Based on the activities of Chen Sheng and Guangwu and reliable historical materials, this paper vividly reproduces the occurrence and development process of the first peasant uprising in China history-Daze Township Uprising, and clearly reveals its essence-a great revolutionary movement supported by the broad masses of the people and opposed to violent rule. The main character in this article is Bobby Chen. By describing the typical historical environment and characters' language behavior, the author vividly created a glorious image of a leader and organizer of the peasant revolutionary movement.

Second, the paragraph structure

This article is excerpted from Historical Records Chen She Family, which has three paragraphs:

The first paragraph describes Chen She's life as a servant when he was young, showing his ambition and rebellious spirit.

The second paragraph: Writing about the planning process of the uprising shows the struggle determination and political foresight of Chen Sheng and Guangwu.

The third paragraph: The story of Chen Sheng and Guangwu Uprising, their successful March and the establishment of political power show the great strength and historical significance of the peasant uprising.

Third, text analysis.

This lesson is excerpted from the first part of Historical Records Chen She Family. Chen She, the leader of the first peasant uprising in China history. Chen She Family is a biography of Chen She, which completely describes the whole process of Chen She uprising. The content selected in this lesson describes the cause, process and great momentum of the uprising led by Chen She and Guangwu, shows the great power of the first peasant uprising in China history, and praises the rebellious spirit and historical achievements of Chen She and Guangwu.

This paper is divided into three parts according to the development process of the event.

The first part (paragraph 1) describes Chen She's life as a servant when he was young, showing his ambition and rebellious spirit.

First, the names and native places of Chen Sheng and Guangwu are explained, and then Chen Sheng is introduced emphatically. "Try to farm with people" and point out his status as a farmer. "I have been regretting for a long time on the ridge of the field." One action, one expression and two dialogues show that Chen She was strongly dissatisfied with the oppressive and exploitative employment life when he was young, hoping to get rid of the painful situation and have great ambitions. This narrative implies that the Chen She Uprising had an ideological basis.

The second part (the second paragraph) describes the planning process of the uprising, and shows the struggle determination and political foresight of Chen Sheng and Guangwu.

First, explain the time, number and position of Chen Sheng and Guangwu Uprising, and then describe the reasons of the Uprising. "There is bound to be heavy rain", "overdue" and "all laws will be cut down" not only point out the direct cause of the uprising, but also illustrate the cruelty of the criminal law in the Qin Dynasty, which drove the peasants to nowhere. With both "death" (escape) and "making big plans" dead, they made the choice of "making big plans" between waiting for death and fighting. The narrative here shows their determination and political foresight in the struggle.

Next, the author wrote in detail Chen and Wu's analysis of the situation at that time and their strategies in a dialogue way. The phrase "The world is suffering from Ku Jin" sums up the depth of oppression and exploitation of the people by the Qin Dynasty, which is the root cause of the uprising and a favorable condition that can be used. Chen She proposed to use the contradictions within the feudal ruling group, that is, to "sing for the world" in the name of Fu Su and Xiang Yan, in order to conform to the people's hearts and establish the prestige of the uprising team. He is convinced that as long as the banner of justice is won at one stroke, "it is appropriate to respond more." It shows that he is brave and resourceful.

Finally, in order to launch the uprising smoothly, Chen Sheng and Guangwu adopted methods such as asking for divination, thinking about ghosts, collecting books in the belly of fish, and humming on bonfires. Create public opinion, inspire people, establish prestige, and convince the defenders of the inevitable trend of "Great Chu Prosperity and Chen Prosperity". As a result, the stroke in the garrison was quickly responded. Once again, it shows the fighting wisdom of Chen and Wu.

The third part (the third paragraph) describes how Chen Sheng and Guangwu launched an uprising, successfully marched and established political power, which shows the great power and historical significance of the peasant uprising.

