Basic visual abilities include visual cognition, visual discrimination, visual logic and visual memory. Visual cognition and visual discrimination are the basis of the development of visual function. Through the visual perception training of shape, size and color, amblyopic children can gradually understand the external characteristics of things and phenomena and form visual impressions. Visual logic and visual memory are advanced stages in the development of visual function, which can not only make amblyopic children form short-term memory or long-term memory of what they know, but also accurately understand a logical internal relationship between what they see.
Basic visual skills are related skills in visual operation, such as fixing images, locating, identifying, following and searching. Through training, amblyopic children can learn visual operation (hand-eye-brain coordination), master visual skills, establish visual impression and form visual memory, improve the image processing process of visual neurons in cerebral cortex, and thus promote their visual application ability.
Visual skill training of "augmented vision" mainly includes visual cognitive training, visual logic training, visual discrimination training, visual memory training, visual following training, hand-eye (brain) coordination training, visual breadth training and other visual skill training, which can effectively strengthen the coordination of hands, eyes and brains of amblyopia patients, improve the visual functions of amblyopia children in visual positioning, cognitive recognition, following, searching and visual memory, and improve amblyopia.
The following are some visual skills training programs:
First, eye movements.
When observing the outside world, we often need to exercise our eyes effectively. Common eye movements are fixation, saccade and following movement. Gaze refers to staring at a static target for a long time, such as we know a new word. Scanning refers to the jumping of gaze between different static targets, such as jumping from one word to the next when we read. Follow-up means that we keep an eye on the goal of continuous exercise. For example, when we play ball, we must stare at the moving ball and make correct judgments and reactions.
When the eye movement function is defective, it will generally lead to the following problems: often forgetting the position, dropping words, rereading, slow reading speed, poor reading comprehension, poor sports performance, and difficulty in concentration.
Second, the visual focus
When we look at objects at different distances, we must use our adjustment function to adjust the curvature of the lens according to the distance of the object to ensure that the image of the object on the retina is clear. In class, students' eyes are constantly switching between the blackboard, the teacher and the textbook, which requires higher focusing ability.
When the visual focusing function is defective, we can't adjust the curvature of the lens quickly and effectively, so it is difficult to ensure the clear imaging of the object when the gaze point changes between targets at different distances, which leads to visual fatigue and learning difficulties.
Third, visual discrimination.
Visual discrimination refers to our ability to accurately distinguish subtle differences. This requires not only good eyesight, but also good understanding.