The Northern Song Dynasty is an era of drastic changes in ideology, politics and culture, and political rule needs strong ideological support. In the process of continuous integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, Confucianism gradually rises and occupies a dominant position. As a reformer, Wang Anshi is very sensitive to the unique value of Mencius. First, if we can glimpse Mencius in the future, how can we hope that Han Gongyin will live in the chaos of the Warring States Period? Mencius' theory of benevolent governance cannot be implemented at all. But Mencius' thought has a far-reaching influence on later generations, and Wang Anshi is a typical case. Wang Anshi's poetry creation was praised by Ouyang Xiu, a literary leader at that time. Ouyang Xiu's poem "To the King" said: "There are 3,000 romantic poems by Hanlin and 200 articles by the official department." Ouyang Xiu praised Wang Anshi's literary talent and thought that Gong Jing's poems were comparable to Li Bai's poems and songs. Wang Anshi clearly mentioned in the poem "Rewarding Uncle to See Li" that "if I can glimpse Mencius in the future, I will never dare to look at the Han Palace all my life", which shows that I regard Mencius as a model for learning, and Mencius plays a vital role in Wang Anshi's literary creation. It should be noted who the official department refers to. There have always been two opinions: one is that the official department refers to Xie _, and the previous volume of "Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden Cong Hua" mentioned: "Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden Yue: Xie _, the assistant minister of the official department of Qi State, is beautiful in words, moving for a while, and has a long poem of five words. This is for the European office. See Southern History. " Hu Zai took the Southern History as the basis, Xie _ as the assistant minister of the official department, and praised Xie _ for his poem "there is no such poem for 200 years", so Hu Zai inferred that "the official department" should be Xie _. Another way of saying this is that Han Yu and Zhu Yi said in "Miscellanies of Jue": "Because of the examination, Ou Gong did not take Xie Bi, and Fu Jie should not mistakenly thank Han Ye. Sun Qiao's "Looking at the Book with the Heights" said: "The literati in the Tang Dynasty were schemed by the literati. In the past two hundred years, there were only dozens of literati in the Korean official department." Europe agrees with this, and Fu Jie has never made a mistake. See Sun Qiao Collection. Zhu Yi believes that Gong Jing did not mistake the official department for Han Yu, while Sun Qiao regarded Han Yu as a literary genius in the past two hundred years in his book Looking at Gao Xi, which is in line with the title of "The official department has written for two hundred years". The two views hold their own words, and both pay attention to the two key points of "official department" and "two hundred years" To study this poem, we need to pay attention to Ouyang Xiu's own experience and literary habits. First of all, as far as my personal experience is concerned, I have obtained the collected works of Mr. Changli in Ouyang Xiushao's period, and I can't put it down. This book is Ouyang Gong's first reading. Ouyang Xiu became the leader of the poetry innovation movement, and both literary creation and poetry innovation were influenced by Han Yu. He wrote "Memorizing Korea's Old Books" to recall the past. After Ouyang Gong, Tiansheng went to Luoyang to be an official for nine years (103 1). At this time, Han Yu's articles began to be popular all over the world, forming a prosperous era of "scholars must learn from Korea". "To the King" was written in the first year of Jia _ (1056), and it was created under the background of learning Korean in composition, so it is quite reasonable for Ouyang Xiu to take Han Yu as an example here. Secondly, in terms of literary habits, we searched the complete works of Ouyang Xiu and found that Han Yu's works were highly praised, including Tang Hanyu Luochi Temple Monument, Tang Hanyu Huangling Temple Monument and Tang Hanyu Pangu Poetry Preface. Ouyang Xiu's article "A Brief History of the Tang and Han Dynasties" said: "Beggars' Sect retired to the official department after the assistant minister of the Ministry of Punishment relegated Chaozhou House for a long time, but it was passed down from generation to generation, but it was called the official department of the Han Dynasty." From this point of view, "Korean official department" is a customary title handed down from generation to generation. It is mentioned in the inscription of the tomb of the king of Hailing in the Southern Qi Dynasty that "Shang Li Shu Bu Lang" is the official position of Xie _, but there is no record in Ouyang Xiu's library that Xie _ is called "Xie Li Bu" or directly called "Li Bu". Finally, back to the poem itself, "There are 3,000 romantic poems by Hanlin and 200 articles by the official department." The last sentence is a poem, the next sentence is a judgment, and the antithesis is neat. Ouyang Xiu highly praised Han Yu's articles, and Wang Anshi's early talent in poetry and prose has been revealed. Ouyang Xiu's remarks greatly praised Wang Anshi's talent in poetry and prose as a whole. Ouyang Xiu's "official department" in this poem is Han Yuyi, which is more credible. It is clearly pointed out in Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua and Yi Zaji that the official position in Wang Anshi's poems is not Xie, but Han Yu. Han Yu's position in this field is extremely special. It can be said that Han Yu was one of the representatives who admired Mencius in the Tang Dynasty. However, Wang Anshi doesn't admire Han Yu like Ouyang Xiu, and his attitude towards Han can be seen in his