When investors analyze the cash flow statement, on the one hand, they can analyze whether the company's cash inflow structure, cash outflow structure and cash income and expenditure are balanced through the cash flow statement itself, and judge whether the company's cash flow is normal and healthy; On the other hand, the cash flow statement can evaluate the overall quality of the company by calculating the relevant financial ratios and combining the information provided by other financial statements. The financial ratios related to the cash flow statement mainly include the ratio of cash flow statement to current liabilities, the ratio of cash flow to total liabilities and cash flow per share Answer: 2007- 10-28 15:26 Questioners' comments on the answer:
Question 2: What can the cash flow statement reflect? The cash flow statement is a statement that reflects the inflow and outflow of cash and cash equivalents in a certain accounting period.
Cash flow refers to the inflow and outflow of cash and cash equivalents, which can be divided into three categories, namely, cash flow from operating activities, cash flow from investment activities and cash flow from financing activities.
1. Cash flow from operating activities
Business activities refer to all transactions and matters except investment activities and fund-raising activities, including selling goods or providing services, purchasing goods or receiving services, collecting returned taxes and fees, operating leases, paying wages, paying advertising expenses and paying various taxes.
2. Cash flow from investment activities
Investment activities refer to the purchase and construction of long-term assets of enterprises and the investment and disposal activities that are not included in the scope of cash equivalents, including obtaining and recovering investment, purchasing and disposing of fixed assets, purchasing and disposing of intangible assets, etc.
3. Cash flow from financing activities
Financing activities refer to activities that lead to changes in the scale and composition of enterprise capital and debt, including issuing stocks or accepting invested capital, distributing cash dividends, obtaining and repaying bank loans, issuing and repaying corporate bonds, etc.
In addition, I sent you a handout on compilation methods.
Question 3: What can the cash flow statement tell us about the enterprise? Through the cash flow statement, we can see the inflow and outflow of cash and cash equivalents in a certain accounting period, so as to analyze the current situation of enterprises and study and decide their future.
Question 4: What are the main functions of the cash flow statement? The main functions of the cash flow statement are: (1) The cash flow statement can explain the reasons for cash inflow and outflow in a certain period. The cash flow statement divides the cash flow into cash flows generated from operating activities, investment activities and financing activities, which are reflected respectively according to cash inflow and cash outflow. For example, an enterprise borrowed 5 million yuan from the bank in the current period and repaid the bank interest of 30,000 yuan. In the cash flow statement, the cash flow generated by financing activities reflects "5 million yuan in cash received by borrowing" and "30,000 yuan in cash paid interest" respectively. Therefore, the cash flow statement can clearly reflect the reasons for the inflow and outflow of cash, that is, where the cash comes from and where it is used. This information cannot be provided by the balance sheet and income statement. (2) The cash flow statement can explain the solvency of the enterprise and the ability to pay dividends. The main purpose of investors' investment and creditors' providing short-term or long-term funds for enterprises is to make profits. Usually, report readers pay more attention to the profits of enterprises, and often take profits as the measurement standard. The profit of the enterprise shows that the enterprise has certain cash payment ability to a certain extent. However, the profits made by an enterprise in a certain period of time do not mean that the enterprise really has the ability to repay debts or pay. In some cases, although the operating performance reflected in the enterprise's income statement is considerable, it is financially difficult to repay the debts due; There are also some enterprises that have sufficient solvency although the operating performance reflected in the income statement is not impressive. There are many reasons for this situation, among which accrual basis and matching principle adopted in accounting are also one of the main reasons. The cash flow statement is completely based on cash receipts and payments, which eliminates the profitability and payment ability caused by accounting estimates. Through the cash flow statement, we can understand the composition of cash inflow of enterprises, analyze the ability of enterprises to pay debts and pay dividends, and enhance the investment confidence of investors and the confidence of creditors to recover their claims; Through the cash flow statement, investors and creditors can understand the ability of enterprises to obtain cash and pay cash, so that limited social resources can flow to the most profitable places. (3) The cash flow statement can be used to analyze the ability of enterprises to obtain cash in the future. The cash flow statement reflects the overall situation of cash inflow and outflow in a certain period, and explains where the cash of the enterprise comes from and where