Date of birth and death: BC? -202 BC.

Place of birth: Shangying (now southeast of Yicheng, Hubei).

Li Du: Shangying (now southeast of Yicheng, Hubei).

Year number: (no, 206 BC).

Ji Xiang, whose real name is Xiang Jiyu, is also known as Chu Bawang. The 47th King of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was the grandson of Xiang Yan, a famous Chu, and a noble of Chu. There are two views about Xiang family: one is that Xiang family is the imperial clan of Chu state. Xiang's family originated from Chu royal family and was later sealed in Xiang's land, so it took the land as its surname; On the other hand, Xiang Yu's family was originally an aristocrat of Lu, and has been a general of Chu for generations.

After the destruction of Chu, Xiang Jia was massacred, and Xiang Yu and his younger brother Xiang Zhuang went into exile with their uncle Xiang Liang in Wuzhong (now Huzhou, Zhejiang). When Xiang Yu was young, Xiang Liang asked someone to teach him calligraphy and poetry, but he soon got tired of it. Later, Xiang Liang found someone to teach him martial arts and soon stopped learning it; Liang is furious! Xiang Yu said: "Learning literature can only remember names, and learning martial arts can only be worth one hundred. If you want to learn, learn from ten thousand enemies! " So Liang taught him the art of war. But he didn't want to learn after studying for a while, so Liang had to follow him and leave him alone.

According to historical records, Xiang Yu is eight feet tall and can carry the tripod (hence the word "overlord lifts the tripod"). When he was young, he was extremely ambitious. Once, when Qin Shihuang was touring Zhejiang (now Qiantang River), Xiang Yu saw that his horses and chariots were majestic and blurted out, "You can replace them."

In the first year of Qin Ershi (Chen Bing, 209 BC), Chen Sheng and Guangwu revolted in Daze Township (that is, Daze Township Uprising), and Xiang Yu responded, and his uncle Xiang Liang assassinated Wuzhong satrap Yintong to transfer soldiers. In this campaign, Xiang Yu single-handedly killed nearly 100 Yintong guards, showing his unparalleled martial arts for the first time! Twenty-four-year-old Xiang Yu was thus pushed onto the historical stage by the storm of the people's uprising.

In January of the second year of Qin Ershi (Ding Si, 208 BC), Xiang Yu pretended to be the righteous emperor and became the post-Chu Huaiwang, "in fact, he didn't have to die." In February of the same year, Xiang Yu followed the old system and became a vassal. He established himself as the overlord of the West Chu, took Pengcheng, the capital of Yidu, as his own, and forced Yidu to move to Chen County, Changsha County under the pretext of "a thousand miles of ancient emperors must live in the upper reaches". Chen County is located at the northern foot of Wuling Mountain, a land of barbarians in ancient times, and is located in the upper reaches of Leishui, the main stream of Xiangjiang River. In the early Warring States period, it was still in the clan society where cities fell. Chu people called it "the land of Artemisia annua", which means a place full of Artemisia annua. In the middle of the Warring States period, the king of Chu worshipped Wuqi as "a hundred jumps in Nanping" and was "conquered by Chu", bordering on southern Chu. During the Xionghuai period, a city of a certain scale was formed, so it was renamed as "Chen". How can Chen Cheng compare with the prosperity of Pengcheng? Emperor Yidi naturally refused to move to the capital and still lived in Pengcheng.

In June of the same year, Xiang Liang adopted Fan Zengzhi's plan and established the Heart of Chu Huaiwang, still known as Chu Huaiwang. Xiang Liang's name is Wu Xinjun. Since then, Xiang Liang led the insurgents to attack Qin Jun in Dong 'a and Dingtao. Xiang Yu and Liu Bang also led troops to capture Chengyang, slightly reaching Qiu Yong, and fought fiercely with Li You, the commander-in-chief of Qin Sanchuan. Xiang Yu killed Li You and Qin Jun was defeated.

After the Battle of Dingtao, Qin Jun crossed the Yellow River in the north, attacked the evil harmony of Zhao Wang, who opposed Qin, and besieged Zhao Jun in Julu (now Pingxiang, Hebei). Chu Huaiwang appointed Yi Song as general and Xiang Yu as lieutenant, and led the troops to the rescue. Yi Song led his troops to Anyang (now south of Anyang, Henan Province), then hesitated and stationed for 46 days. At that time, it was raining continuously, and the Chu army was short of food and clothing and was in trouble. Xiang Yu made a decisive decision and killed him with a sword, forcing him to be appointed as a general, ordering him to send troops to the north to save Zhao immediately, and then cross the Zhanghe River leading to Zhao. However, due to being outnumbered and demoralized, Xiang Yu ordered the sergeant to cross the river and break the iron pot to eat. He only brought three days' dry food, and all the soldiers could not make ends meet, which greatly boosted morale and broke the origin of the word Qin Jun.