Guangwu has a good mass base. Chen Sheng and Guangwu seized this opportunity, goaded the masses to revolt, "killed two commandant again", cleared the obstacles of the uprising, and prepared for the mobilization and organization of the uprising below. The description of the two commanders' joint killing is extremely concise and vivid. With verbs such as "stop", "start", "seize", "kill" and "do", he vividly wrote a fierce killing scene, which showed Chen Sheng's wit, courage and rebellious spirit.

Then, write a letter to mobilize the masses. Chen and Wu seized the opportunity after the "anger" of the masses, "called disciples", carried out propaganda and mobilization, and called for an uprising. They pointed out everyone's situation, analyzed their interests, and pointed out the direction of struggle ("Death is fame", that is, dying for the country). As a result, all the disciples were "respected" and ignited the anger of the resistance struggle.

Next, I explained the names of the insurgents in concise sentences-the flags of Fu Su and Xiang Yan; Sign-"right"; Known as "Great Chu"; Swearing-"alliance for the altar" and "sacrifice to the captain"; Organization and leadership-Chen She as a general and Guangwu as a captain. As a result, a vigorous peasant uprising broke out.

Finally, under the leadership of Chen She and Guangwu, the situation of the uprising army's rapid development is described. The rebels were on a roll, and the local authorities obeyed orders and fled everywhere. In the end, "making Chen She king and posthumous title Zhang Chu" won the support, response and support of the broad masses, confirmed Chen She's foresight of "responding to the times" and showed the great power of the peasant revolutionary war.

Fourth, writing skills.

1. The materials are carefully selected and the details are appropriate.

The author has a detailed selection of materials. From the whole article, it describes in detail the preparation and launching process of the uprising, as well as Chen Sheng's working as a young man, Zhao Yijun's offensive line, the establishment of peasant regime and so on. As for the anti-Qin struggle in various places, there is only one sentence mentioned. In the detail part, the focus is on Bobby Chen's paintings, and the rest, such as Rain in osawa Township, Asking for Prophecy, Foot Soldiers Panic, Alliance for the altar, etc. , are shorthand. Only through detailed writing can Chen Cansheng's extraordinary talent be highlighted. From here, we can also see the attitude of historians towards characters.

2. Describe the characters through dialogue description

The full text * * * wrote three words:

In the first paragraph, Bobby Chen's dialogue with his companions showed his lofty aspirations and rebellious consciousness.

The second dialogue between Chen Sheng and Guangwu shows their wisdom and talent in fighting.

In the third paragraph, Bobby Chen's dialogue with the defenders showed Bobby Chen's heroism in resisting class oppression.

3. Write the tone of the dialogue according to the different identities and situations of the characters.

For example, "How can you be rich as a servant?" And "wait for death, can you die?" Both sentences are interrogative sentences, but the tone is expressed in different ways. The previous sentence "Ye" is equivalent to "Ah", and the expression of the tone is definitely stronger, indicating that the "servant tiller" doesn't believe Bobby Chen at all. The last sentence "Hu" is euphemistic and contains the meaning of consultation. So as to vividly depict the characters and make the characters vivid.

A study of key paragraphs of verb (verb abbreviation)

Paragraph:

In July of the second year, 900 people entered Yuyang, osawa Township. Chen Sheng and Guangwu became captains of chariots. It will rain heavily, the road will be blocked, and the temperature has already been lost. When time is lost, the law will be cut. Chen Sheng and Guangwu said, "If you die today, you will die. How can you die if you wait to die? " Chen Sheng said: "Ku Jin suffers all over the world. I heard that II had a younger son, but it was not done properly. It was done by his son Fu Su. Fu Su admonished foreign generals with several words. If you are not guilty today, you will be killed by II. Many people have heard of their sages, but they don't know their death. Xiang Yan, the general of Chu, made many contributions and loved foot soldiers. The Chu people pitied him. Or think of death, or think of death. Today, I sincerely call myself Fu Su, Xiang Yan and sing for the world. I should respond more actively. " Guangwu thinks so. The soothsayer knew what this meant. He said, "Everything is difficult at the beginning, and you have merit. However, the ghost of the first step! " Chen Sheng and Wu Guangxi thought of ghosts and said, "This teaches me to show my ears first." The book of Dan says "Chen Wangsheng Wang", and it is put in the belly of a fish. Strangely, a pawn bought fish to cook and got a book in the fish's stomach. In the temple next to Wu, there is a bonfire at night, and what does the fox say is "Great Chu Xing, Chen". All the soldiers are afraid at night. On the day of his death, stroke often talked, all referring to Chen Sheng.

