Why did the Soviet Union in its heyday hold an unprecedented exercise in human history?
Soon after, China also held a big North China exercise, which shocked the whole world. Is this a coincidence? Or?
Why did such a powerful Soviet Union unexpectedly disintegrate?
This should start with the autumn of 19 17. The Russian revolution broke out in February, which led to the fall of the tsar and the disintegration of Russia. "October Revolution" Soviet Russia was born. Building a socialist country.
1922 12, Soviet Socialist Republics merged to form the first country with socialist concept-the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics for short.
At that time, the largest country in the world was the Soviet Union. Eastern Europe is the majority, as well as Central Asia and North Asia.
In the 1970s, the existence of two superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States changed the world. The United States turned from the initial attack to the defense, and the Soviet Union turned from the defense to the attack.
Why is this?
In the 1970s and 1980s, the Soviet Union was at the peak of its national strength, with the most powerful army and the largest arsenal in the world, and it was likely to "swallow the world".
198 1 year, the Soviet union organized a super-large military exercise. This military exercise, named "West -8 1", is the largest in human history.
At that time, the Soviet army had 60,000 infantry fighting vehicles, 50,000 tanks, armored vehicles and paratroopers. The air force has tens of thousands of planes, as well as the national air defense forces, and they also have some soldiers. At that time, Soviet nuclear weapons also reached its peak, with the number of nuclear weapons exceeding 40,000, including 1 intercontinental nuclear missile, and Soviet nuclear forces could cover the earth many times.
At that time, the Soviet navy was also quite awesome, with six aircraft carriers in service, including two helicopter carriers, four cruisers and nearly 100 nuclear submarines. At that time, the Soviet Union and the world estimated that only the US military could compete with the Soviet Union.
198 1 autumn, on the day of the military exercise, the Soviet Union invited observers from NATO countries to watch the military exercise on the Baltic coast. This naked abdominal muscle show makes NATO countries feel like enemies, and NATO military personnel are blue in the face, fearing that the Soviet Union will pretend to be true in front of them and directly end Europe.
All countries are in a state of first-level combat readiness.
For all countries, the most terrible thing is that the Soviet Union can raze Europe in seven days without blowing off dust, and it is very close, right under the nose of the Soviet Union.
Although the United States will shelter them, the United States is far away, separated by an ocean. If we really fight and wait for the United States to help, the day lily is estimated to be cold and can't be counted on.
In order to make this military exercise more shocking and realistic, the Soviet army demanded that the military exercise be as realistic as possible from the beginning, and the visual impact should be first-class.
In order to bring "fear" to the observers present as much as possible, in this exercise, the Soviet Union used all the real knives and guns to restore the military exercise site to the maximum extent.
Not only that, in this exercise, the Soviet Union also used the strategic rockets of the Navy Rocket Force. The artillery and at least ten main forces, with a total force of more than 500,000 people and tens of thousands of tanks, are spectacular, and even if they are remembered decades later, their memories are as good as new.
As the saying goes, you have to do a full set of plays. Although we have a realistic visual impact, at the same time, we can't let the tactics fall behind and play the momentum of the Soviet Union. Therefore, this military exercise was commanded by Marshal Uski, the Soviet Defense Minister.
This Soviet exercise was also divided into red and blue sides. The red side is the offensive side and the blue side is the defensive side. All arms and services took part in this unprecedented exercise.
The military exercise sent 380,000 troops, more than 4,200 main battle tanks, more than 8,200 armored vehicles, 65,438+10,000 trucks and cars, as well as 700 fixed-wing aircraft and 700 helicopters of various types. There are still 750 tanks with more than 500,000 people, claiming to have moved their toes, which is enough to make NATO tremble. Even today, the standing armies of many European countries are less than 200,000, and a western army alone can pacify a large number of countries.
The practice lasts for 8 days. The general procedure of the exercise is to launch a missile strike in depth, then launch an air bombing, and then under the cover of the air, the ground cluster will assault forward, accompanied by the fire cover of tactical missiles and artillery.
The tactics of military exercises are still relatively old, but quantitative changes lead to qualitative changes. In the Soviet Union's vision, many missiles aimed at NATO campaign clusters are nuclear missiles, which is equivalent to the Soviet Union stepping on nuclear weapons from east to west.
Even now, the Western -8 1 military exercise still has its incomparable deterrent power. The scale of "raiders of the lost ark" alone is enough to shock the world. It can unite so many armies and such complex services and arms, let so many countries fight together, carry out unified actions under unified organizations and orders, and cooperate with each other to complete combat tasks for the same campaign goal. Such organization, command and support are enough for the rest of the world.
On the eighth day of the exercise, the new Soviet tank group cooperated with the air and sea departments to beat the simulated French Dunkirk troops out of the water, which directly blocked the possibility that the defenders tried to wait for US troops to reinforce from the English Channel.
