Eight Banners: The Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty are divided into Manchu Eight Banners, Mongolian Eight Banners and Han Eight Banners. The main body of Manchu Eight Banners and Mongolian Eight Banners is cavalry, and their ordinary soldiers are divided into three grades: cavalry, combat soldiers and garrison soldiers, and their salaries are decreasing in turn. Ordinary Manchu Eight Banners and Mongolian Eight Banners men can take the exam every three years from the age of ten. If they meet the standards, they will be stationed in the army and enjoy the salary. After that, they can take a promotion exam every three years. After passing the exam, they will be promoted to a higher level and their salary will be increased. Whether you ride a horse or not, knights, warriors and guardians are all ranks. The Eight Banners of the Han Army, also known as Wuzhen Chaoha (heavily armed), are mainly artillery. The smallest unit of the Eight Banners is Lu Niu, which is both a social organization and a wartime organization. There are 300 families in Lu Niu, and each family has a able-bodied man. When the whole army went out, there were only 300 people in Lu Niu. Generally speaking, there are only dozens of people in each cow. The Eight Banners consists of 300 cattle records of the Eight Banners in Manchu, of which about 100 was recorded for Mongolian cattle that had been Manchu, and only 2 10 was recorded for pure Manchu cattle. Mongolian Eight Banners 129 Lu Niu and Han Eight Banners 167 Lu Niu. The number of cattle recorded in the late Qing Dynasty did not increase much. Manchu Eight Banners: There are eight parts: yellow, yellow, white, blue, white, red, red and blue. Please note that the above order is not written casually, but the order of the Eight Banners in Manchu from high to low. Another arrangement method is divided into two wings, the left wing is inlaid with yellow, white, blue and white, and the right wing is inlaid with yellow, red, red and blue. This is very clear on the Eight Banners Garrison Map of Old Shenyang City. The north with high status is white flag and blue flag, the west is yellow flag and white flag, the east is red flag, and the south is yellow flag and blue flag. Some people may ask, why is this arrangement? This is related to the formation of Manchu Eight Banners. The Qing Taizu Nurhachi first set out with his father's13A, conquered the Manchu tribes around his hometown and established the flag army (black flag). Later, he received a large number of neighboring tribes and formed a new flag (red flag). Nurhachi gave his old army (black flag) to his brother Shu Haqi, and he commanded a new flag (red flag). Later, due to the power struggle, Shuerhaqi and Chu Ying were killed one after another. The white flag was divided into zhenglan flag (2 1 cow record, all of which were recorded by Manchu cattle, the same below), and the flag owner was Munkurtai, the fifth son of Nurhachi, who was famous for his ferocity. Huang taiji used Mang Kuertai to kill his mother to illustrate his cruelty. Zhengbai Banner (18 Lu Niu) is owned by Huang Taiji, the eighth son of Nurhachi. White flag (15 Niu Lu), the flag owner is Du Du, the eldest son of Chu Ying. The black flag is divided into three parts: the red flag (25), the flag owner is Daishan, the second son of Nurhachi, with a red flag (26), the flag owner is Yue Tuo, the eldest son of Daishan, with a blue flag (33), and the flag owner is A Min, the son of Shuhaqi. After being killed by Huang Taiji, the flag owner was changed to Jilalang, the son of Shuhaqi; The red flag personally commanded by Nurhachi is also divided into two flags: Huang Zheng (45 Lu Niu) and Huangbian (20 Lu Niu). At first, Nuerhachi personally controlled the two yellow flags. In his later years, he distributed most of the two yellow flags to his three youngest sons (Azig, Dourgen and Duoduo) in Lu Niu 15, and the rest were under his own command as pro-troops. Some historians believe that this is his public announcement that Dourgen is the heir. Because of this distribution scheme, the military forces under the command of Azig, Dourgen and Duoduo have great advantages. No other brother can compare with them. But this doting is not funny. It also made other brothers (Nurhachi has sixteen sons) unite against their three brothers, Azig, Dourgen and Dodo. At this time, Dourgen and Dodo, aged 9 and 8, were no match for their brave brothers and nephews. When Nurhachi died, Du Du, the owner of the white flag, had been transferred to the red flag, ready to give it to Dourgen. As soon as Nurhachi died, his sons began to compete for the throne. For the above reasons, Aziz, Dourgen and Duoduo failed and their mothers were killed. Dourgen didn't get the throne, but he kept his 65,438+05 Lu Niu, which was the flag of his brother Aziz. Instead, Huang Taiji, the owner of Zhengbaiqi, became the emperor. Huang Taiji took the opportunity to occupy the white flag and made a flag with his son Hogg. Not only can he not take it away, but Huang Taiji also swore in public that he could not confiscate the cattle records of other flag owners. Even if the flag owner