The great progress of technology will often bring great influence to the development of cities. The invention of the steam engine led to the initial industrial revolution and urbanization development; The popularity of automobiles has led to the suburbanization of cities. Modern information technology represented by computer and its network technology and modern communication technology is the leading field of contemporary scientific and technological development. Modern information technology is developing at a speed unprecedented by any other technology, involving all aspects of society with a depth and breadth unprecedented by any other technology. "No matter how short the memorabilia in the 20th century, especially since World War II, we will never ignore the great progress of information technology and its extensive economic and social impact."
I. Positive impact on cities
Nowadays, the world is marching towards the information age, and information has become the "blood" and "lubricant" of social and economic development. Modern information technology has widely infiltrated and changed people's life, study and work; The information industry is gradually becoming the largest industry in the world. Under the impact of this information wave sweeping the world, many aspects of urban development, such as urban planning, urban construction, urban management, and traditional forms and functions of cities, are also strongly influenced by modern information technology, and cities are facing new development opportunities.
1 scientific nature of urban planning.
Urban planning is the fundamental basis of urban construction, an important means to guide urban construction and implement urban management, and plays a leading role in urban development. Modern information technology expands the theory and practice of urban planning, updates the methods and means of urban planning, greatly improves the labor productivity of planners and the scientificity, artistry and creativity of planning and design schemes, and also strengthens public participation. Future urban planning should fully consider that the "smart city" to be formed in the information civilization era is different from the reorganization of urban spatial structure in any previous era; It is necessary to take geo-information science, human settlement environment science and regional sustainable development as the theoretical and methodological basis, and embody the idea of urban planning: 1 ideal, rationality, comprehensive whole, system, dynamics and ecology; 2. Pay attention to the multi-level human settlement environment with the region as the main body; 3 methods of decision support.
2. Great changes have taken place in the industrial structure.
This is mainly reflected in three aspects: 1 a large number of emerging industries have been produced on the basis of modern information technology; 2. Modern information technology has transformed traditional industries, which has obvious traces of informationization, thus obtaining a new way out; The vigorous development of service industry shows the trend of replacing manufacturing industry in national economy. In short, the urban industrial structure began to change from the traditional industrial economic model to the emerging information economic model. In addition, corresponding to the transformation of urban industrial structure, urban employment presents the characteristics of "softening", that is to say, the proportion of people engaged in "soft occupations" such as management, research, technology development, consulting services and education has increased.
3 the transformation of urban layout structure
From gathering to gathering and dispersion. /kloc-the industrial revolution that broke out in the 0/8th century concentrated capital and population in cities, and started the process of modern urbanization. The development of cities is mainly manifested in the centralized trend based on economies of scale and manufacturing agglomeration and conditioned by the progress of transportation technology. However, with the development of modern information technology, information network will break the time and space restrictions of urban residents' work, education, life, shopping, medical care and entertainment, and people's dependence on offices, schools, shopping centers, hospitals and transportation will be greatly weakened. The dependence of some industrial production on resources and the highly concentrated production scale have also decreased, weakening the motivation of agglomeration. This greatly broadens the activity space of the city, extends the geographical distribution of various functions of the city, and the spatial layout structure of the city also shows a trend of diffusion. Under the general trend of diffusion, cities also have a certain degree of agglomeration. Modern society is becoming more and more complex, which requires higher quality coordination and cooperation, which requires the re-integration of various functions of the central city. Modern information technology enables urban development to choose its scale and spatial layout structure more freely according to its own needs. The diffusion trend will lead to the dispersion of industries and population in cities, especially megacities and big cities, and make some of their industrial functions move outward, and some new urban agglomerations in industrial production areas will appear on the periphery of cities, so that the functional structure of cities will be purified and the spatial division will be clearer; The trend of agglomeration promotes the further development and prosperity of the central area, and the function of the city center is more powerful.
4. Strengthen the function of information center
On the one hand, the emergence of modern information technology provides advanced technical conditions for information processing and facilitates people to use information in an orderly manner; On the other hand, the emergence of modern information technology has accelerated the generation and transmission of information. A city is the center of regional social and economic activities, with superior transportation, communication, scientific and technological strength and the service level of mass media, and convenient information exchange, which provides good objective conditions for the development of information industry. At the same time, the strengthening of the status of the city center also requires the accelerated development of the information industry. As a new knowledge-intensive industry, information industry is bound to rise in cities first. Today, with the rise of the new technological revolution, the city is not only a distribution center for people and logistics, but also a place to create, obtain and disseminate information. Information is a kind of resource and wealth. Information development, service level and information industry development level have become important symbols of urban social and economic development level. With the continuous development of information networking, information service socialization, information industry industrialization and information market modernization, our city has the best environment for developing information industry. Cities at all levels will gradually become information circulation management and service centers in different regions, especially in big cities and megacities. In a word, corresponding to the development process of human society from agricultural society to industrial society to information society, the history of urban development will also undergo the evolution process from political center to economic center to cultural information center.