After watching this shocking exercise, some western countries were also silent.
However, while the Nordic countries were still immersed in the fear of Soviet military exercises, there was a movement in Zhangjiakou, North China, and the People's Liberation Army also held the largest military exercise in history, and China also began military exercises.
Immediately after the disintegration of the Soviet Union 10, China held an anti-aggression exercise. Will other countries comment on this at this sensitive moment?
Judging from the international situation, great changes have taken place in the world pattern in the 1970s, and Sino-US relations have changed from a hostile state of breaking off diplomatic relations to normalization. This brings hope for China to solve the problem of Taiwan Province Province and realize the great cause of national reunification.
197 1 10 China joined the United Nations and became an important participant and defender of the international order. As a world power, we must have our own modern army.
Moreover, the bipolar pattern led by the United States and the Soviet Union has become unstable, the trend of multipolarization is unstoppable, and international relations are turbulent.
Although China, as a nuclear power, does not have to be bullied like other small countries, under the bipolar structure, only self-improvement is the most important thing, and history has proved that relying on others is not a long-term way after all.
Bing Gu said, "Without training, the army should not be one; Apply what you have learned, one can be a hundred. " Deng Xiaoping, a strategist, once commanded thousands of troops on the battlefield, and he knew the importance of training an army in a peaceful environment for a long time.
Therefore, at the "80 1" meeting of the Central Military Commission, Comrade Deng Xiaoping put forward the training requirements for synthetic army operations in view of the military training at that time.
He also made it clear that the benefits of actual military exercises to the troops are self-evident, and they can actually exercise the troops and show the training results. We haven't conducted such a large-scale exercise for a long time. This kind of exercise can not only improve the morale of the army, but also increase the actual combat experience and level of the army. Subsequently, the central government decided to carry out the first set of war exercises.
The exercise began on September 14, with four contents: First, it simulated the defense of the blue army's large-scale tank attack; The second is airborne and anti-airborne; The third is the offensive and defensive warfare of the army position; Fourth, campaign reserve counterattack.
The military exercise is also a red-blue confrontation, which simulates the blue army launching a full-scale attack on China by surprise attack. First use nuclear weapons and long-range aviation to attack important targets in China's defense depth, and then use tanks and armored vehicles to attack North China under the cover of the air force in an attempt to seize strategic positions.
China's "Red Army" quickly mobilized, entered a state of emergency and launched a counterattack, crushing the "Blue Army"' s offensive attempt. Does this exercise sound familiar, but don't daydream for no reason. The enemy blue army does not refer to the Soviet Union. )
China's army dispatched114,000 people and used 1327 tanks and armored vehicles, 475 aircraft and154/cannon. After five days of military exercises, the blue team began to attack violently, and the red team quickly entered the defensive state. With the help of artillery and aviation firepower, it withstood the attack of the blue army and shattered the "conspiracy" of the blue army. Moreover, the safety guarantee of the big exercise was accurate, and no one was killed or injured.
The military exercises in North China have made the China People's Liberation Army's strategic policy of "active defense" concrete, made an in-depth discussion on how to defeat the enemy with existing equipment, and played an important role in training cadres, especially senior cadres, comprehensively training troops, and improving the cooperative combat capability of services and arms under modern conditions.
This is a great encouragement and impetus to the revolutionization, regularization and modernization of our army. The military exercises in North China aroused strong repercussions at home and abroad, greatly inspired the people of China and had a deterrent effect on international hegemonism.
International public opinion evaluation: this is "an excellent army" and "a wonderful exercise, which is the greatest display of the PLA's strength.
Deng Xiaoping spoke highly of this exercise. He said: "This exercise has tested the achievements of the army's modernization and regularization, better reflected the characteristics of modern warfare, explored the experience of coordinated operations of various services and arms under modern conditions, and improved the military and political quality and actual combat level of the army.
This is a powerful impetus to the construction, combat readiness and training of the whole army. The exercise achieved the expected purpose and was successful. "
The North China exercise also came to a successful conclusion, firmly on the road to becoming a world power.
Therefore, judging from the working process of our party, the North China exercise was held to defend the country and improve the quality of our army, and it had nothing to do with the Soviet 8/KLOC-0 exercise.
After 198 1 North China University exercise, China's army building entered a new era. However, the Soviet Union quickly slipped into disintegration after its peak, and the 8 1 military exercise that shocked the world failed to save this decadent empire.
Conclusion: The disintegration of the Soviet Union declared the end of the Cold War. The Soviet Union stayed forever at 199 1 year, while China, which they were eyeing at that time, was moving towards glory step by step.
With the military development of various countries, once they fall behind, they may be beaten. Although the Soviet Union has disintegrated, the international situation is changing rapidly, and no one can say what it will be like tomorrow. Only by constantly strengthening our own strength can we protect the country and the people.