At the end of the Qin dynasty, the program was extremely relaxed and heroes gathered. During this period, Xiang Yu enfeoffed the world and dominated the princes with his great achievements in eliminating Qin! Liu Bang, another protagonist of the Qin Dynasty, was sealed in a remote place of Bashu in Hanzhong.

In March (in the heart of 204 BC), Liu Bang was dissatisfied with the land of Hanzhong and resolutely sent troops to pacify Sanqin and attack Chu in the east. At this time, Xiang Yu's army was putting down the Qi rebellion in the east, and the rear was empty. Liu Bang seized this opportunity and marched eastward, invincible along the way, and the soldiers pointed directly at Pengcheng, the capital of Xiang Yu. "Historical Records" records: "In the spring, the soldiers of the five kings of the Hanwang Department, 50,000 to 60,000 people, invaded Chu in the east." .

In April of the same year, the North Road Army defeated Longyou in Dingtao, went south to meet Liu Bangzhong Road Army, and then captured Cheng Peng, the capital of Xiang Yu. Liu bang seems to have won completely. At this time, Xiang Yu really showed his military genius. He left his troops in the state of Qi to confuse Liu Bang and used the mobility of cavalry to bypass Xiaoxian County in the southwest of Pengcheng. Waiting for all Liu Bang's troops to enter Pengcheng, chaos is too busy to deploy in the north to build a defense. Start going west and attack Pengcheng east. Xiang Yu chose to launch a sneak attack in the morning, because the enemy was still asleep in the morning, and when he was at the most tired, he suddenly encountered a large-scale sneak attack. His panic can be imagined! And you can use the morning to learn about the enemy, choose appropriate and effective tactics, and destroy the enemy to the maximum extent. Many sneak attacks like to be put at night, which is good for hiding their whereabouts. But this time, Xiang Yu will not only cause chaos, but also destroy the enemy.

Xiang Yu directly attacked Liu Bang's command center in the choice of tactics, which led to the paralysis of the command system of Liu Bang's allied forces! In this way, the Coalition forces could not organize effective resistance, and then Xiang Yu bit Liu Bang's main attack and did not give Liu Bang a chance to breathe. And by driving them to the river, let them fall into the river and drown or kill each other because of crowding! Liu bang's allied forces fell from the clouds into the bottomless abyss. Yesterday, they were in high spirits and won the victory. Today, soldiers fell from the sky, I don't know why! The Coalition forces that did not know the truth were not effectively organized and ran around like headless flies, which was exactly what Xiang Yu planned. Because of the disparity in strength, if you fight hard, you will be exhausted anyway. Here, Xiang Yu lured the allies to the valley and Surabaya in the south with cavalry, and then Xiang Yu attacked and killed hundreds of thousands of allies. In order to survive, the allies fled south and fled to Lingbi East, further south. In this way, the allies killed each other and were pushed into the water by 654.38 million. The battle of Pengcheng finally became a one-sided situation, and the rest was to hunt down the beaten army, expand the results and clean up the mess. Unfortunately, due to the thin strength of Xiang Yu, the pursuit war did not produce much effect. Liu Bang's generals gathered in Xingyang to resist the pursuit of Chu soldiers.

Liu Bang, commander-in-chief of the Han army, was bitten by the Chu army from the beginning. In Pengcheng West, he used his old love to let Chu let himself go, escaped from Pengcheng and was surrounded by Chu troops. Because the strong wind blew away the Chu army formation, Liu Bang was able to escape. At this time, Liu Bang fled to the north and passed his hometown in Pei County, trying to take his family to the west. But it attracted Chu to ride, and the family was caught by Chu, and finally pushed his son and daughter to escape. Lv Ze, the brother of Liu Bang's wife Lv Hou, followed Liu Bang in the Battle of Pengcheng. After the defeat, he led his troops to Xiayi. Liu bang went around the circle and ran to Xiayi, only to recover from his skirmisher. This battle can end in victory, which not only wiped out Liu Bang's main force, but also put Liu Bang in a crisis situation of "making the old and weak in Guanzhong unable to learn Xingyang". It also reversed the political situation that Xiang Yu was surrounded by enemies and isolated, and regained the initiative of the Chu-Han war. In the big political environment, the allies who originally voted for Liu Bang have betrayed Liu Bang or taken refuge in Xiang Yu, such as Wang Sai and Zhai Wang. Others broke away from Liu Bang's control and went to the opposite of Liu Bang, such as Wei He. However, this victorious battle left regrets. In this battle, Liu Bang, the coach, was not caught, so that Liu Bang fled to the west and occupied the geographical position of Xingyang elevation, relying on the resources of Guanzhong and Hanzhong. Chu and Han fought for four years, relying on superior geography and material resources, Peng Yue, the guerrilla master behind Xiang Yu, and the superior strength of the whole group finally brought Xiang Yu down and won the world.

