The Atlas of Chinese History, edited by Mr. Tan Qixiang, shows on the maps of Xia and Shang Dynasties that Xiongshi area has two major geomorphological features: Shui Ying in the south and isolated mountain in the north. According to the Records of Geography of Hanshu, there is an isolated mountain in Henan County, which spans Henan, Mi and Xin counties. Li Daoyuan, a geographer in the Northern Wei Dynasty, accurately said through on-the-spot investigation in Notes to Water Classics: "The big bow is also a mountain with words." Both Records of Yuzhou City and Records of Place Names of Yuzhou City have detailed descriptions: Juci Mountain is located in the north of Yuzhou, starting from Huiju Mountain in the north of Xiaozhuang Township and winding to the southeast, while Dahongzhai Mountain in the north of Asai Township is divided into two tributaries: one tributary continues to leave the country through Wuliang Town and disappears at the junction of Xinzheng and Changge counties; One enters Xuchang County from the south of Wuliang Town via Zhuge Township and Guolian Township. In ancient times, there was no regional concept of provinces, cities, counties and townships as we do today. Therefore, the Atlas of Chinese History can only draw lines with natural landforms such as mountains, water, hills and valleys, indicating that the geographical scope of Xiongguo has Shui Ying in the south and compound hills in the north. It can be seen that the main area of bear tribe activities is in the area of 700 square kilometers south of Dagu Mountain, north of Shui Ying, east of Cui Hui and west of Guolian in the north of Yuzhou City.
Zhuangzi, a philosopher in the Warring States Period, once said that in primitive society, "people knew their mother, but not their father, and lived with elk". Therefore, there are several theories about the birth of the Yellow Emperor. The most common saying is that Xiong Guojun Shaodian married Joe's two daughters as concubines. The first one is female Deng, and the second one is Fu Bao. One day, princess royal's daughter boarded the Huating to play, and suddenly she was accompanied by a dragon. Female Deng was pregnant, gave birth to Emperor Yan and named her. Legend has it that he can talk after three days of birth, walk after five days, and have all his teeth after seven days. At the age of five, he learned a lot about crops. However, because he is ugly, "Niutou is a grumpy person and Shaodian doesn't like it very much, so he and his mother and son grew up on the Jiang Shui River. So when Emperor Yan grew up, he took Jiang as his surname.
Besides, Princess Shaodian attached a treasure. One day, she went to the suburbs to play, and was caught in a heavy rain and was troubled by heavy lightning. She walked for a long time and turned around Beidou. As a result, she was pregnant with treasure, pregnant for 25 months, and gave birth to the Yellow Emperor, named Yun. The Yellow Emperor is "a dragon with beautiful eyes" and is very popular with Shaodian Monarch, so she took him and Fu Bao to live by the Yinshui River. The beauty attached to the treasure is very touching and is called Maggie by people. She often washes clothes and vegetables by the cool water. People have seen more, so they call this section of the river Jishui. When the Yellow Emperor grew up, he also took Ji's surname as his surname and named him Ji Yun.
When Yu Wang Jiang grew up, he was brave and wise, so he became the leader of a tribe, taking "Niu" as the totem and marking it on the flag. The wizard said he was prosperous, so he was called Emperor Yan. According to legend, Emperor Yan had a magic whip named "Zhebian", which was used to beat all kinds of weeds, and the weeds showed medicinal properties. In order to verify whether these herbs are poisonous, hot or cold, and what diseases can be cured, Emperor Yan personally tasted the herbs and tried their efficacy in preventing and treating diseases for clan people. Therefore, the people of the tribe were very strong and developed rapidly, so he led his tribe to move eastward along the Weishui River and the Yellow River, across the river, through Henan and Hubei, and to Qufu, Shandong Province, defeating many weak tribes and finally "making its capital in Chen", which is now Huaiyang County, Henan Province.
When the Yellow Emperor Jiyun grew up, he was nine feet tall. He is honest, simple, virtuous, respected by the tribal people, and is acclaimed as the tribal chief and the heir of the Xiongguo. He used the natural geographical advantages and rich mineral resources on both sides of the Jihe River to encourage tribal people to develop agriculture and animal husbandry production, and personally taught people to sow grains, plant vegetation and domesticate pigs, cattle, sheep and dogs. And make the Xiongguo tribe rich and strong soon, and many weak tribes around him see his kindness and kindness. The wizard said that he "ruled the world with soil", and the soil was yellow, so he was called the Yellow Emperor.
