First, the development history of ancient interior design
In primitive society, the square and round living space in Xi 'an banpo village has always been considered to be divided according to the needs of business, so as to arrange the entrance and fire prevention reasonably. The square living space near the door is provided with shallow grooves for air intake, and both sides of the entrance of the circular living space are also provided with short walls with diversion effect.
As early as in the bedroom of primitive clan society, there have been artificially made smooth and bright calcareous floors. In the ruins of the Neolithic bedroom, there are still polished, flat, solid and beautiful red fire sites. Even in caves where primitive people lived, animal shapes and hunting patterns were painted on the walls. In other words, even in the initial stage of human construction activities, people have begun to attach importance to the functions of "application and air" and "matter and energy".
The palaces of Shang Dynasty emerged from the unearthed sites, with orderly space and meticulous rules. The palace is decorated with vermilion wood and carved with white stone. A Yun Leiwen copper plate is placed under the pillar. As for the Epang Palace in the Qin Dynasty and Weiyang Palace in the Western Han Dynasty, although the construction of the palace rooms has gone up in smoke, judging from the records of documents, the production of unearthed tiles, utensils and other objects, as well as the exquisite decorative patterns such as windows and railings in the stone carvings of the tomb, the interior decoration at that time was undoubtedly accurate and gorgeous.
Laozi, a thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period, put forward in the Tao Te Ching: "Chisel the room that households think is nothing but a useful room. Therefore, some people think it is useful, but no one thinks it is useful. " This paper vividly discusses the dialectical relationship between "being" and "being", enclosure and space, and points out that enclosure, layout and utilization of indoor space are the core issues of architectural interior design. Taken together, from the perspective of Laozi's simple dialectical thinking, "being" and "nothing" are also interdependent and inseparable.
Second, the development history of modern interior design
Since the 20th century, due to large-scale industrial production, reinforced concrete and steel structures have been widely used in buildings, and the functions of buildings have become complex and diverse. Many new construction methods have been presented, and many old houses are waiting to be rebuilt because they cannot meet the needs of the times. The interior decoration industry began to break away from construction, and professional interior decoration actors and professional interior planners appeared.
In 1930s, interior decoration industry became a formal independent professional category. 193 1 year, the American association of interior decorators was established and became the predecessor of the American association of interior planners.
In 1950s, due to the complexity of architectural purpose and function, interior planning became more professional. For example, the spatial planning of large shopping malls and the planning of working space have contributed to the independence of indoor planning. As a comprehensive interior planning, it is different from the interior decoration limited to the art field, and its inclusive scale is wider and more internal.
So far, we have clearly seen that in the 20th century, especially in the 17 and 18 centuries, it would be more appropriate to call "interior planning" as "interior decoration".
After the 20th century, with the emphasis on the combination of mode and function, the concept of space was introduced into interior planning, and then "interior design" was called "interior decoration", which was not perfect. At this time, interior decoration has become one of the elements of interior planning.
At this time, "interior decoration" has evolved into an all-round "interior planning", and the title of "interior planner" has been recognized worldwide. 1957 the establishment of "interior planners' institute" in America marks the final independence of this discipline. In the same year, China also established the Interior Department in the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts.
"Interior planning" has replaced "interior decoration" as a specialized subject, which has experienced a long historical evolution, and its whole development process can be summarized as follows:
Pure decoration (primitive germination) → combination with structure (ancient Greece and Rome) → unnecessary addition of decoration for decoration (Baroque and Rococo, the heyday of decoration) → combination of decoration methods and functions from the beginning, introducing the concept of space (full-time interior planners appeared in 1930s, and American Institute of Interior Planners was established in 1950s, and interior planning became an independent discipline).
Science is progressing and society is developing. Since the 1960s, postmodernism has put forward a series of new planning ideas, emphasizing the complexity, contradiction, diversity and context of architecture, and advocating the return of human nature and the awakening of environmental awareness. With the impact of new technologies and new materials, the requirements for indoor planning are getting higher and higher.
The above is a detailed answer to the development history of ancient interior design and modern interior design. I wonder if you are satisfied with our introduction.