Research:

This paragraph can be divided into three layers, the first layer, from the beginning to "failure, the law was cut", writing the background of the uprising. "Tunze Township" introduces the location of the uprising, and "being a village head" is a favorable condition for calling on disciples. "If we lose time, we will cut it" is the fuse of the uprising. On the second level, from "Chen Sheng conspired with Guangwu" to "Guangwu convinced orally", Chen Sheng and Guangwu planned the uprising. Chen Sheng first made an incisive analysis of the situation, saying that "I sincerely call myself Fu Su and Xiang Yan, and sing for the world, so I should be more responsive", which reflected Chen Sheng's superior strategy. The third layer, from "Naixing Department" to the end of the paragraph, describes Chen Sheng and Guangwu's "Zhong Wei" strategy. To prepare for the uprising, they set up a fish belly and pretended to sing the fox, which showed the wisdom of Chen Sheng and Guangwu, and also reflected some characteristics of the peasant uprising in China.

Example of instructional design

Academic goal

First of all, understand the causes of the Chen She uprising and the main situation after the uprising.

Second, understand the cutting method of direct account details.

Third, experience the similarities and differences between novels and historical biographies.

Teaching assumption

First, arrange three class hours.

Second, take a holistic approach so that every "cycle" can be read, read aloud, narrated and analyzed completely.

Third, focus on some words, phrases and sentences to avoid word-by-word, sentence-by-sentence and paragraph-by-paragraph egalitarian explanations. Don't talk where there are notes. Students use notes to read the text. Take different broken sentences as examples to broaden your horizons and accumulate knowledge.

Fourth, introduce reading literary works related to the text, cultivate reading interest and improve reading level.

first kind

Teaching essentials

First, understand the general situation of Historical Records.

Second, read the text, understand the words and make clear the level.

Teaching content and steps

First of all, introduce a new lesson (combining checking the effect of reading tips and marking self-reading texts in preview) to teach reading.

Question: 1. Who is the author of Historical Records? What era is he from? 2. Who is the "aristocratic family" part of Historical Records? Why does the author include Chen She in the "family"? 3. This paper describes the story of Chen She Uprising, and at the same time, who are the relevant figures? Among these figures, who has the closest relationship with Chen She? Requirements: Students can give short answers without reading textbooks, type "Guangwu" and "Ying Ge" on the blackboard, and the fonts and strokes are correct. Then the reading tips and topic notes were introduced, which not only deepened the impression, but also triggered the demand for knowledge from the statement that "he devoted his life to writing China's first biographical history" and introduced historical records.

Narrator: About the historical records, Sima Qian's father made an imperial edict in the Han Dynasty, and Sima Qian succeeded to the throne after his death. Taishiling is an official who manages astronomy, calendars, national classics and compiles historical books. When Sima Qian was 46 years old, he was involved in the Liling incident (just a brief introduction, minimum explanation, needless to say), went to prison and was severely punished. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty forgave Sima Qian because he was very talented, and appointed him Sima Qian after the implementation of the imperial edict. He is determined to continue his father's career and write history books. Finally, I wrote a general history of China from the legendary Yellow Emperor to about 3,000 years now. The book includes 12 years (about emperors' deeds), 30 families (about princes' lineage), 70 biographies (about individuals and ethnic minorities' deeds) and 8 books (about economy, astronomy, calendar, etc.). ) and 10 table (about sorting out historical materials in tabular form). Among them, the last article of biographies is Preface to Taishi Gong, which is an autobiography. Historical Records created a "biographical style" with biographies as the center to record history. (Contact the old class: the first chronological historical work in China is Zuo Zhuan) When telling, students take brief notes; After telling the story, the students (neighbors) check each other's notes. Retell the notes by name and modify them by teachers and students.