it is used. The cash flow generated by operating activities in the cash flow statement represents the ability of enterprises to create cash flow by using their economic resources; The cash flow generated by investment activities represents the ability of enterprises to use funds to generate cash flow; The cash flow generated by fund-raising activities represents the ability of enterprises to raise funds to obtain cash flow. Through the cash flow statement and other financial information, we can analyze the ability of enterprises to obtain or pay cash in the future. For example, the funds raised by enterprises through bank loans are reflected in the current cash flow statement as cash inflows, but it means that cash will flow out when loans are repaid in the future. For another example, the uncollected receivables in the current period are not reflected as cash inflows in the current cash flow statement, but it means that there will be cash inflows in the future. (4) The cash flow statement can be used to analyze the influence of enterprise investment and financial management activities on operating results and financial status. The balance sheet can provide the financial status of an enterprise on a certain date, but it provides static financial information, which cannot reflect the reasons for the changes in financial status, nor can it show how much cash these assets and liabilities have brought to the enterprise and how much cash they have used; Although the income statement reflects the operating results of an enterprise in a certain period and provides dynamic financial information, it can only reflect the composition of profits, but it can't reflect how much cash the business activities, investment and financing activities have brought and paid to the enterprise, nor can it reflect all the matters of investment and financing activities. The cash flow statement provides the dynamic financial information of cash inflow and outflow in a certain period, indicating how much cash the enterprise obtained from business activities, investment and financing activities during the reporting period, and how the cash obtained by the enterprise was used. It can explain the reasons for the changes of assets, liabilities and net assets, and play a supplementary role in the balance sheet and income statement. The cash flow statement is the bridge between the balance sheet and the income statement. (5) The cash flow statement can provide information about investment and financing activities that do not involve cash. The cash flow statement not only reflects the investment and financing activities related to cash, but also provides information about investment and financing activities unrelated to cash through supplementary materials (notes), so that users or readers of accounting statements can fully understand and analyze the investment and financing activities of enterprises. (6) Prepare cash flow statement ... >>
Question 5: How to understand that the cash flow statement can supplement the balance sheet? The cash flow statement is divided into three parts, namely, cash flow from operating activities, cash flow from investment activities and cash flow from financing activities. 1. Cash flow from operating activities: How do enterprises get cash? Numerous facts have proved that it can't fall from the sky and can only be earned back by daily business activities. No matter what happens in the middle, it's great if the cash increases in the end, and it's bad if the cash decreases in the end. If the materials imported into China Training Network lose money in their daily operations, they will not be able to keep their cash until the cash flow dries up. 2. Cash flow generated by investment activities: If an enterprise can't have cash in its daily operations, it also needs to invest in buying factories, machinery and equipment and possibly setting up subsidiaries outside, all of which require money. Although the investment subsidiary has a return on investment income, this project is mostly negative. 3. Cash flow generated by fund-raising activities: If the net cash flow generated by business activities of the enterprise is not enough to make up for the net cash outflow generated by investment activities, the enterprise can only make a good calculation of fund-raising, that is, how to get the money back directly from the outside, because it is necessary to get the money back, of course, later.
Question 6: The cash flow statement mainly reflects the cash inflow and outflow of the enterprise's production and operation activities, investment activities and financing activities. Cash here is a broad concept of cash, which generally refers to cash on hand, bank deposits and cash equivalents. Cash equivalents mainly refer to all kinds of securities and investment stocks that can be realized at any time.
Question 7: Is there a direct relationship between the cash flow statement and the balance sheet? Some items in the cash flow statement are still related to the balance sheet and need to be calculated and filled out according to the data in the balance sheet. Although this calculation needs to be based on whether cash flow is generated, it still has strong applicability in practice.
Examples are as follows:
"Net increase in cash and cash equivalents" in supplementary information
Cash ending balance = ending balance of "monetary funds" in the balance sheet;
Opening balance of cash = the opening balance of "monetary funds" in the balance sheet;
Net increase of cash and cash equivalents = ending cash balance-beginning cash balance.