In August (Guihai, 202 BC), the overlord of the Western Chu Dynasty, he and the Han army were deprived of food for the Chu army, which was fascinated by Guangwu. Liu Bang failed to mobilize the troops of Han Xin, Peng Yue and others, and finally failed to camp the Chu army. As a result, the two sides conducted a famous "gap and negotiation" in history, dividing the world by the canal built by Wei during the Warring States Period.

In September of the same year, Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, led ten Wan Chu troops to detour south road and retreat in the direction of Guling. Liu bang also wants to go back to the west. However, just as Liu Bang was preparing to lead the army to the west, Sean and Chen Ping suggested tearing up the gap and discussing it. When Chu Jun was exhausted and came back from the east, he attacked from behind. Zhang He and others thought: "The Han Dynasty had half the world, and all the princes attached it. ChuBing * * * tired, this day will also be the death of chu. It is suggested that "it is better to take it because of its opportunity." Liu bang then adopted the advice of the two men, broke his promise and suddenly launched a strategic pursuit of the Chu army. When the army chased Xia Nan, Liu Bang gathered Han Xin and Peng Yue to the south, and * * * joined the Chu army through the camp.

In October of the same year, Liu Bang led more than 200,000 troops to pursue 100,000 Chu troops to Guling (now Taikang, Henan). But at this time, neither Han nor Peng sent troops to cooperate with Liu Bang. Xiang Yu was furious when he knew. In the early morning, a sudden counterattack was launched here, killing nearly 20 thousand people of the Han army and defeating the Han army again. Liu bang hurriedly led the army to retreat into Chen Xia, built a fortress to hold on, and the Chu army surrounded Liu bang again. Liu Bang, who stuck to the pass, asked Sean: "What can a vassal do if he doesn't keep his promise?" Sean replied: "The more the Chu soldiers are broken, the less land will be divided, which is inappropriate." Kings can work with the world, and now they can make a difference. I just can't. It's unclear. The king can dedicate himself to Han Xin from Fuhai east of Chen; North of Suiyang to Gucheng, in order to fight with: If we fight each other, Chu will be easily defeated. "So, Liu Bang adopted Sean's opinion and sealed a large piece of land near the sea east of Chen to Han Xin, the king of Qi. North of Suiyang to Gucheng was awarded to Peng Yue. In this way, Liu Bang finally got the touch of Han and Peng with fiefs, so that they all invaded the south. At the same time, Liu Jia led an army to unite with Ying Bu from Huaibei, and the Fifth Route Army * * * launched the final camp of Xiang Yu. The battle of Gaixia has begun.

Han Xin, king of Qi, was advancing 300,000 troops from Qi to the south, occupying Pengcheng, the capital of Chu, and today's vast areas such as northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui and eastern Henan. The soldiers pointed to the flank of Chu and attacked Xiang Yu from east to west. Peng Yue, the king of Liang, led tens of thousands of troops to set out from Liangdi, heading south first and then westward. Liu Bang's headquarters troops drove the Chu army to retreat. Han general Liu Jia led tens of thousands of troops together with Jiujiang Wang and other 100 thousand soldiers. Starting from Huaibei, we attacked Chu from the southwest, first attacking Shouchun, then attacking Xiacheng's father and killing all the soldiers and civilians in the city. Zhou Yin, the Chu general guarding the southern line, rebelled against Chu at this time, killing six counties first, then joining forces with Ying Bu and Liu Jia, and then converging on Xiang Yu in the north; At the same time, Liu Bangze, who was supplemented by soldiers in Guanzhong, led more than 200,000 troops out of Guling and eastward;

The five armies of the Han army, with a total of nearly 700,000 people, formed a situation of encircling the Chu army from the west, north, southwest and northeast, and Xiang Yu was forced to lead ten Wan Chu troops to retreat to Gaixia.

