In the history of music, there are two important music schools in Vienna. I would like to ask when these two music schools appeared, representing composers, their respective characteristics and innovations. The composers of 18 and 19 century, Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven, are often called Vienna Classical Music School in western music history. In the 20th century, three other composers appeared in Vienna: Schoenberg, Berger and Wilbur. They are called the Second Vienna School or the New Vienna School.

The representative figures of Vienna Classical Music School are Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.

Features:

Vienna Classical Music School was formed in Vienna from the second half of18th century to the 1920s of19th century with the development of the Enlightenment. The representative musicians are Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. The main features of this music school are:

(1) In terms of music content, music works were influenced by the ideological trend of the Enlightenment at that time, with the theme of eulogizing people's spirit and reflecting the beauty of nature.

(2) In terms of musical texture, the dominant position of the main melody melody is established, with clear harmony texture and distinct musical structure.

(3) In the aspect of music genre, it laid the foundation of symphony, quartet, concerto, sonata and other genre forms, making it more perfect and standardized.

(4) Inheriting the cultural tradition of German and Austrian music, with strong artistic appeal and superb composition techniques, classical music reached its peak and had a far-reaching impact on later music.

Influence: Vienna Classical Music School inherited the development of Baroque music, which is a musical style, or an era in the history of European music. Symphony, solo concerto, string quartet, multi-movement sonata and other genres have appeared in this era. Sonata form and Rondo form became the most common forms of classicism and The Romantic Period, which had far-reaching influence until the 20th century. Compared with the Baroque period, the establishment of the orchestra has increased, and the orchestra led by the conductor has gradually become a routine. Modern piano appeared in the classical period and gradually replaced the position of harpsichord.

Schoenberg and his two students, Weber and Weber, are representatives of the new Vienna school of music.

Features: Pursuing absolute freedom in form, breaking the old tradition, and coming down in one continuous line with expressionism in painting.

Difference from traditional music: Expressionist music is completely opposite to the old tradition, completely ignoring the tonality law of the past. Pay equal attention to the twelve semitones in the octave, abandon the traditional concepts of tonic and dominant, and let atonality occupy an absolute advantage. Because the old melody track is destroyed, the melody is neither balanced nor repeated, so it is just a series of unique sounds. In addition, the rhythm is elusive and the beat is ignored. Formally, it is very free, because it ignores the traditional methods of convergence, repetition and balance. However, based on the new theory, it has unique, fluid and infinite development. In counterpoint, there is a feeling of breaking away from traditional harmony and becoming a complex and free melody line, which is also called linear free counterpoint. In the method of band arrangement and orchestration, it is different from the huge structure and sound exaggeration pursued by romanticism in the later period, but adopts exquisite and simple small arrangement, which often has obvious chamber music color. Its color is not as mysterious as impressionism, but simple, bright and strong.