series of demonstration projects in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Ningxia, Henan and other places to support the development of new coal chemical industry. Among them, Inner Mongolia is one of the fastest developing areas of coal chemical industry in China, and some coal chemical technologies are in the forefront of the country.
According to the analysis of the coal chemical equipment industry research group, with the upsurge of investment enthusiasm in the coal chemical industry in northwest China, the demand for coal chemical equipment is about to explode, which has created huge development opportunities for related enterprises in the industry, and the new coal chemical industry will get a new round of great development during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period.
In terms of total amount, there were 30 coal chemical projects under construction in 2006, with a total investment of more than 80 billion yuan, with an additional capacity of 8.5 million tons of methanol, 900,000 tons of dimethyl ether, 6,543.8+million tons of olefins and 6,543.8+0.24 million tons of coal-to-liquids. The registered methanol project has a production capacity of 34 million tons, 3 million tons of olefins and 3 million tons of coal-to-liquid oil. In 2006, National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) issued policies and solicited opinions through various channels to standardize and support the development of coal chemical industry. In 2006, China's coal chemical technology with independent intellectual property rights also made great progress and began to move from laboratory to production.
In 2007, China's coal chemical industry progressed steadily. Under the background that the international oil price once hit the 100-yuan mark and the global demand for alternative chemical raw materials and alternative energy sources became more and more urgent, China coal chemical industry became an important part of China's energy structure with its leading industrialization process. Investment opportunities in the coal chemical industry are still highly concerned by international and domestic investors. Breakthroughs have been made in the industrial scale of coal chemical technology, the construction of large-scale coal-to-oil and coal-to-olefin plants is progressing smoothly, and standards for dimethyl ether and other related products have been released one after another.
The new coal chemical industry mainly produces clean energy and products that can replace the petrochemical industry, such as diesel, gasoline, aviation kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, ethylene raw materials, polypropylene raw materials, alternative fuels (methanol, dimethyl ether) and so on. It can be combined with energy and chemical technology to form a new industry integrating coal, energy and chemical industry. Coal energy chemical industry will play an important role in the sustainable utilization of energy in China, which is an important development direction in the next 20 years. It is of great significance to reduce environmental pollution caused by coal burning and reduce China's dependence on imported oil. It can be said that the coal chemical industry is facing new market demand and development opportunities in China.
China is rich in coal resources and complete in coal types. Developing modern coal conversion technologies, such as coal liquefaction and gasification, is of practical and long-term significance for giving full play to resource advantages, optimizing the terminal energy structure and supplementing the gap between domestic oil supply and demand on a large scale. The national tenth five-year plan of energy science and technology and energy construction pays full attention to the development of coal chemical industry, and China's coal chemical industry is facing new market demand and development opportunities. According to the development characteristics of coal chemical industry at home and abroad, the concept of "new coal chemical industry" is put forward. Different from the traditional coal chemical industry, the new coal chemical industry will form a new coal energy chemical industry with China characteristics, which is the strategic direction of structural adjustment and sustainable development of China's coal industry and will have an important impact on future energy construction and energy technology development.
Throughout the development history of the chemical industry in the past hundred years, every change in raw material structure is always accompanied by great changes in the chemical industry. 1984 The proven recoverable reserves of fossil fuels in the world are about 74%, oil about 12% and natural gas about 10%. From the perspective of resources, coal will be the main potential chemical raw material. In which fields and at what speed coal chemical industry will develop in the future, it depends on the technological progress of coal chemical industry itself, the supply and demand of oil and the price changes. However, coke used in metallurgical industries such as steel will still rely on coal coking, and coking chemicals such as naphthalene and anthracene are still difficult to replace in petrochemical industry. With the development and application of new gasification technology, coal gasification will still be a major aspect of coal chemical industry; The research and development of making synthetic gas from coal gasification and then synthesizing a series of organic chemical products through carbon chemistry is a rapidly developing and eye-catching field. Whether low-temperature dry distillation, direct liquefaction or indirect liquefaction are used to prepare liquid fuel from coal depends on technical and economic evaluation. Since the beginning of 2 1 century, international energy prices have risen rapidly. Among them, the prices of crude oil and natural gas have risen sharply, while the price increase of coal is relatively small, and the price difference with oil and natural gas has been expanding. According to the price of 20 1 1, the price of coal (CIF Japan) after unified calorific value is only equivalent to 24% of the price of crude oil and 26% of the price of natural gas. Since the second half of 20 12, with the rapid decline of coal prices, the price ratio between crude oil and coal has further expanded. The price difference between coal and crude oil has promoted the cost advantage of coal as raw material, and the coal chemical economy has gradually emerged. China's unique energy structure further enhances the inevitability of developing coal chemical industry. In the future, China coal chemical industry, especially new coal chemical industry, is expected to develop rapidly. The import of oil and natural gas is often influenced by war, geopolitics and other factors, so the excessive external dependence of oil and natural gas brings great hidden dangers to China's energy security. Because oil is the raw material for producing most chemical products, the lack of oil resources makes many chemical raw materials in China rely on imports, and the cost remains high, so it is necessary to find alternative energy sources. Coal chemical industry and petrochemical industry are substitutes for each other. For example, olefins and refined oil produced by coal chemical industry are the main products of petrochemical industry. The development of new coal chemical industry can well supplement the petrochemical industry and has strong strategic significance.