In the same year1February, Liu Bang, Han Xin, Liu Jia, Peng Yue, Ying Bu and other five armies basically completed the encirclement of Gaixia (now southeast of Lingbi in Anhui, between Huaiyang and Lu Yi in Henan) by 654.38+ Wan Chujun. Liu Bang immediately appointed Han Xin as the commander-in-chief of the allied forces to direct the army to fight. Han Xin ordered Liu Jia and Ying Bu Army to close the peripheral export of Chu Army from the south, while Peng Yuejun closed the access from the north. Han Xinjun's main force, Liu Bangbu's 300,000-strong army, integrated into one, and launched an attack on the trapped ten Wan Chu armies to launch a decisive battle! At that time, the Chu army was at an absolute disadvantage: first, all the land of the western Chu state located north of the Yangtze River fell, and Wan Chu army became absolutely alone; Second, the Chu army was short of food for several months, and the soldiers were hungry and cold, and the army had no supplies at all; Three, the han army allied soldiers about seven hundred thousand, and energetic, adequate food, high morale, and xiang yu alone one hundred thousand, after a long period of tired fighting, decisive battle is in the winter of December, and just removed from the front line of guangwu, no supplies, mostly wearing summer and autumn equipment, cold and hunger, morale to pieces; Fourth, the Han army advanced in five ways in an orderly manner, first occupying Chu territory, then leaving the camp, step by step, and the encirclement was perfect, so it was difficult for the Chu army to launch a sudden counterattack; Fifth, the Chu army is far away from the five counties in Jiangdong. Even if we break through the encirclement, it is difficult to return to our own territory in time under the pursuit of the Han army. It can be said that the breakthrough is invalid. It is in such a situation that Han Xin's 300,000 troops are mainly composed of more than 200,000 soldiers from Liu Bang's headquarters, discharging five company arrays and launching a final attack on the ten Wan Chu troops trapped by the plate!

First of all, Han Xin led five armies to provoke Chu Army. Xiang Yu immediately led ten Wan Chu armies to launch a central breakthrough, aiming at the headquarters in Han Xin. Xiang Yu personally led the army to attack and charged first. The Chu army charged first, and the cavalry followed. As soon as the Han army entered the war, the front line was immediately defeated. Han Xin immediately ordered the army to retreat, with 300,000 troops as a barrier to cover the retreat of the headquarters and Liu Bang's 100,000 troops. The Han army retreated while playing, and the Chu army put all its eggs in one basket and continued its crazy assault. Xiang Yu himself took the lead, even hundreds of Chu soldiers were left behind, and no one could catch up with Chu cavalry. Along the way, the Han army was like a dark cloud, and at first glance, it was everywhere. Xiang Yu led hundreds of soldiers to storm and even broke several lines of defense of the Han army. More than half of the 300,000 troops were scattered, and no one could stop them all the way, heading straight for Han Xin himself.

On the other hand, when Han Xin used the front line as a barrier to cover Liu Bangjun's retreat, the left and right armies led by Kong and Michael Chen also made circuitous maneuvers from the left and right sides of the Chu army, in order to control the attacking flank of the Chu army, split the cooperation between the cavalry and infantry of the Chu army and mobilize the Chu army to attack. After half a day of fighting, Chu Jun and countless, Han Xin's former army was almost smashed into slag, but Xiang Yu still failed to break into the headquarters of the Han army. Han Xin kept retreating and never appeared in front of Xiang Yu. However, Xiang Yu's fierce charge obviously widened the distance between the front and back of the army. At that time, the Chu army, Xiang Yu himself broke away from the whole army and charged ahead, breaking the enemy's defense; Followed by the main cavalry who rushed to Xiang Yu faster, the Han army scattered by Xiang Yu himself and crossed one by one; And finally, the slowest infantry troops, while continuing to chase the cavalry, fought the Han soldiers who were not trampled to death by the cavalry. The Chu army became more and more dispersed and stretched, and gradually lost its close formation and mutual cooperation.

In the afternoon after the war, the Han army retreated again and again, and the left and right armies made a detour and made rapid progress, and finally completed the attack from front to back. The left and right armies of the Han army then attacked the rear wing of the Chu army, attacking from both sides in a dense formation, and quickly surrounded the left-behind Chu infantry. The soldiers of the Chu army resisted desperately, and the officers and men of the two armies fought together and immediately fell into a state of war, splitting the infantry and cavalry of the Chu army in half, and the offensive of the Chu army was stopped. Xiang Yu had no choice but to lead the rest of the cavalry back to Li and rescue the infantry.

