Goddess of Danube-Vienna, Austria

Vienna, the capital of Austria, is a world-famous city, located in the Vienna basin at the northern foot of the Alps in the northeast of Austria, surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the Danube River passes through the city, surrounded by the famous Vienna forest. The area is 4 14.5 square kilometers. The population is 65,438+563,000 (2000), accounting for more than one fifth of the national population. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Austria and the capital of Lower Austria. Railway hub from western Europe to Balkan Peninsula, Danube port.

BC is the Celtic settlement. The Romans built castles here in the 1 th century. It was first recorded as "Vinia" in 88 1 year.12nd century became a handicraft and commercial center.13rd century to 19 18 was the capital of the Habsburg dynasty, and later the capital of Austria. 1 137 is the first city in the Austrian Principality. /kloc-at the end of 0/3, with the rise and rapid development of the Habsburg royal family, magnificent Gothic buildings have sprung up like mushrooms after rain. /kloc-After the 5th century, it became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire and the economic center of Europe. /kloc-In the 8th century, Maria Tilesia and her son were keen on reform, attacking church forces, promoting social progress, and at the same time bringing prosperity to art, making Vienna gradually become the center of European classical music and gaining the reputation of "Music City". From 1945, it was managed by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France. 1955 After signing a peace treaty with Austria, the armies of the four countries retreated.

Vienna is known as the "Danube Goddess". Beautiful environment and charming scenery. It is mild in winter and cool in summer. Vienna Forest Mountain, a branch of the Eastern Alps, stretches in the western suburbs with lush trees. To the west of the mountain is a gorgeous residential area, surrounded by gardens and vineyards. The Danube River passes through the city, and the water is picturesque. Climbing to the foothills of the Alps in the west of the city, you can have a panoramic view of the undulating "Vienna Forest"; The east of the city faces the Danube Basin and overlooks the shining green peaks of Carpathian Mountain. The vast grassland in the north is like a huge green brocade, and the blue Danube winds through it. The house is built on the mountain, with thick buildings and distinct layers. From a distance, various styles of church buildings cast an ancient and solemn color on this city with green mountains and clear waters. The streets in the city are radial rings with a width of 50 meters, the inner city is in the ring road, and the trees on both sides of the boulevard cover the sky. The cobblestone streets in the inner city crisscross, and there are few high-rise buildings, mostly baroque, Gothic and Romanesque buildings. The spires of St. Stefan's Cathedral and the Twin Towers in the Middle Ages are towering into the sky, and its south tower is 138 meters high, overlooking the whole city. Chamberlain Palace is the summer palace of Habsburg dynasty, with Greek architecture, statues and fountains. There are many big parks on the island between the Danube and the Danube Canal. The National Opera House, built in 1869, is called the world opera center. 1857, a 57-meter-wide and 4-kilometer-long circular avenue, is surrounded by museums, city halls, parliaments, universities, national opera houses and other important buildings. It is one of the most beautiful urban passages in Europe. There is an intermediate layer between the circular road and another parallel circular road, with a commercial area, a residential area, a palace and a church in the middle. Outside the second ring road is the outer layer, and there are elegant parks, beautiful villas and other palace buildings in the west of the city. Among these numerous palaces, Schon Blom Palace, located in the southwest of the city, stands out as a relic of the prosperous period in Austrian history. Located in the southeast of the city, this "beautiful palace" was built by Emperor prinz eugen in the early 8th century A.D./KLOC-0 to resist the Turkish invasion. Tourism is developed. Northeast suburb and southern suburb are industrial areas, with metallurgy, machinery, automobile, railway vehicles, chemical industry and other departments, and the output of clothing and printing accounts for more than half of the country.

The name of Vienna is always associated with music. Many great musicians, such as Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, johann strauss and his sons Gluck and Brahms, have spent many years here. Haydn's Emperor Quartet, Mozart's The Wedding of Figaro, Beethoven's Symphony of Destiny, Pastoral Symphony, Moonlight Sonata, Heroic Symphony, Schubert's Swan Song, Winter Journey, johann strauss's The Blue Danube and The Story of the Vienna Forest were all born here. Their statues stand in many parks and squares, and many streets, auditoriums and conference halls are named after these musicians. The former residence and cemetery of musicians are visited and mourned by people all the year round. Today, Vienna has the most luxurious national opera house, famous concert hall and first-class symphony orchestra in the world. Every June 65438+1 October1holds a new year concert in the golden hall of Vienna Music Friends Association.

Besides new york and Geneva, Vienna is the third United Nations city. Austria International Center, also known as "United Nations City", which was built in 1979, is magnificent and is the concentration place of many United Nations agencies. It was once the seat of the central institution of the Habsburg dynasty that ruled Europe for a long time; 18 14 Austrian prime minister and foreign minister metternich showed the political power of intrigue at the protracted Vienna conference; 18 15 The emperors of Russia, the United States and Austria concluded the so-called "holy alliance" in order to put out the bourgeois revolution; Under the influence of the European Revolution from 65438 to 0848, the barricade war broke out in Vienna, and metternich fled to London. 1867 became the capital of Austria-Hungary, the European overlord; In the early 1930s, Hitler became the leader of Nazi Germany, and in March 1938, he led his troops into Vienna, thus starting the Second World War. During the war, the whole city was bombed 53 times in turn, and many classical buildings were destroyed. 1955 In May, the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, France and Austria signed the Treaty on Rebuilding an Independent and Democratic Austria in the "Beautiful Palace" conference hall, thus ending the occupation of the four countries for 10 years; 195510 June 16, the Austrian parliament declared the constitutional law "permanently neutral", and this day was designated as the National Day.

Austria is called "the heart of Europe" and Vienna is "the heart of the heart". Vienna has been a transportation hub connecting East and West Europe since ancient times and an important passage between the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic Sea.

Vienna-the capital of history and culture: Vienna is always full of colorful and attractive cultural programs. Whether it is classical music or modern drama, film and dance choreographer or opera, musical, art exhibition or concert, no matter when you visit it, you will have unlimited exploration and deep impression. You can also sit leisurely in the world-famous Vienna Cafe with a strong atmosphere and have a cup of coffee, or visit first-class traditional wineries. In Vienna, you can also taste delicious and advanced cooking techniques from European countries.

Vienna-City of Music: Music has been inseparable from Vienna for centuries. It is the birthplace of musical geniuses Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert and johann strauss. Vienna's long musical tradition continues to this day. The Vienna Symphony Orchestra and Vienna Boys' Choir, which are world-renowned, always get warm applause from the full audience in their tour performances around the world. The Vienna Conservatory of Music has continuously trained musicians who stand out in the international music scene. In addition, Vienna's rich and active modern pop music stages and places have also attracted many young people. If you like music, Vienna is absolutely unforgettable.

Historical population

At the beginning of the 20th century, Vienna was the sixth largest city in the world. The population of Vienna grew rapidly during the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867- 19 18), when many immigrants from other parts of the empire gathered in Vienna. After the First World War, many Czechs returned to their motherland, which led to a decrease in the population of this city. In the following immigration period, about one third of the population had Slavic and Hungarian surnames.