Read aloud: read the full text by name (for students of intermediate level). If individual words have difficulties in reading, help them "pass the customs" in time to maintain a good atmosphere in the classroom. Requirements: On the basis of the first preview, deepen your impression of the text again. After reading it, understand what questions are there and answer them in time, so as to guide the exercises after the text and solve the third (oral) and fifth (written) questions of "comparative analysis" Please read the Teacher's Teaching Book more, and don't copy it here. ) After solving two problems, put forward new exercises.

Second, practice

Tip: Words have their own meanings, but to understand them, they must be put in sentences and texts. The words listed below have different meanings in different combinations.

On the ridge of 1 : go, go.

2 only hate for a long time: empty and meaningless, no need to translate in vernacular.

3. Swan ambition: equivalent to "virtue".

Kill it with II: Godai person or thing, him or it. It should be said, "I killed him. He, Fu Su ",can't say.

"II killed Fu Su", and "wisdom" does not mean "Fu Su".

Problems: "Chu people pity them", "divining ghosts" and "killing them in response to Chen She". Which of these three sentences is the same as the explanation in the example of 1-4 above? (Answer: 4)

The purpose of the exercise here is to (1) observe the full text, compare it before and after, and make it easy to distinguish. (2) Mastering and highlighting individuals in an all-round way will help to consolidate. When doing exercises, students can not only say answers, but also explain sentences with examples and encourage them to say them. It should be noted that words should be placed in sentences and texts to avoid the tendency to talk more about ancient Chinese grammar. The function word "nai" can also be used in the same way.

be

1. I entered (occupied) Chen County according to Chen.

2. Naixingbu: So I went to ask Bu.

3. Fu Su, Zi Fu Su, Zi Fu Su.

4. (Don't forget to tell me about the family sacrifice) Naion: Your father.

List "Nai seeks yue", "Nai falsely calls Zi Fu Su" and "Nai makes Fu keep others to watch babies". The word "Nai" has the same meaning as "2" in the above example.

In addition to the above "zhi" and "nai", understanding the "number" in the text can also be consolidated in this way. By comparing the sound and meaning differences between "meritorious service" and "ten thousand people", we can find that the sound and meaning of "meritorious service" and "meritorious service" are the same.

Third, guide the text and teach reading.

Tip: The original text is not segmented. Now it is helpful for reading comprehension to compile teaching materials and divide them into paragraphs. Requirements: extract the main contents of each paragraph. Read silently, faster and speak clearly, and define the level of this article: 1. Write Chen She's modality with inner dynamics, dialogues and actions, and show Chen She's great ambition. (description; This article is not a joint biography, but Chen She is the only one. As Guangwu was closely related to the Chen She Uprising and subsequent actions, he also described his nationality at the beginning. ) 2. Give priority to dialogue, write in detail the preparations before the uprising, including the environment, analyze the situation, plot with * *, and create public opinion. 3. Write the story of the uprising and the excellent situation after the uprising by means of dialogue and narration. True, vivid and orderly narration is the characteristic of Historical Records, so people not only regard it as an immortal historical work, but also evaluate it as a work with great Gao Wenxue value.

Disperse fast silent reading, experience the level and narrative vividness, and pay attention to pronunciation.

Fourth, discussion (this content is suitable for higher-level classes).

In the article, "In July of the second year, 900 people left Yuyang and moved to osawa Township." According to the Chinese version of Twenty-four History, the sentence is broken like this: "In July of the second year, Zuo Shi stayed in Yuyang, and 900 people were stationed in osawa Township." In contrast, which sentence is more explicit? Think, discuss, speak and summarize: the latter is better. According to historical records, these 900 people in TV University's Ze Township are only a part of Qin Xing's virtue movement. Reading the word "900 people" together can clarify the historical facts at that time. If the word "900 people" is above, it can be understood that only 900 people were recruited to Yuyang at that time. It can be seen that when reading ancient books, you should think twice before you act, combining historical facts. This is the way of reading.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.