When it was learned that the left and right armies had completed the circuitous attack on the infantry behind the Chu army, Han Xin immediately organized a counterattack and put Liu Bang's main force and all the remaining China troops into the counterattack.

The Han army retaliated against Xiang Yu and the Chu army forward cavalry. Hundreds of thousands of Han troops attacked the Chu army before and after. Seeing a genial smile, Xiang Yu immediately led the whole army to break through in the opposite direction, broke through the encirclement of the Korean left and right armies, and retreated into the camp. In this battle, the Chu army killed more than 40,000 people, captured 20,000 people and scattered 20,000 people. Less than 20,000 wounded soldiers returned with Xiang Yu, and the Han army also suffered hundreds of casualties, paying a much higher price than the Chu army. Subsequently, Han Xin led the whole army to assemble all the troops scattered by the Chu army and surrounded the Chu army camp. Here, more than 20,000 scattered Chu troops were also destroyed, and Wang Xiang had no chance to gather scattered troops. The decisive battle is over here.

Xiang Yu was defeated and returned to camp, and the Han army besieged him several times. At night, when he heard that the camp was besieged on all sides, Xiang Yu was shocked: "The Han army has occupied Chu?" Why are there so many Chu people? Full of sorrow, he got up and drank in his tent. Xiang Yu has a favorite concubine named Yu Ji who often follows him. There is a good horse named Wu Zhui who often rides it. After three rounds of drinking, Xiang Yu felt a lot of emotion and sang: "If you pull out the mountain, you will be angry with the world, and if you are unfavorable, you will not die." "What can I do if I don't die?" I sang it several times. Yu Ji said, "The Han soldiers are in a hurry and are under siege. Your majesty is exhausted. How can a concubine live? " After the Song Dynasty, he committed suicide with grief. Xiang Yu also shed tears and dared not look up at him. This is the "Farewell My Concubine" in history.

Xiang Yu mounted his horse and chose 800 people. After dawn, the Han army found that Xiang Yu had already left, so Guan Ying led five thousand riders in pursuit. When he crossed the Huaihe River, there were only 100 cavalry. Arriving in Yanling, Xiang Yu got lost. He went to ask an old farmer. The old farmer replied, "Left" went left and fell into the swamp, which delayed the time and the Han army caught up. Xiang Yu went east again and reached a mountain in Dongcheng. There are only 28 riders left. Xiang Yu thought he could not escape, so he said to the cavalry, "I have been fighting for eight years." After more than 70 wars, all those who resisted me were defeated by me. The people I attacked all showed obedience and never lost, so they dominated the world. Now they are trapped here, not that I can't fight, but that the sky is going to kill me! Today is the day to fight to the death. I want to fight for you happily, and I must win three times. I will defeat the siege for you, chop the flag, and let you know that it is heaven that kills me, and I will defeat the enemy without fighting. " So he divided the cavalry into four teams. At this time, the Han army was besieged several times. Xiang Yu said to his cavalry, "I'll kill each other for you!" " "So he ordered the cavalry to rush down the mountain in four ways and meet in Shandong. Xiang Yu let out a cry and killed a Han general. Hou Yangxi of Chiquan chased Xiang Yu, Xiang Yu shouted, and Yang's men retreated several miles! Xiang Yu and the cavalry were divided into three teams. The Han army didn't know which team Xiang Yu was in, so it was surrounded by three teams. Xiang Yu flew out, killed another Han general and nearly a hundred people at the same time, and then joined the cavalry, losing only two riders. Xiang Yu asked, "How?" The cavalry knelt down and replied, "Just like the king said. "Xiang Yu wants to cross the Wujiang River eastward. Director Wujiang stopped at the shore and said to Xiang Yu, "Although Jiangdong is small, Fiona Fang Wan Li is long, and hundreds of thousands of people are enough to be king. May the king cross the river at an early date. "Xiang Yu said:" I took 8,000 children from Jiangdong to cross the river to the west, and none of them survived today. Even if the elders in Jiangdong pity me and respect me as king, don't I feel guilty? "Suicide!

Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, was born in troubled times and his camera started. Brave the three armies, all-powerful; Leading troops to the north, competing for the Central Plains, winning Xianyang, cracking the soil and sealing the king, but in the end, because of his own personality weakness, he brewed his own life tragedy. With the lotus flower of the sword at Wujiang Ferry, Xiang Yu's tragic fate came to a regrettable end. The tragic history hides the tragic fate of the characters. Xiang Yu's character tragedy has been confirmed by the historical facts of Chu-Han War. Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period also disappeared in the historical trend. & gt