At that time, a relatively powerful tribe appeared in the Yangtze River valley, called Jiuli tribe. The leader of the "Jiuli" tribe is Chiyou, who has 8 1 brothers, all of whom are good at fighting, tough and brave, and are good at using sharp weapons such as knives, halberds, bows and crossbows.
Chiyou is cruel by nature and likes to fight. Seeing that Emperor Yan had gone south from Weishui, he led the tribe north to compete with Emperor Yan for territory. The war was fought in Chen Zhou, but Emperor Yan couldn't beat him. He was defeated in Qufu, Shandong Province, and Chiyou chased Qufu. Emperor Yan retreated to Gu Quan, Hebei Province, and Chiyou continued his pursuit. Emperor Yan fled to Zhuolu again. At this time, Zhuolu was already the sphere of influence of the Yellow Emperor tribe, so he sent messengers to persuade Yan Di to submit, but Yan Di wouldn't listen. On the contrary, he fought against the Yellow Emperor in Gu Quan. As a result, he had to yield to the Yellow Emperor, so he made an alliance with Mangshan to discuss Chiyou. The Yellow Emperor personally led the troops into battle, leading six tribes with tigers as totems to storm Chiyou. Legend has it that Chiyou is a "bronze head and iron forehead, eating sand and spitting fire", probably wearing armor, and it is difficult for ordinary people to win. However, the Huangdi tribe has developed mining and smelting while developing agriculture and animal husbandry. Usually the military and horses are made of iron, so it is not surprising that Chiyou's "copper head and iron forehead". Seeing that the killing was as close as a bee, Chiyou used magic to spray clouds of dense fog from his nostrils, and then it was dark, windy and thundering for three days. At that time, all the ministries of the Yellow Emperor lost their way and could not tell the southeast from the northwest, and the morale of the army began to float. The Chiyou people are in high spirits and take advantage of the situation to kill fiercely. The Yellow Emperor immediately ordered Hou Feng to build a south guide car, on which stood an iron villain with his arm pointing south. The Yellow Emperor immediately determined the direction, and the six tribes immediately got emotional and rushed out of the dense fog, killing the Jiuli tribe "dead everywhere" and finally killing Chiyou.
After the defeat of Huangdi Chiyou, other tribes in the Yangtze River valley surrendered to Huangdi one after another, and Huangdi was elected as the son of heaven in Busan, thus completing the immortal feat of unifying China. At the same time, the totem symbol of Chinese national unity, namely the national flag, was formulated. At that time, it was suggested that the "bear" of the bear tribe should still be used as a totem, but the Yellow Emperor denied this suggestion. He believes that using the "bear" as a totem will hurt the feelings of the newly surrendered tribe. In order to unite these tribes, he proposed taking snakes as the main body, fish scales as scales, turtle tails as tails, lion heads as heads, antlers as horns and talons as claws, and named this new totem "Dragon" to show the great unity of all tribes. Later generations say that the Chinese nation is a descendant of the "dragon", that is, it comes from this.
The history contains "The Yellow Emperor got married at the age of 30". He chose a concubine for her character, not for her looks. He has four wives, the concubine of several yuan, and the second concubine, Mo Mu, made the greatest contribution. Lei Zu discovered how to plant mulberry and raise silkworms, and Mo Mu invented reeling weaving. Under their advocacy, people gradually got rid of the primitive life covered by leaves and skins and put on soft, warm and gorgeous clothes.
Huangdi attached great importance to talents. He knows people well, gives full play to their skills and makes many inventions. Such as life cangjie word-making; He ordered Gaobo to mine copper and Ning Fengzi to make pottery. Life will be red wood, kettle stove; Ordering barbarians to make cars; Life-saving drum system ship; Life is fixed; Life comes first; Command to select melody; Life glory apes cast clocks; He and Chang Yi were ordered to observe the running laws of the sun, moon and stars. Life begins and Gong Lei compiles medical classics; There are many inventions such as palaces, utensils and coffins. Therefore, later generations praised him for "being able to achieve great things". Although many inventions are still very primitive and simple today, more than 5,000 years ago, human beings invented and created those advanced production and living tools with high diligence and wisdom, which was not easy and precious when the long-term wild and ignorant state gradually transitioned to the first light of civilization. What's more, some inventions that have stood the test of 5,000 years of history are still benefiting future generations and even becoming the common wealth of human civilization around the world.