poems. Wang Anshi once wrote a poem "Zi Han" for Han Yu, which can be used to explore Wang Anshi's attitude towards Han Yu. In "Zi Han", the spirit of "trying to be vulgar in words, but sparing it is useless" is a comment on Han Yu's creative ideal of "just doing what he says and doing what he does". Gong Jing's acceptance of Han Yu was influenced by the ethos of the times: Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty generally believed that Confucianism or Taoism had "lost their way" since Mencius and wanted to "learn from saints". Wang Anshi directly expressed his desire to inherit Mencius' ideal in the poem "Rewarding Uncle Yong". Han Yu held high the banner of the revival of Confucianism in the Tang Dynasty, but Wang Anshi did not directly inherit orthodoxy from Han Yu, but regarded Mencius as an example of direct learning. Second, "Mencius" poem to find a bosom friend "Wen Xin Diao Long bosom friend" cloud: "bosom friend is difficult! It's hard to know a bosom friend, but it's really hard to know. Every time you meet a bosom friend, it's a once-in-a-lifetime thing! "Since ancient times, it is hard to find a bosom friend, and literati have been enemies of strangers. Wang Anshi once wrote a seven-character quatrain called Mencius: "You can't touch your soul, but you can't touch it. I want to read it and think about it. Why don't you think the world is too pedantic, so there are people who comfort loneliness. "The first pair of couplets is about Mencius' pain of staying still and knowing each other. Wang Anshi wants to recruit the soul of Mencius, just as Liu Xie wants to follow Zhongninan in his dream, and he wants to follow the saints. The "legacy" of the Necklace refers to the book Mencius. We can't see Mencius, so we can only communicate with each other through his books. Zhuan Xu talks about Gong Jing himself. This sentence is not only written for Mencius, but also a cry in the poet's heart. As a reformer, Mencius should understand this loneliness. As an epic, this poem does not use a long speech, but injects the most sincere feelings into the poem. The short language contains his admiration and sympathy for Mencius and expresses his loneliness. This poem was written in the second year of Xining (1069), and Song Shenzong appointed Wang Anshi as a political advisor. Wang Anshi's political reform proposal was opposed by many officials, who all wrote about Gong Jing's crimes. There are several reasons why Mencius became Wang Anshi's different generation confidant: First, similar life experiences have resonated with other generations. Mencius and Wang Anshi both stepped onto the historical stage as reformers. Mencius carried out his theory among the warring states governors, while Wang Anshi, with the support of Song Shenzong, carried out the New Deal in the process of political reform. Both met with great resistance in this process. Mencius' theory did not adapt to that era and was not really implemented. Wang Anshi's political reform was strongly opposed by conservatives during its implementation. In the chaotic Warring States period, Mencius advocated benevolent governance and was considered as a pedantic person at that time. Wang Anshi is also not understood by the secular. As a lonely reformer, he can only find Mencius thousands of years ago as a confidant to solve his inner loneliness. When Wang Anshi is publicly impeached, slandered and slandered, he will use Mencius' words to defend himself. It is also similar life experiences that prompted Wang Anshi to find the shadow of a bosom friend in Mencius. Second, the enlightenment of the well-field system to the reform system. Land annexation became a common practice in the Song Dynasty, which triggered huge social contradictions. In the fifth year of Song Renzong (1053), when Zhou Shu was the general, Wang Anshi witnessed the huge social crisis brought by land annexation. Wang Anshi's poem "Union" embodies Wang Anshi's profound understanding of the disadvantages of this phenomenon, and points out the disadvantages of union through heated discussion. Wang Anshi was interested in Mencius' well field system. In the poem "Fa Xi", he mentioned that "the first king had a system of classics, and he gave a visit to build a platform to the public. I can't bear to taste this. I want to see Jingping. "The wind of merger has intensified social contradictions. Under unprecedented social pressure, the Jingtian system has inspired Wang Anshi's political reform. Wang Anshi did not directly implement the well-field system during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, but absorbed the rationality of the well-field system and implemented the square-field tax equalization law. It can be seen that Wang Anshi's acceptance of Mencius was within a rational range, and the well-field system was adapted to the relatively low productivity at that time. Wang Anshi's land equalization tax law was formulated in consideration of the economic situation in the Song Dynasty. Thirdly, Mencius provided a theoretical basis for Wang Anshi's ideological construction. Wang Anshi aimed at enriching the country and strengthening the people, established neo-Confucian orthodoxy to maintain the reform movement, and fully recognized Mencius' theory ideologically. Wang Anshi's theory of human nature directly inherited Mencius' theory of human goodness, and the article Yang Meng is the best illustration. Answer The Analects of Confucius Gong Shenfu, Meng Zishu, temperament, primacy, and principle of nature are all devoted to Wang Anshi's theory of human nature, which embodies the idea that human nature is good and good and evil are acquired differently. Mencius provided strong support for Wang Anshi's ideological construction, and Wang Anshi further expounded and spread Mencius' thoughts. Source: China National Expo.