Handan is one of the oldest cities in China with a history of 3000 years. If we consider the administrative divisions of modern Handan, we can call it "the old capital of the Eight Dynasties" (the old capital of Zhao, Yecheng and Daming). In the long history of 3000 years, Handan has experienced the evolution of four social forms: slavery, feudalism, semi-feudalism, semi-colonialism and socialism. It has experienced the ups and downs of rise, development, prosperity, decline, stagnation, re-emergence and revival. Formed the "eight major cultures" type. Therefore, we say that Handan has an important historical and cultural position and has had a very far-reaching influence in the history of China.

First, the historical changes of Handan

As early as the early Neolithic Age, Handan became the center of human activities. Spring and Autumn Period is an important industrial and commercial city on the north bank of the Yellow River. During the Warring States period, it was the capital of Zhao. The Han Dynasty is also the capital of the vassal state of Zhao and one of the famous "five metropolises" in the Western Han Dynasty. Handan Yecheng was once the "ancient capital of the Six Dynasties" in the Northern Dynasties. The famous city after Sui and Tang Dynasties was once the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, the capital of the later Han Dynasty and the political power, and has long been an important town in the northern region. In modern times, Handan was also the capital of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan border region. Modern Handan has initially possessed the scale of a central city in the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan border region. At the beginning of 1994, Handan was approved by the State Council as a national historical and cultural city. According to the new urban classification standard, Handan can also be called a megacity in China today. Although it can't be compared with the status of the Warring States period, it also shows that Handan has basically achieved a great historical revival.

(A) the rise of Handan city

Historically, the original cities are fundamentally different from our cities today. The function of early cities was mainly a political and military fortress, and its defense function was obvious. The economic function is secondary. Of course, in order to maintain the survival of this city, the development of industry and commerce is inevitable. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the functions of cities began to change. The rise of Handan city is also caused by