There are few cash equivalents in general enterprises, so this formula does not consider this factor, and if there are any, it should be filled in accordingly.
II. Main Table of "Net Cash Flow from Financing Activities"
1. Cash received from investment absorption
= (paid-in capital or equity ending number-paid-in capital or equity beginning number)+(bonds payable ending number-bonds payable beginning number)
2. Cash received for loans
= (number of short-term loans ending-number of short-term loans beginning)+(number of long-term loans ending-number of long-term loans beginning)
3. Other cash received related to financing activities
If the investor fails to pay the equity on time, he will be fined cash income, etc.
4. Cash paid for debt repayment
= (opening number of short-term loans-closing number of short-term loans)+(opening number of long-term loans-closing number of long-term loans) (excluding interest)+(opening number of bonds payable-closing number of bonds payable) (excluding interest)
5. Cash paid for distributing dividends, profits or paying interest.
= Debit amount in dividend payable+interest expense+long-term loan interest+interest on construction in progress+interest on bonds payable-credit balance of accrued interest in accrued expenses-bill discount interest expense.
6. Other cash paid related to financing activities.
For example, cash paid for financing expenses, cash paid for financing lease, and cash paid for reducing registered capital (acquisition of company shares, return of joint venture investment of joint venture units, etc.). ), cash paid by enterprises for the purchase and construction of fixed assets by installments, cash paid by installments other than cash paid in the first installment, etc.
III. Main Table of "Net Cash Flow from Investment Activities"
1. Cash received from investment recovery
= (initial number of short-term investments-final number of short-term investments)+(initial number of long-term equity investments-final number of long-term equity investments)+(initial number of long-term debt investments-final number of long-term debt investments)
In this formula, if the opening amount is less than the closing amount, it will be included in the cash items paid by the investment.
2. Cash received from investment income
= Investment income in the income statement-(ending amount of interest receivable-beginning amount of interest receivable)-(ending amount of dividends receivable-beginning amount of dividends receivable)
3. Net cash recovered from the disposal of fixed assets, intangible assets and other long-term assets.
= Credit balance of fixed assets liquidation+(closing number of intangible assets-opening number of intangible assets)+(closing number of other long-term assets-opening number of other long-term assets)
4. Other cash received related to investment activities.
For example, recover the principal of financial leasing equipment.
5. Cash paid for the purchase and construction of fixed assets, intangible assets and other long-term assets
= (closing number of construction in progress-opening number of construction in progress) (excluding interest)+(closing number of fixed assets-opening number of fixed assets)+(closing number of intangible assets-opening number of intangible assets)+(closing number of other long-term assets-opening number of other long-term assets)
In the above formula, if the ending amount is less than the beginning amount, it is accounted for in the net cash recovered from the disposal of fixed assets, intangible assets and other long-term assets.
6. Cash paid for investment
= (number of short-term investments at the end of the period-number of short-term investments at the beginning)+(number of long-term equity investments at the end of the period-number of long-term equity investments at the beginning)+(number of long-term debt investments at the end of the period-number of long-term debt investments at the beginning) (excluding investment gains or losses)
In this formula, if the ending amount is less than the beginning amount, it is included in the cash items received from the investment recovery.
7. Other cash paid related to investment activities.
If the investment is not in place on time, it will be fined.
Four, supplementary information in the "net cash flow from operating activities"
1, net profit
This item is filled in according to the net profit in the income statement.
2. Provision for impairment of assets
Accrued asset impairment reserve = the accumulated amount of various asset impairment reserves accrued in this period.
Note: Bad debt losses written off directly are not included.