Refer to the fourth question after the text, try to fill in the blanks and prepare to say the main content of the text. When speaking, we should pay attention to the "order", that is, to understand the paragraphs and the internal levels of paragraphs in the text, so as to reflect the appropriateness of the author's arrangement of materials.

Second lesson

Teaching essentials

First, practice oral English.

Second, understand the details of material selection.

Teaching content and steps

First, the introduction of new courses (combined with inspection work)

Question: Check the text, fill in the sub-item 1 of the fourth question, and fill in the answer clearly (see "Teacher's Teaching Book"). On this basis, make an oral speech.

Second, the new curriculum content

1. Telling training: Tell a story about "Chen She Uprising" with "osawa Township" as the topic. Requirements: clear-cut, focused, in line with historical facts, not exaggerated, and the event development process is clear. After the lecture, students comment and teachers summarize. Evaluation criteria: the process is orderly, the facts are clear, the speech is clear, and the language is fluent. The preparation and action of the uprising can be the focus, and others are only briefly mentioned.

2 reading training: read the full text separately, and then read by name. Requirements: Pay attention to the second paragraph and the first half of the third paragraph (from "the darling of martial arts" to "receiving and attacking"), and attract listeners with intonation, tone and speed of speech.

3. Summary (combination of telling and asking questions): (1) written; Cut it properly. Detailed discussion and public opinion preparation before the uprising, the specific process of the uprising. Others, such as servants plowing the fields, favoring the land, fighting against the enemy, punishing Qin officials, etc., are briefly recorded. This writing shows the author's historical talent, is good at tailoring historical materials, and highlights the main contents of the uprising. (2) Vivid description: The article describes the psychology, words and actions of the characters in detail; The other sketches are only general descriptions. Writing in this way shows that the author is good at highlighting key points, and his writing is vivid and literary. (3) Clear-cut: "The swallow knows the ambition of the red dove" is a sentence expressed by the characters, which runs through the whole article.

Before the uprising, delay was the fuse. When planning, he is good at analyzing the situation from the "bitter Qin" to determine the plan. When preparing, the green fox sings and writes with silk, and is good at creating public opinion. During the uprising, Wu Guangxian "offended the commandant", and then Chen Sheng helped him kill the commandant and immediately called on the whole people to obey. The phrase "princes would rather have seeds" has well grasped the opportunities and ambitions in their hearts. If you kill Wei first and then call him, things will be easy (if you call him first, the effect will be different if you don't kill Wei), which shows that he is good at planning and designing carefully. It is natural to write down: follow the trend and be king in time. In short, this writing shows the owner's "flying pigeon ambition" and at the same time, it also shows consistency. It's appropriate for predecessors to evaluate Sima Qian's good command of order and reason, and to praise him for "writing straightforwardly and focusing on affairs". Just click here and talk about it later. )

Third, homework

Read the text repeatedly after class.

The third category

Teaching essentials

Read Mao Dun's short story osawa Township first.

Second, compare the similarities and differences between novels and historical biographies.

Teaching content and steps

First, the introduction of new courses.

Narrator: Mao Dun wrote the short story osawa Township on 1930. At that time, in the early stage of the Second Revolutionary Civil War, farmers' revolutionary consciousness gradually awakened and their ability to resist reactionary rule gradually increased. Copy (or copy) Mao Dun's short stories according to People's Literature Edition 1980.

