The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a picture scroll, a genre painting in the Northern Song Dynasty. Author Zhang Zeduan, whose name is Zhengdao, was born in Wu Dong (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province). Song Huizong is a court painter. When I was a teenager, I went to study in the capital city of Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan). After that, I learned painting, especially painting boats and cars, painting urban bridges, painting Guo Jing, and getting married. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is his masterpiece, which was once collected by Xuanhe Neifu. Silk book, light color, 24 8 cm long and 528.7 cm wide, is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. This painting depicts the bustling scene and natural scenery on both sides of Bianliang and Bianhe, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, during the Qingming period. In the form of a long scroll, the work uses the composition method of scattered perspective to bring complicated scenery into a unified and changeable picture. There are more than 500 people in the painting, with different clothes and expressions, interspersed with various activities, paying attention to drama, dense composition, changing rhythm and rhythm, and ingenious brushwork.
The whole picture is divided into three sections.
The first paragraph, Bianjing rural spring:
In the sparse forest mist, there are several huts, grass bridges, running water, old trees and boats. Two porters are driving five donkeys loaded with charcoal. They are going to town. A willow forest, with faint green branches, makes people feel that although it is chilly in spring, it is already spring back to the earth. In the sedan chair on the road, a woman sat in it. The top of the sedan chair is decorated with willows and flowers, followed by riders and bearers, returning from a walk in the suburbs of Beijing to sweep the grave. The description of the environment and characters points out the specific time and customs of Tomb-Sweeping Day, which opens the curtain for the whole painting.
In the middle section, the busy Bianhe Wharf:
Bianhe River is the hub of national grain transportation in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it is also the main road of commercial traffic. As can be seen from the picture, the population is dense and there are many grain ships. Some people are resting in the teahouse, some are telling fortune, and some are eating in the restaurant. There is also the "Wang's Paper Horse Shop", which is a grave sweeper selling sacrifices. Ships in the river come and go, end to end, either pulled by trackers or paddled by boatmen. Some are full of goods, going upstream, and some are nervously berthing to unload. Across the Bianhe River is a large wooden arch bridge with exquisite structure and beautiful shape. Such as flying rainbow, hence the name Hongqiao. There is a big ship waiting to cross the bridge. The boatman is supported by bamboo poles; Hook the bridge with a long pole; Lead the boat with hemp rope; Several people are busy lowering the mast so that the ship can pass. People in the neighboring ship are also pointing, as if shouting something. Both inside and outside the ship are busy crossing the bridge for this ship. People on the bridge are also sweating over the tense ferry scene. This is the well-known Hongqiao pier, which is full of traffic and bustling, and is really the intersection of land and water transportation.
In the second half, busy city streets:
Centered on the tall towers, there are rows of houses on both sides, including teahouses, restaurants, foot shops, meat shops, temples, public halls and so on. There are special commodities in the shop, such as silks and satins, jewels and spices, incense and paper horses. In addition, there are medical clinics, cart repair, fortune-telling visits, shaving and plastic surgery, and all walks of life have everything. Large-scale shops are also tied with "colorful buildings and happy doors" at the door, and banners are hung to attract business. Pedestrians in the market are jostling with each other, including businessmen doing business and people watching street scenes. There are monks walking around with baskets on their backs, tourists asking for directions from other places, street children who have heard of books, children of rich people who drink heavily in restaurants, disabled elderly people begging on the edge of cities, men, women and children, scholars, farmers, workers and businessmen, and so on. Means of transportation: sedan chair, camel, ox cart, rickshaw, flatbed, flatbed, all kinds of things. Vividly displayed in front of people.
In a total of more than five meters long picture scroll, * * * painted more than 550 people of various colors, including fifty or sixty cattle, horses, mules, donkeys and other livestock, more than 20 cars and bridges, and more than 20 ships of different sizes. Houses, bridges, towers, etc. They also have their own characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of architecture in the Song Dynasty. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan is a realistic genre painting depicting a corner of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty, which has high historical value and artistic level.
Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, painted the immortal masterpiece The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which is priceless in the painting history of China. It is a long scroll genre painting created by realistic means, which vividly reproduces the prosperous scene of Bianjing Chengping period in the Northern Song Dynasty through a detailed description of street life. The first collector of this painting was Song Huizong, who wrote the words "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" in fine gold. This masterpiece, which is well-known at all times and at home and abroad, has been appreciated by countless collectors and connoisseurs for more than 800 years after its publication, and is the goal of later emperors and dignitaries. It went from one place to another, and suffered many disasters after several wars ... The book "Dust Settled —— Documentary of the Disasters of Precious Cultural Relics in China" (Shandong Pictorial Publishing House) describes the experience of "Riverside Scene on Qingming Festival". The following is an excerpt from the book.
Treacherous court official Yan Song robbed the painting and plotted unjust cases.
Yan Song was one of the great traitors in the Ming Dynasty. With their power, he and his son Yan Shifan plundered a lot of paintings, calligraphy and antiques.
Li Rihua's Wei Shui Xuan Diary in the Ming Dynasty records that after Lu Wan's death, his wife sewed the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival into her pillow, never leaving her body, and regarded her as her own life, even her own son could not see her. Mrs. Lu has an unmarried nephew named Wang, who has a clever speech and is very popular with her. Wang is good at painting and prefers celebrity calligraphy and painting. I tried my best to beg my wife to borrow the Qingming Festival to go to the river. After repeated entreaties, the lady reluctantly agreed, but he was not allowed to bring a pen and inkstone. He is only allowed to enjoy it in the lady's attic and is not allowed to pass it on to others. Wang Xinran obeyed, watched it more than ten times in two or three months, and copied how many games? What are the five disadvantages of foundations? What happened to your thumb? Besides? Barking and screaming? Hey? Hey? 00 bought a fake from Wang and gave it to Yan Song. Tomson, the painter in Yansong, recognized the painting as a fake and blackmailed Wang Baoyu for 40 taels of silver, but Wang Shuyu ignored it. Tomson became angry from embarrassment. When Yansong held a banquet to celebrate, he washed the old color of the painting with water. Yan Song was embarrassed in front of everyone, and then he found a way to kill Yun3. The king in the painting was also implicated, arrested and starved to death in prison.
Shen Defu, another man in Ming Dynasty, once wrote an addendum to Wild Goods, but he put it another way: Yan Song's henchmen, Prime Minister Huai and Zhejiang Salt Administration, and the military affairs of Wu Heyue, the governor of Hu Zongxian, all collected famous paintings for Yan Song. When they learned that The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was in the home of Qin Wang, the late cabinet record, they went to ask for it, but Wang Jiafu was not moved by money. In desperation, the two men consulted the Mounted Police Tomson in Yan Song Palace. Tang and Wang Shouyu's son, Wang Shouyu, have a long history, and they were enemies with Shi Zhen and Shi Mao, so Wang Shouyu was encouraged to buy paintings, but Wang Shouyu could not buy them either. Tomson Bianjian then designed Wang Youyu to buy a copy of Suzhou People for Song. When Yan Song was happy, he told the truth. Embarrassed and angry, Yan Song killed Wang Youyu.
It is also recorded in Ji Xian, Xia Qing in the Qing Dynasty. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is included in Wang Yuyu's library in Taicang. Yan Song's son Yan Shifan knew about it and forced him to ask for it, so Wang Yuyu gave him a copy. Tomson happened to be nearby. Once upon a time, Wang Yun was sent to the governor of Zhejiang Province. Seeing that Tang was poor and poor, he recommended him to. Tomson didn't want to repay the kindness, and wanted to frame Wang You for prosperity, so he told Yan Yun that he had seen this painting at Wang You's house, and Wang You gave it to him as a fake. If you don't believe me, just look at the bird in the corner and see if it's a foot and two tiles. Yan Shifan looked at it carefully. As he said, he deeply hated Wang Yu. Just then, Anda invaded the Central Plains, and Wang Yu was appointed Governor of Hebei and Liao, and Yan Song and his son took the opportunity to kill him. Since then, later generations have written the legend of a handful of snow, but changed the riverside scene at Qingming Festival into a white jade cup of snow, and Wang Yuyu changed it into Mo Huaigu.