5 urban traffic problems
Urban traffic problem is one of the unbalanced phenomena in the process of urban growth and development. The traditional ways to solve traffic congestion and congestion are to develop mass transit system, limit the development of private cars and increase the density of road network. , but they are just scratching their boots and scratching their itch, and "treating the symptoms rather than curing the root cause". With the development of modern information technology, it is possible to fundamentally solve this problem. First of all, urban traffic problems arise from the imbalance between the increasing traffic volume and the lagging traffic facilities. Because modern information technology has enabled human beings to transcend the limitations of time and space and changed the way people communicate with the outside world, the number of trips and times in cities has decreased, and the total traffic volume in cities will inevitably decline. Secondly, modern information technology will greatly improve the service level of existing transportation facilities. Through the establishment of ITS, the information transmission and exchange of the system of "information inside people and vehicles-visible environmental information outside vehicles-invisible environmental information outside vehicles" can be solved, and the urban traffic flow can be coordinated and controlled comprehensively and dynamically, so as to realize the high efficiency of urban traffic. Based on the above two points-the reduction of traffic volume and the improvement of the service level of traffic facilities, supplemented by the guiding traffic policy, the urban traffic environment will be greatly improved and the traffic service will be efficient and fast.
6. Make urban buildings intelligent.
The combination of modern information technology and modern architectural technology endows modern architecture with brand-new concepts and more functions. The first intelligent building in the world was built in Hartford, Connecticut, USA in 1984, and now the intelligent building has become a symbol of urban modernization. Generally speaking, intelligent buildings have the functions of office automation, building automation, communication automation, fire control automation, security monitoring automation and so on.
7. Urban management is developed.
As we know, a city is a complex system of society, economy and nature, and urban management is a comprehensive management with many aspects, variables, levels and goals. Traditional management methods have become increasingly unsuitable for the more complex and changeable urban development trend. Modern information technology can provide all kinds of background information very quickly, reduce the information distortion caused by backward communication means, simple mode and wrong postal route, and make decision-making more scientific, meticulous and timely. Urban management and monitoring means will be more advanced and developed. With the help of computer network, urban construction and management can truly get rid of "rule by man" and embark on the track of "rule by law".
8. Affect the life of urban residents.
Modern information technology not only affects the tangible aspects of the city, but also has no influence on the city.
Shape also has an impact. Information network makes "telecommuting", "distance teaching", "online shopping, medical care and entertainment" become a part of people's daily life, and strengthens the information exchange between people, promotes the diversity and difference of culture, and people can express their wishes to the society more conveniently. The management society that participates in public affairs will further move towards openness and democratization.
Second, the negative impact on the city.
The development of science and technology is like a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it brings light to the future of mankind and makes people look forward to the future. On the other hand, it also casts a shadow over the future of mankind, which makes people worry and worry. The negative impact of modern information technology on urban development is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1 deterioration of ecological environment
. With the development of modern information technology, people's choice of living standards has changed from paying attention to urban spatial location to paying attention to living environment, which will inevitably accelerate the evacuation of urban population to rural areas and make the remaining forests, wilderness and rare animals and plants disappear faster. This requires the government to strengthen the management of environmental protection.
2 the employment pressure of the population.
Although it is still controversial whether modern information technology creates fewer jobs than it replaces, it is a consensus that the development of modern information technology has made the employment structure of society intelligent. So at least modern information technology will lead to structural unemployment. The fundamental solution to this problem lies in people's "lifelong learning", which requires the convenience of urban education information network.
3 unfair information distribution.
The information superhighway can narrow the spatial differences between regions. However, due to the time sequence of information superhighway construction, the areas it arrived at came first and then came, which led to unfair information distribution among regions and the gap between urban and rural areas may widen. Urban planners in big cities should fully realize this and fully consider the construction of information superhighway.
4. The problem of isolation is becoming more and more serious.
In industrial society, people's choice of residence often depends on three factors: transportation distance, environmental conditions and personal income. In the information society, people's living mainly depends on the environment and income, while income mainly depends on intelligence, which will inevitably lead to further population differentiation and serious isolation of urban space, thus destroying the reasonable social structure.
5. The information environment is facing difficulties.
Modern information technology not only brings efficient and convenient information services to human beings, but also makes human information environment face many unprecedented problems, such as invasion of privacy, intellectual property rights, information pollution, information security and so on.
Third, the application of modern technology.
Information technology is a cognitive tool for learning activities. Information technology can be used as a tool to acquire course learning content and learning resources, as a learning tool for situational inquiry and discovery, as a communication tool for consultation and discussion, as a tool for knowledge construction and creative practice. Making full use of information technology, an advanced thinking training tool, the application of information technology will develop from the operation mode that people pay more attention to computers, networks and online learning to the advanced thinking ability cultivated by information technology, and build a highly intelligent learning system integrating knowledge, emotion and meaning.