3. Solid >>
Question 8: What are the main functions of the cash flow statement? Among the three accounting statements provided by listed companies, the cash flow statement reflects the inflow and outflow of cash in a certain period, indicating the company's ability to obtain cash and cash equivalents. According to accounting standards, cash refers to the company's cash on hand and deposits that can be used for payment at any time. The cash here is different from the accounting cash, including not only the cash in the cash account, but also the deposits in financial institutions and corporate bank deposits, as well as other foreign deposits, bank draft deposits, cashier's check deposits and monetary funds in transit. Cash equivalents refer to investments held by the Company with short term, strong liquidity, easy conversion into known cash and little risk of value change. Although cash equivalent is not cash, its ability to pay is not much different from cash, so it can be regarded as cash. Cash flow is the amount of cash inflow and outflow in a certain period of time. For example, companies sell goods, provide services, sell fixed assets, and borrow money from banks. , forming the company's cash inflow; Pay cash for purchasing raw materials, accepting labor services, purchasing fixed assets, investing abroad, repaying debts, etc. , forming the company's cash outflow. Cash flow information indicates whether the company is in good operating condition, whether there is a shortage of funds and the company's solvency, thus providing very useful information for investors, creditors and company managers. At the same time, it should also be noted that the conversion of the company's cash form will not produce the inflow and outflow of cash. For example, the company's withdrawal of cash from the bank is a conversion of the company's cash deposit form and does not change the cash flow; Similarly, the conversion between cash and cash equivalents will not change the cash flow. For example, the company will realize the securities it bought a month ago and recover the cash, but it will not increase or decrease the cash flow. The cash flow statement reflects the dynamic situation of the company's business activities, investment activities and fund-raising activities in a certain period of time with the inflow and outflow of cash, and reflects the whole picture of the company's cash inflow and outflow. The main function of the cash flow statement is: (1) The cash flow statement can provide the company's cash flow information, so as to objectively evaluate the company's overall financial situation. (2) The cash flow statement can explain the reasons of cash inflow and outflow in a certain period, and can comprehensively explain the company's solvency and payment ability. (3) Through the cash flow statement, we can analyze the company's ability to obtain cash in the future and predict the company's future financial situation. (4) The cash flow statement can provide information about investment and financing activities that do not involve cash.
Question 9: Where should the cash flow statement be analyzed? In the process of financial analysis of cash flow, we need to pay attention to the following issues: First, although the cash flow statement reflects the net cash flow of various activities according to business activities, investment activities and financing activities, it cannot judge the effect of various activities accordingly. Because the current cash inflow and current cash outflow of various activities do not match, especially investment activities and fund-raising activities, the current cash inflow and current cash outflow are basically irrelevant. The cash inflow of current investment activities is the result of cash expenditure of previous investment, while the cash outflow of current financing activities is the payment of principal and interest of cash flow of previous financing. Second, when comparing and analyzing the cash flow statements of different enterprises or the same enterprise in different periods, we should pay attention to their comparability. Several different enterprises may have similar assets, liabilities, profits and losses, but their cash flows may be quite different, which is related to different financial policies and financial management policies of enterprises. Even the change of cash flow in different periods of the same enterprise cannot explain the changing trend of its financial situation. For example, in the preparation period or the production date, the cash flow of operating activities is less, and the cash flow of financing activities is more, but in the mature period, it is the opposite. Third, we should pay attention to analyze the changes of cash flow from the combination of process and result. In the process of analyzing cash flow, EAM asset management companies always encounter the problem of determining the changes of net cash at the end and beginning of the current period. However, for any enterprise, there are only three situations when determining the net change of cash at the end of the period and at the beginning of the period, that is, the net increase of cash and cash equivalents is either greater than zero, less than zero or equal to zero. But in either case, we can't judge whether the cash flow situation of an enterprise is improving, deteriorating or unchanged from the simple comparison between the ending number and the beginning number. In order to reveal the reasons for the change of cash position, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze various factors affecting cash flow, distinguish different situations arranged in budget or plan from those caused by accidental reasons, and analyze the differences between actual situation and budget. In this sense, it is more important to analyze the changing process of cash flow than to analyze the changing results of cash flow.