There are many relics of the Yellow Emperor in Yuzhou, which are generally distributed in the south, north and central regions. Especially on Juzi Mountain in the north of the city, there are dozens of various Yellow Emperor relics, which are called "Yellow Emperor Relics Group".
Zhuang Zhou (369-280 BC), a thinker in the Warring States Period, recorded the story of the Yellow Emperor's visit to Jucishan in his book Ghost of Xu Yuan. Dawei (also written as Dahuai) is a man with great talent for governing the country. When the Yellow Emperor heard about his talent, he took Fang Ming, Chang Yu and Zhang Ruo to see him. In a canyon at the foot of Juzi Mountain, seven people lost their way. When they saw a boy putting his horse beside him, they asked him if he knew Juzi Mountain. The shepherd boy said, "Yes." And asked him if he knew a man named Dakun? The shepherd boy said, "Yes." Seeing that the shepherd boy was young and had an extraordinary speech, the Yellow Emperor asked him, "Do you know the truth of governing the world?" The shepherd boy said, "Governing the world is the same as herding horses, except for harming them!" The Yellow Emperor thought, "Even the boy who often sees David is so knowledgeable, and David's knowledge is even more remarkable!" " So I was even more thirsty and hurried to say goodbye to the boy who put his horse on. According to his instructions, I found David in Utz Mountain. Later, Dawei became an important official around the Yellow Emperor. The yellow emperor came back to look for the shepherd boy, but he couldn't find it. From then on, this ditch was called Magou, which is now Magou Village in Asai Township. Magou River runs through the village, with rocky caves on both sides. The north-south main street is 300 meters long and has 2200 households. At this time, the story of "The Yellow Emperor visited Dawei with tools" has spread to this day. It is precisely because David once lived in Utz Mountain that some people call Utz Mountain the Dagu Mountain. The mountains are surging, so they are called "big mountains", which has been one of the eight scenic spots in danger since ancient times. Dawei has a far-reaching influence in Yuzhou. The stone carvings unearthed in the Tang and Song Dynasties show that the area around Wuliang in the Tang and Song Dynasties was still called "Dawei Township". Longmenggou without beams flows through ancient towns, Guolian Township and mountain products Township, and flows into Qinghe River, also known as Weishui, which is the auspicious water recorded in historical books. It is said that this is the place where the Yellow Emperor and his mother Fu Bao lived for a long time when they were young.
Li Daoyuan (466-527), a hydrologist in the Northern Wei Dynasty, wrote in Notes on Water Classics: "The Yellow Emperor climbed Zishan and the flood dike, and was covered by the gods." "Zhi" is a kind of fungus, which can be eaten or used as medicine. Ganoderma lucidum is one of them.
Today, there is still a natural cave halfway up the Yangpo Mountain in Juzi, which is called "Shenzhi Cave" by the masses. It is said that the Yellow Emperor once compiled a "Materia Medica" in this cave, and collected many pictures of edible and medicinal bacteria, which were handed down to the world.
"Zhuangzi Essays" said: "In the nineteenth year of the Yellow Emperor, I met Guangchengzi in Kongtong Mountain." Kongtong Mountain is located at the junction of Shaojing and Changzhuang, 20 kilometers northwest of Yuzhou City. It runs east-west, with an altitude of 669 meters. There are Qinglong Mountain and Flint Mountain in the east and Flint Mountain in the northeast. Guang was a knowledgeable philosopher in ancient times. In his early years, the Yellow Emperor needed to go to Yuanqiu Mountain to collect herbs in order to treat the phenol people, but there were so many snakes on the mountain that people were afraid to go. Hiroshi taught him a way to paint his whole body with realgar, and the snake dodged as soon as he heard it. Later, Guangcheng lived in seclusion in the mountains and became an immortal through cultivation. After Huang Di became emperor, he heard that Guang lived in Kongtong, so he climbed high to see Guang and sought the "supreme way" of heaven and earth, so as to promote the prosperity of the grain, the country and the people. Guang then told him that "flowers are born in the soil and return to the soil" and asked him to act according to the laws of nature, adjust Yin and Yang and make it work. After the death of the Yellow Emperor, he devoted himself to the cultivation of monasticism in the mountains, so he took the princess Lei Zu with him to bid farewell to his ministers in three village, Asai Township, and then went to Guangchengzi for seclusion and enjoyment. There are still many remains of the Yellow Emperor, such as Daoxiang Temple, Dedao Temple, Guangcheng Temple, Niangniang Egg Slope and Daxian Temple.