is guilty, he will be fined to hand over his subordinate's oxen records, and the handed-over oxen records can only be distributed to other flag owners Baylor in this flag. As mentioned in the previous description, the yellow flag and the yellow flag are the two flags with the least strength. Therefore, it is impossible for Huang Taiji to be respected and do whatever he wants in the south. In order to strengthen the strength and suppress the earth brothers, the talented Huang Taiji not only did not kill the three half-brothers Azig, Dourgen and Duoduo, but tried his best to win over these three little brothers, because the Zhengbaiqi and the Huangqie (formerly Huang Zheng and Huangqie) they commanded were powerful, especially after Duoduo inherited his father's army, and became the most powerful Zhengbaiqi flag owner, but he was only a/kloc- Later, Huang Taiji used a trick to kill A Min, the owner of the blue flag, and Mang Kuertai, the owner of the blue flag, and annexed the blue flag. He mixed the blue flag with his own yellow flag and split it in two to form a new yellow flag and yellow flag, which he commanded himself. As a result, he also gave part of Lu Niu's strength to his son, Hogg, to strengthen his own strength. Hogg's yellow flag was renamed Zhenglan Flag, and the result of the change was that the new yellow flag was the least powerful. In order to consolidate his position, Huang taiji adopted the method of separating right from white and leitian. First of all, he abolished the flag master status of Azig, an old man with high military exploits, and used Dourgen, a teenager of 14, as the flag master. When Dourgen and Duoduo grew up, they found a fault to mix Zhengbai and Leitian, with Dourgen as the flag master and Duoduo as the flag master. However, due to historical reasons, Zhengbai and Zhengbai Banner are relatively United, and their strength is the second sum of the Eight Banners 1. There are too many cattle records under the jurisdiction of Duoduo. When he reached the flag, it was the biggest of the eight flags. When Huang taiji died, it was the most critical moment for his family and the world. He and his son Hogg have a total of 1 17. Dourgen and Duoduo have 98 Lu Niu, the second largest power of the Eight Banners, while Lao Dai Mountain (his son Yue Tuo died, so Daishan governs two red flags) and Girard Lang have 96 Lu Niu, the middle power of the Eight Banners.

Supplementary answer: After the death of Huang Taiji, the situation was steep. Dourgen and Haug are going to fight to the death to seize the throne. Dourgen is powerful, scheming and has certain strength advantages. However, during the period of Huang Taiji, Haug was always the second brave general (the first brave general was Azig), so he was not easy to bully. The disadvantage is that Huang Liang and Zhenglanqi don't fully support him. They were afraid that Hogg's flag would change color after he acceded to the throne, which would damage their own interests, and they were also forced by the queen of the harem to emphasize the accession of the prince. Hogg was born to an ordinary princess and has no blood relationship with the queen. He is older than dourgen. The queen and her niece (Zhuang Fei) don't want to be locked in the cold palace for the elderly after Hogg takes power. Their attitude determines the attitude of the two yellow flags. In the tense election of the emperor, Daishan and Jill Harlan are always ambiguous. Azig and Dodo wanted to choose Dourgen, but they were resisted by the forces of two yellow flags. Hogg had expected that Daishan and Jill Harlan would choose him. This is because they left angrily without speaking, but the scheming Dourgen seized the opportunity and elected Fu Lin, the son of Zhuangfei, to succeed to the throne. Dourgen took power from then on. He always hated starling Huang taiji for robbing him of his throne, looking for an opportunity to kill Hogg and take it out, and annexed Hogg's positive blue flag and mixed it with his own positive white flag to form a new positive white flag and a white flag. As for the original white flag, it was renamed Zhenglan Flag, and Duoduo's son (Duoduo is dead at this time) was the flag owner. Although Dourgen and Duoduo were only slightly better, the military and the government were connected, and the Qing Dynasty was established after entering the customs, but life was chaotic. Dourgen was liquidated after his son, Emperor Fu Lin, took charge of Shuaiyin, but according to Manchu custom, if there is no son, the army after her husband's death belongs to his wife's commander-in-chief, and Dourgen has no biological son. The adopted son of Congduo was denied by Emperor Fu Lin, so his army certainly belonged to his wife, Empress Zaozhuang, and the generals agreed that Fu Lin was the only son of Empress Zhuang, so the Zhengbaiqi naturally became a flag (commanded by the Emperor himself). Due to the above history, the order of the Eight Banners was formed: yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, blue flag, white flag, red flag, red flag and blue flag. From the above, it can be seen that Zhenghuangqi is not a pro-Nurhachi force.