Although the above statements are different, they are all somewhat different from the facts. In fact, after Lu's death, his son was in a hurry to use money, so he sold The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival to Gu's house in Kunshan, which was forced by Yan Song and his son. Before that, Yan Song did ask Wang Baoyu to buy a "famous painting", and Wang Shuyu did buy a painting of Suzhou Wang Biao as a gift for Yan Song, only to find out later. Only southerners are "kings" and "yellows", and Huang Biao should be Wang Biao.
In Qin Long, Yan Song and his son were impeached by Zou Yinglong, and the officialdom finally fell out of power. Yan Shifan was beheaded, Yan Fu was copied, and The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was once again included in the palace.
Try your best to grab the waves and finally get home.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was first written by Lu (a native of Xiangxiang, Anhui Province) in the late Qing Dynasty. Lu Feiyong was a scholar during the Qianlong period. After he got the painting, he also printed an inscription on it. Bi yuan bought it. Bi Yuan (1730— 1797), a native of Zhenyang (now Taicang, Jiangsu), was a scholar in Qianlong for twenty-five years (1760). Bi Yuan loved epigraphy and calligraphy all his life, and he had a rich collection of books at home. After the painting "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" was won, I learned from it with my brother Bi Long (a connoisseur of collections in Qing Dynasty), and now the painting is marked by two people.
When Bi Yuan worked in Guanzhong, he devoted himself to restoring and protecting local cultural relics, but these became his "crimes". Shortly after Bi Yuan's death, Huguang people revolted against the Qing Dynasty. The Qing court believed that during his tenure as governor of Huguang, Bi Yuan not only took Gaby's post, but also killed all his family members, and his property was stolen into the palace.
After the Qing court put the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival into the palace, it was placed in Yingchun Pavilion in the Forbidden City. Emperor Jiaqing cherished it and ordered it to be included in the third edition of Shiqu Baodi. Since then, the Riverside Map on the Qingming Festival has been kept in the Qing Palace. Although the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing twice in 1860 and Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing twice in 1900, they both escaped the disaster and were not damaged.
19 1 1 years later, the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, together with other precious paintings and calligraphy, was stolen from the palace by the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi, in the name of giving it to Pu Jie, and was first stored in Bird, a concession in Tianjin. 1932, Puyi established the Puppet Manchukuo with the support of the Japanese, so this famous painting was taken to Changchun and stored in the library building of the East Courtyard of Puppet Manchukuo Palace.
1945 In August, the Second World War came to an end, and the end of the Japanese invaders came. Puyi and his Japanese master saw something bad and fled to Dalizigou by plane. The Puppet Manchuria Palace was in a mess because of the fire. In the chaos, many people took the opportunity to enter the palace to "grab foreign fish", and a large number of precious things in the fake palace were scattered to the people in this turmoil, and The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was among them.
1946, Changchun was liberated by China People's Liberation Army. Comrade Zhang Kewei, a cadre of the People's Liberation Army, collected more than ten volumes of precious calligraphy and paintings scattered in the Puppet Manchuria Palace through local cadres, including The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. From 65438 to 0947, Comrade Zhang Kewei was transferred to the Northeast Administrative Committee. Before he left, he handed over more than ten volumes to Comrade LAM Raymond, one of the main leaders who opened up the revolutionary base areas in Northeast China at that time.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival entered the Northeast Museum by Lin Feng, and was later transferred to the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing. Since then, it has become its final destination.
During the Cultural Revolution, Li Zuopeng, one of Lin Biao's four main commanders, took advantage of his power to borrow the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival from the Palace Museum for his own use. Together with Qiu, Wu and others, he occupies a large number of other precious cultural relics. After the fall of Lin Biao, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was rediscovered, and it is still treasured in the Palace Museum.
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