Sima Qian said: "The Yellow Emperor ruled the people with the help of Feng, Li Mu, Chang Xian and Da Hong." Among these four important officials, three stood out from the primitive tribes in Yuzhou, an ancient place.
Hou Feng is a descendant of Taihao Fuxi who lives in the upper reaches of Juci River. One day, the Yellow Emperor had a dream that the wind blew away all the dirt in the world. After the Yellow Emperor woke up from his dream, he thought, "Wind means that the order is popular, the dirt is scraped off, and then it still exists. Is there anyone named after the wind who can help me govern? " So he visited the sages everywhere, and finally, after visiting the wind in Longmenggou, he was appointed as the prime minister and led the public to attack him. Five flags are erected after the wind: East Qinglong, South Suzaku, West White Tiger, North Xuan Snake and Middle Huanglong, which are used to distinguish the ministries. Wang Feng Village, 3.5 kilometers northwest of Wuliang Town, was originally named Wang Feng Village, and the Phoenix Mountain behind the village was also derived from Wang Fengshan. Later, the food city after the wind was also sealed here, so a windward pavilion was built on Chengguan North Street to show the meaning of windward.
In fact, Li Mu was a boy who was released by the Yellow Emperor when the horse and dog asked for directions. At that time, the Yellow Emperor was surprised to see that he was very knowledgeable at an early age and had an extraordinary speech. When I came back from my visit, I suddenly dreamed that a man was holding a thousand hands and driving tens of thousands of sheep to eat grass. The Yellow Emperor suddenly realized: "Those who hold the bow of the Millennium are strong; Driving away tens of thousands of sheep is also good at grazing. Could it be that the sky should be on the boy who is herding horses? He should be Li Mingmu's name. " Therefore, effective grazing has made great contributions to the Yellow Emperor's unification of the world. In the northeast of this city 16 km north of Shantou Mountain and east of the Red River, it is said that it used to be a big pasture for shepherds. Later, people cut down the trees on the mountain and parked them in the pasture. In the flood season, they use the Red River to transport them abroad, and this place is called Damuchang.
The Dahong tribe is said to have originally lived in Dahongzhai Scenic Area in Jiushan Town. "Cradle" is a relic left by the ancestors of the great flood to resist foreign invasion. Hongchang Town, located 30 kilometers south of Dahongzhai Mountain, is the settlement of Dahongzhai tribe after it moved eastward.
Jucishan is a military base where the Yellow Emperor stationed troops to gather generals and visit sages. There are soldiers on the mountain, such as Da Hong, David, Hou Feng, Limu and Chang Xian. The main peak of Juzi is Dahongzhai, 788 meters above sea level. Further east is the wind back top, 765 meters above sea level, which is the easternmost peak of Funiu Mountain. From then on, to the east, there is no higher mountain on the vast plain in central and eastern Henan, and it is known as the "pillar of heaven".
Up to now, the city wall still has more than ten miles on the south slope of the top. The city wall is built on the mountain, all made of stone. It is 6 meters high and 2 meters thick. It is tall and majestic, extremely steep. It's unparalleled to guard by one person. Along the city, you can always see large broken walls and temples left by the camp, as well as ancient weapons such as stone balls and Shi Mao. Up to now, there are still natural landscapes such as the Imperial Garden of the Yellow Emperor and the dressing table of the daughter of the Yellow Emperor, as well as stone benches, stone cases, stone beds, plants and mountain springs related to the Yellow Emperor.
According to the literature, at the latest in the late Spring and Autumn Period, people began to hold mountaineering and ancestor worship activities. Throughout the ages, temples, shrines, palaces, temples and other sacrificial and memorial buildings have been built. Xuanyuan Temple, Huangdi Temple, Yousheng Palace, Nursery Rhyme Hall, etc. What has been preserved to this day was built before the Ming Dynasty. The Xuanyuan Temple Hall at the top of the mountain is made of stones: stone walls, Liang Shi, stone pillars, stone rafters, stone purlins and stone windows ... The hall displays the statue of the Yellow Emperor, with two plaques on it, one is "the ancestor of mankind", and the other is "the sage of heaven". Many domestic and foreign tourists have visited the Juzi tourist area and said with infinite emotion: "Juzi is the best place for China people to climb mountains to worship their ancestors, because it has both the danger of Huashan Mountain and the God of Mount Tai."