Secondly. New curriculum content

Students read osawa villagers' requirements: read silently for 2-3 times, and compare with the Chen She family recorded in history to see if there is any difference. Considering the subject matter, genre and writing method, underline the text (single horizontal line and curve according to everyone's own usage habits), or write down the main points in the left and right blanks. There is no need to limit the content of the answer to the question, but to make students' thinking active and gallop freely, thus arousing students' interest. After reading it, speak in a low voice before you speak. The teacher looked around to find out what the students were saying, so as to help summarize. To sum up, the big end can be as follows:

1. Subject: Similarly, fight against Qin in osawa Township.

2. Materials: The text is taken from biographies, and the materials are more than those in osawa Township. "osawa Township" is a short story, which is selected as a "cross-section" and focuses on the Daze Township Uprising. Unlike biographies, it also writes about things other than the Uprising (such as being a native, being a servant, marching, being a king, etc.). ).)

3. Genre: The Chen She Family is a biography, which needs to describe the owner's biography, so the length of the book depends on the amount of biography. Osawa Township is a short story, and its length is limited by its genre characteristics.

4 Characters: According to the style of historical biography, the Chen She family described the general situation of the biography from the beginning (this article needs people who are closely related, but this can't be regarded as "joint biography"), and the story of the biography runs through the whole article. Osawa Township) first describes the environment, the escort officer "appears" first, and then Master Chen appears when the story unfolds. Sometimes, when a scene depicts other people, the owner may not appear.

5. Writing: The Chen She Family follows the requirements of "history" and pays attention to "recording". Although article 4 pao describes people's dialogues, actions, etc. Its purpose is not to describe, but only to describe, not to imagine, and not to use literary and artistic techniques. There is a scene description in osawa Township, which is used to illustrate the development environment of the plot, or to combine this description with the psychological activities of the characters, thus playing a role in expressing the characters' personalities. The author describes the appearance, movements and psychology of the characters, portrays the characters and gives them reasonable imagination space. For example, the first part describes the personalities of two officers and their ideological activities, which are opposite to each other. The second part is written as the resentment of pawn; In the third part, the officers secretly discussed killing the garrison; The fourth part writes the scene of the uprising.

Center 6: The Chen She Family is intended to reflect historical facts, while The Village of Weize highlights the theme of class opposition and class contradiction.

Summary (narrative-oriented): After reading Chen She Family, you can get a preliminary understanding of the characteristics of Historical Records only by selecting some words from this section: "Its text is straight, its core is beautiful, and it does not hide evil, so it is called a record." Because of his great achievements in history and literature, Lu Xun called it "the swan song of historians". osawa Township wrote great events in a short space, and the author was ingenious. It is quite natural to cast some historical events in the article. For example, in the thirty-sixth year of Qin Shihuang, the people complained about Qin, and under the guise of the rumor that a meteor in the sky was a dead stone, an emissary traveled peacefully at night and heard the fairy say that Zulong (referring to Qin Shihuang) deserved to die. Meng Tian, the general, led a large-scale reclamation and frontier defense, which was a great tyranny of Qin. The author also criticized the rulers of Qin with the words of belle of Han Dynasty, and used these historical events to strengthen the anti-Qin atmosphere, but it was different from the biographical records of characters' actions. The author also wrote some thought-provoking sentences in his works. For example, "But the slave flood in Zuo Yan is too big, too big", "The underground is booming" and so on.

translate

Chen Sheng, a native of Yangcheng County, is called She. Guangwu is a native of Yang Xia County. His name is Uncle. When Bobby Chen was young, he was hired to farm with others. (One day), he stopped farming and went to the highland near the field (rest). Sighing for half a day, he said to his companions, "Whoever is rich one day, don't forget our poor brothers." The cave companion answered him with a smile: "You can't be rich if you are a cow and horse!" Chen Sheng sighed and said, "How can the sparrow know about the red pigeon?

