Primary school science curriculum is an enlightenment subject, which aims to cultivate students' scientific quality. The formation of scientific quality is long-term, and early science education plays a decisive role in the formation of a person's scientific quality. Scientific literacy includes not only mastering scientific knowledge, but also understanding the nature of science. The existing literature and research results show that one of the ways to realize students' understanding of the nature of science is through the education of the history of science. In the current international science education, it has become an important trend to integrate the knowledge of history of science into science education. A large number of materials about the history of science have been introduced into the textbook Science for education. The knowledge of the history of science combines scientific knowledge, ability training and emotional stimulation well. Fully exploring the educational value of scientific historical facts can make students understand the humanity of science, have a more complete understanding of scientific development, and then understand the relativity of scientific knowledge; It can educate students in emotion, will and values, and cultivate students' interest in learning and exploring science, cooperative consciousness and communication ability. Introducing the knowledge of history of science into the primary school science classroom can not only enliven the classroom atmosphere, but also enable students to understand the nature of science while understanding the scientific knowledge, which well embodies the fundamental goal of science education-cultivating scientific literacy.

Second, the use of scientific reading, infiltration of science history education

Scientific reading is to promote scientific learning through scientific books, including popular science books, scientific articles, scientific fairy tales, scientific stories and so on. The history of science itself is rich in scientific reading materials. Scientific reading can enhance students' active study of science, their understanding of scientific knowledge and their judgment of scientific news, thus improving their understanding of science and their interest in learning. In the layout of teaching environment, we can make full use of the space inside and outside the classroom to post pictures about scientists' life stories or introduce scientists' life stories and scientific discoveries with blackboard newspapers. The school reading room can increase scientific reading materials, such as the stories of scientists and the history of scientific discoveries. Once, when talking about scientists familiar to students, a student raised his hand and said, Teacher, there is a photo of Edison at home. I know the story of Edison. Edison invented the first electric light in the world ... He vividly told the story of Edison's invention of the electric light, and said that he must learn from Edison's perseverance. After class, I found the student. It turns out that he has a calendar at home, which introduces some famous scientists in the world. It can be seen that it is very important to make full use of scientific reading materials in the teaching environment for infiltrating the education of history of science.

Third, infiltrate the history of science and enhance the interest in scientific inquiry.

Strong interest leads to a desire for knowledge and exploration. With the desire for knowledge, students have the internal motivation to acquire knowledge and can ensure effective learning. In the process of scientific research, many scientists have conducted lively and interesting scientific research. This kind of history of science can make use of students' curiosity, stimulate students' interest in exploring knowledge, and make students rise from "interested" to "interested" exploration. Electricity and magnetism, the first volume of the sixth grade of People's Education Edition. The teacher introduced that 100 years ago, Oster accidentally discovered in the experiment that there would be strange phenomena when the small magnetic needle was close to the live wire. After listening to this, the students were very curious. Many students expressed the idea of "observing by themselves" to the teacher. Through experiments, students found that: put the wire directly above the compass in the same direction as the magnetic needle, turn on the power supply, and the magnetic needle deflects. The greater the current, the greater the deflection angle, up to 90 degrees. Disconnect the current and reset the magnetic needle. This history of science education focuses on making students understand the cognitive process, essence and experimental methods of scientists. In this class, the students happened to observe the strange phenomenon discovered by Oster, which made them feel very fulfilled. Therefore, copying the inquiry process of scientists, so that students can understand the process of scientific discovery and the essential content of science more deeply in the operation process, can enhance their interest in scientific inquiry.

Fourth, infiltrate the history of science and carry out moral education.

The Chinese nation has a civilization history of more than 5,000 years, and the achievements of scientific inventions are also an important part of it. Some stories about ancient scientists and ancient scientific research in China have been inserted into the new science textbooks for primary schools. When teaching, we should quote in time, educate students on excellent traditional culture, let students know the great achievements of China's ancient scientific inventions and the value created by China ancestors with high wisdom, and enhance national self-confidence and self-esteem. Let students know the great achievements of socialist modernization, experience the great improvement of people's living standards, feel the pulse of the times in the development of the motherland, and stimulate students' feelings of loving the motherland, hometown, socialism and science. Inspired the students to study hard and innovate hard, and win glory for the motherland when they grow up. There are many ways for moral education to penetrate artistic conception and communication in science teaching, but the most important thing is that the subject of artistic conception and communication-science teachers must be a flowing water. Science teachers should have keen insight and profound thinking ability, and be able to use them flexibly according to the characteristics of teaching materials and students' reality; Students can be naturally introduced into the teaching of fresh and harmonious emotional atmosphere, so that they can enjoy the pictures of science teaching, moral education and art halls shining with the brilliance of human reason!

Five, a variety of ways to infiltrate the history of science education.

The cultivation of scientific literacy in primary school is not limited to the teaching of science courses, and other disciplines are also good channels. For example, courses such as Chinese in primary schools and comprehensive social practice courses can integrate the teaching content of the history of science. The teaching of history of science can also be carried out after class. For example, after class, we use resources such as the Internet and libraries to compile scientific tabloids and introduce the history of scientific development. You can also combine scientific and technological activities, visit science and technology museums and listen to lectures on the history of science and technology. On the basis of constantly understanding the educational value orientation of the history of science in education, science teachers should combine the relevant contents of the history of science in primary school science textbooks to build a school science education model based on the history of science, and realize the educational value of the history of science in various ways. Let students truly understand the nature of science, make up for the lack of humanistic factors in science education and make up for the lack of scientific method education in science education. Specific ways, one can integrate the education of the history of science into classroom teaching, such as using the story of the history of science as the introduction of the classroom. Archimedes was taking a bath in the bathtub, and suddenly he shouted "Found, found" and ran naked into the street. What did he find? We can use this part as an introduction to the ups and downs of objects and explore the secrets of ups and downs with children. It can also be implemented in students' research-based learning activities, so that students can take the initiative to sort out the knowledge of the history of science and adopt the ways that students like, such as holding photo exhibitions and story meetings of scientists, publishing handwritten newspapers and electronic tabloids, and widely mobilizing students to collect some information on the history of science in various ways. A book corner is specially arranged in the science inquiry room, where some story books of scientists are placed, so that children can hear and listen, and their feelings, attitudes and values can be cultivated, forming a positive spirit of scientific exploration. Science teachers can also educate children with special lectures, introduce some famous scientific discoveries, some classic scientific stories and some little-known scientists to science, and let these enduring historical facts infect everyone.