Question 10: Q: What information can be seen in the cash flow statement that is not seen in the balance sheet and income statement? 1) The balance sheet is a historical description of economic activities and their achievements, and does not reflect the current market value of assets, liabilities and owners' equity; Accounting procedures and methods are very arbitrary, which may lead to the lack of horizontal comparability of information provided by balance sheets (between different enterprises); The recognition and measurement of assets and liabilities involves manual estimation and judgment, which may lead to the lack of authenticity and reliability of the information provided by the balance sheet; There are two factors in profit: the receivable period of income is long, and there is no cash guarantee for income growth; Short payment period in expenditure leads to large operating profit, but negative cash flow. In addition, bad debts were not considered, which led to inflated profits. Under the condition of market economy, the health status and survival and development ability of enterprises can be reflected by cash flow to a great extent. Although some enterprises' balance sheets and income statements have good information, they can only show that in the past, although the capital structure and asset structure on the balance sheets are reasonable, they cannot reflect the quality of assets, their ability to show off and their ability to repay debts in time when financial risks occur, which all depend on the cash flow ability of enterprises. Especially in the current market environment that advocates "cash first", many people compare monetary funds to the "blood" of enterprises. Therefore, companies with good balance sheet and income statement information may not have the best cash flow. Enterprises with strong profitability will also have financial risks. If the liquidity of its assets is poor, no matter how much profit it has, it will not be able to repay the debts due in time and will also face bankruptcy. The cash flow statement can be used to analyze whether an enterprise or institution has enough cash to pay expenses in a short period of time.
(2) The cash flow statement is a dynamic statement that summarizes the business activities, investment activities and fund-raising activities of an enterprise in the reporting period by cash inflow and outflow. Its preparation is based on cash and cash equivalents, and its structure is clearer and easier to understand than the statement of changes in financial position. The cash flow statement should provide the cash flow information of the enterprise to help investors and creditors directly and effectively analyze the ability of the enterprise to repay debts, pay dividends and raise funds externally; Compiling cash flow statement is convenient for report users to analyze the difference between current net profit and operating cash flow, and objectively evaluate the profitability and the stability of operating turnover of enterprises; Compiling cash flow statement is convenient for users to analyze investment and financing activities related to and unrelated to cash, and predict the future development trend and cash flow of enterprises.
Therefore, the contents of the cash flow statement include positive statements and supplementary information. The positive statement includes five items, which respectively reflect the cash flow from operating activities, investment activities, financing activities, the impact of exchange rate changes on cash flow and the net increase of cash and cash equivalents.
(3) Financial accounting objectives determine the objectives of accounting statement design. The goal of financial accounting is to provide accurate, sufficient, universal and useful accounting information for enterprise management, investors, creditors, departments and other users of accounting information.
Design of balance sheet: Balance sheet is an accounting statement that reflects the financial situation of an enterprise on a certain date. Therefore, its design mainly includes the design of project classification and project arrangement order. The items in the balance sheet are not a simple arrangement of accounting subjects. It should be classified according to certain standards. Assets are divided into current assets, long-term assets, fixed assets, intangible assets, intangible assets, other assets and deferred assets; Liabilities are divided into current liabilities and long-term liabilities; Owners' equity is divided into paid-in capital, capital reserve, surplus reserve and undistributed profit. Then the above categories are further divided.
Design of income statement: the income statement is an accounting statement that reflects the production and operation results of an enterprise in a certain period. Therefore, its design should reflect the composition of operating results, some only reflect the income, expenses and profits generated by the business, and some should be directly included in the profit distribution table. There are also income statement items that not only reflect income, expenses and profits, but also include non-operating income and non-operating expenditure items. So there is a one-step income statement: summarize the income and expenses separately, and then calculate the net profit. The multi-step income statement: divided into main business profits; Operating profit; Total profit; Net profit. Summarize the income and expenses separately, and then calculate the net profit.
The design of cash flow statement refers to the statement that reflects the inflow and outflow of cash and cash equivalents in a certain accounting period. It is a cash-based statement of changes in financial position. As an analytical tool, the main function of cash flow statement is to determine the short-term viability of the company, especially the ability to pay bills. Therefore, its design should be able to summarize the anti-cash flow statement >>