The rule of Qin dynasty was extremely cruel, and endless military service, corvee and tyrannical punishment brought great disaster and pain to the people. Especially when Qin Ershi came to power, his rule was even darker. Thus, the peasant uprising led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu finally pushed the Qin Dynasty to the road of extinction.
Qin Shihuang, Ying Zheng and Zhao (born in Zhao) were born in 259 BC and died in 2 10 BC at the age of 54. In 247 BC, his father, King Xiang Zhuang (named), died. At the age of thirteen, he was elected King of Qin. In the twenty-sixth year of King Qin (22 BC1), Qin destroyed six countries and unified the whole country. The King of Qin was renamed the first emperor, and its capital was Xianyang (now Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province). In the thirty-seventh year of Qin Shihuang (2 10 BC), Ying Zheng died at the age of fifty while touring the city. Hu Hai II succeeded him. In the second year (207 BC), in August of the third year, eunuch Zhao Gao killed Hu Hai Li Xuanziying (the son of his younger brother Hu Xuanxiong). In October of that year (at the beginning of Qin Dynasty, the solar calendar was 206 BC), Zi Ying fell to Liu Bang, and Qin died.
The ancestors of Qin people were originally ancient tribes in the west. When Zhou was in China, its leader Fei Zi kept horses for Zhou people between Yu and Wei, and was given the surname Win (also known as Qin Win). In Zhou Xuanwang, Zhuang Gong and Kun Di, chiefs of the Qin tribe, were ordered by the King of Zhou to lead 7,000 troops to defeat Xirong, so they were called "doctors of Xihuang". By the end of the Western Weekend, Qin Xianggong had established a slave country. Because of his meritorious service in escorting Zhou Pingdong's expedition, he was made a vassal by King Ping and a land of the Western Regions. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Degong moved the capital to Yong (now Fengxiang, Shaanxi); Qin Mugong, a powerful country, has become a vassal state. During the Warring States Period, Qin Xiaogong appointed the legalist Shang Yang to carry out political reform and innovation, which laid a solid foundation for the development of feudal economy and feudal political system. Since then, Qin has become more and more powerful. By the time of the King of Qin, the six countries of Korea, Zhao, Wei, Yan, Chu and Qi had been wiped out, unified the whole country and established the first centralized feudal country in Chinese history.
The unification of the Qin dynasty ended the long-standing situation of vassal separatism.
It is conducive to the stability of people's lives and the development of social production, and conforms to the common aspirations of people of all ethnic groups at that time.
The territory of the Qin dynasty, east to the sea, west to Longxi, north to the Great Wall and south to the South China Sea, greatly exceeded.
Last generation.
The Qin Dynasty was the first unified multi-ethnic feudal country in the history of China.
After the unification of the six countries, Ying Zheng took Xianyang as its capital to establish feudal centralization and consolidate reunification.
First, a series of measures have been taken:
1, political measures. In order to establish the supremacy of imperial power, Ying Zheng stipulated that the supreme ruler of feudal countries was called the emperor.
Emperor, all political, economic and military power of the country is concentrated in the hands of the emperor. Establish central and local governments
In terms of administrative institutions, the central government has set up official positions such as prime minister, censor and Qiu, and the county system has been implemented in local areas.
Degree, the country is divided into 36 counties, counties under the county. In this way, the emperor firmly ruled all over the country.
Control it in your own hands.
2. Economic measures. Unified measurement, length, capacity and weight have unified standards, which is convenient.
Economic development. Unified currency, Qin's round square hole money, as a unified currency, all over the world.
China, which is very useful for promoting economic exchanges among all ethnic groups and regions.
3. Cultural measures. Unified characters, with simplified Chinese characters and small seal characters as the standard font, are ordered to be produced nationwide.
Use. As a result, there appeared a font official script that was simpler than Xiao Zhuan's writing. Now the regular script is
It evolved from official script. The unification of writing promotes cultural exchange. Burn books to bury Confucianism and strengthen ideological control
System. In 2 13 BC, historical books, folk collections of poems and hundreds of books outside Qin,
All the books were burned, except medicine, opium and planting. In the second year, some alchemists and Confucian scholars followed.
On the greed, arbitrariness and excessive punishment of Qin Shihuang. Qin Shihuang traced it and finally buried 460 people alive. this
There are two things in history called "burning books" and "burning books to bury Confucianism".
After the establishment of the Qin dynasty, the rule was cruel and brought great pain and disaster to the people.
The taxes in Qin dynasty were very heavy, and there were many military service and corvee, and the laws were particularly harsh.
In July 209 BC, an uprising led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu broke out, and farmers all over the country killed officials.
Occupy counties and respond to the uprising. After the sacrifice of Chen Sheng and Guangwu, Xiang Yu led the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty.
And Liu bang.
In 207 BC, Xiang Yu defeated Qin Jun's main force at Julu.
In 206 BC, the rebels led by Liu Bang captured Xianyang.
The so-called powerful Qin Dynasty was finally overthrown by revolutionary peasants.
After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang competed for the emperor for nearly four years from 206 BC.
This war is called "Chu-Han War" in history.
Finally, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu, established the Han Dynasty, and made Chang 'an its capital. Historically known as the Western Han Dynasty.
Qin Shihuang was an emperor who made great contribution and influence to the history of China. He conformed to the trend of historical development, unified China, ended the long-term separatist regime of governors, and was conducive to the stability of people's lives and social production, in line with the common aspirations of people of all ethnic groups; He established the centralization of feudal autocracy, which had a far-reaching impact on Chinese history; Unified national weights and measures, currency and writing, promoted economic and cultural exchanges in various places, and consolidated national unity; Through the unified war, the territory was expanded, and the Qin Dynasty became the first unified multi-ethnic country in the history of China.
Qin Shihuang was also a brutal feudal emperor. Excessive taxes, heavy military service and corvee, and harsh criminal law have brought pain and disaster to the people; Burning books and burying Confucianism stifled thoughts and destroyed culture; Its cruel rule eventually led to the peasant uprising and the demise of the Qin Dynasty. Compared with the merits and demerits, Qin Shihuang's merits and demerits were greater than his faults.
The Qin dynasty played a connecting role. It ended the history of slavery in China and opened a more glorious period of feudalism in China. It was Qin Shihuang who regarded "I" as a synonym for the emperor. China's writing had an extra feature in the Qin Dynasty, Li Shu. In a large-scale war, China began the development of a multi-ethnic country. Of course, other historical values are too numerous to mention. The Qin dynasty lasted for more than 30 years, but it has influenced our country for thousands of years, and its historical status is of course very high.
(1) ended the long-term separatist regime and established the first unified multi-ethnic feudal country in the history of China.
(2) Created a political and economic system that had a profound impact on the history of China and was inherited by later generations.
(3) The death of the Qin Dynasty due to tyranny taught the rulers of the Han Dynasty and later generations a profound lesson.
The Great Wall of Wan Li built in Qin Dynasty is a great ancient project with far-reaching influence.