Lingyun ambition! "

In July of the first year of Qin Ershi, 900 poor people were recruited to keep Yuyang and temporarily stay in osawa Township. Bobby Chen and Guangwu are both in this team and serve as team leaders. It rained heavily and the road was blocked. I guess I have missed the deadline. If you miss the deadline, you will be beheaded according to the military law of the Qin Dynasty. Chen Sheng discussed with Guangwu, saying, "Run away or die now, and you will die if you rebel. They're all dead anyway. How about restoring the state of Chu after death? " Chen Sheng said: "The people of the whole country were oppressed by the Qin Dynasty for a long time and suffered terribly. I heard that II was the week of Qin Shihuang. Son, you shouldn't be a monarch, you should be a prince Fu Su. Fu Su, because he repeatedly remonstrated with the first emperor, initially sent him to the frontier to lead troops. Recently, it was rumored that I killed him for no reason. Most people heard that he was clever, but they didn't know that he was dead. When Xiang Yan was a general of Chu, he made a lot of contributions and took care of his foot soldiers. Chu people like him very much. Some people think that he died in the battle, while others think that he escaped. Now, if we pretend to be the team of childe Fu Su and Xiang Yan and call on the whole country, there should be many people responding. " Guangwu thinks (this view is correct. (two people) and then went to calculate divination. Knowing their intentions, the fortune teller said, "You can achieve everything and make contributions. But you'd better ask ghosts and gods! " Bobby Chen and Guangwu are very happy. They figured out the meaning of "asking ghosts and gods" and finally realized: "This is to teach us to establish prestige among people first." So he wrote the word "Chen" on the note with vermilion, and then stuffed the note into the stomach of a fish caught at home. The soldier bought fish and cooked it. It was very strange to find that there were silk strips in the belly of the fish. (Chen Sheng) secretly sent Guangwu to hide in the Ci Hall surrounded by grass trees near the station, lit lanterns (ghost people) after dark, pretended to be the voice of a fox, and shouted to (soldiers): "Great Chu is revived, and Chen Sheng is king." The soldiers were shocked and frightened all night. The next day, everyone talked about it and pointed fingers at Bobby Chen.

Guangwu usually cares about the people around him, and most soldiers are willing to contribute to him. (That day) (two) officers were drunk, and Guangwu deliberately offered to escape many times, causing them to catch fire and let them punish him to anger the soldiers and the masses. That officer did whip Guangwu. The soldiers were angry. The officer drew his sword to intimidate (soldiers). Guangwu jumped up and grabbed the sword to kill him. Chen Sheng assisted Guangwu and killed two officers together. Chen Sheng called all the guards together and announced the order, saying, "Everyone (here) was caught in heavy rain, and they all exceeded the prescribed time limit for reaching Yuyang. If you are late, you will be beheaded. Even if you don't get killed, six or seven of the 80 people guarding the frontier fortress will die. Besides, if a gentleman doesn't die, there will be great things. Are princes and nobles born expensive? " The guards replied in unison, "I will obey your orders." So they pretended to be the team of Fu Su and Xiang Yan, the sons, to obey the wishes of the people. Everyone showed his right arm, calling it a sign of rebellion, and played the flag of Chu. Another high platform was built and an oath ceremony was held, sweeping the world with the heads of two officers. Chen Sheng was appointed general and Guangwu was appointed captain. The insurgents attacked osawa Township (first), occupied it, and then attacked the county seat. After conquering Xinxian County, Ying Ge led troops to capture the eastern part of Xinxian County. (Chen Sheng) attacked Ren, Nuo, Tuo, Qiao and other counties, all of which were captured. ~ retreat on the road. When we hit Chen County, there were six or seven hundred chariots, more than 65,438 war horses and tens of thousands of foot soldiers. When attacking Chen county, the county magistrate and the county magistrate were not in the city, and only the guarding city led the troops to fight at the reef gate. The insurgents could not be defeated (for a while), and the army was killed (soon) before entering Chen County. A few days later, Chen Sheng called local township officials and prestigious Jin * * to discuss major issues. These people said with one voice: "General, you go into battle in person, crusade against the cruel and heartless State of Qin, restore the State of Chu, and be king on merit." So Chen Sheng was acclaimed as king, claiming to rebuild Chu. At this time, the people oppressed by the officials of counties and counties in the Qin Dynasty, in response to Chen Sheng's call, revolted in succession, punishing local officials and killing them.