19 17 The literary revolution at the beginning of the year was a distinct milestone in the history of protecting Chinese literature, marking the end of classical literature and the beginning of modern literature.

1 may 4th literary revolution and new culture movement

The literary revolution mainly influenced the literature in the 1920s.

The first is the rise of vernacular Chinese.

Then came the influx of various foreign literary thoughts and the rise of journalism societies: mainly: literary research society, creative society and crescent school.

(1) Literature Research Association: 192 1 1 was founded in Beijing. Organizers: Zhou Zuoren, Zheng Zhenduo, Wang Tongzhao, Xu Dishan, Sun Fuyuan, Ye. Purpose: To study and introduce world literature, sort out China's old literature and create new literature. Paying attention to the social utility of literature is considered to be a school of "art for life" or a school of realism. It takes life and society as its theme, pays attention to exposing the dark reality of society and cursing the gray life, showing the conflict between the old and the new. Writing tends to Russian and European realism in the19th century, and also draws lessons from naturalism. Emphasis on field observation and true description.

(2) The Creation Society mainly tends to the European Enlightenment and Romantic literary thoughts. It was founded in Tokyo on 192 1, and was originally founded by Guo Moruo, Zhang Ziping, Yu Dafu, Cheng, Tian Han and others. It began to advocate "art for the sake of art", emphasizing that literature must express the author's inner requirements, emphasizing the "integrity" and "beauty" of literature and praising creation. At the same time, pay attention to the mission of the times and attack the old society. His main works are mainly self-expression, with strong lyrical color, straightforward expression and morbid psychological description as dissatisfaction with reality.

(3) Crescent Society: 1923 was initiated by Hu Shi, Chen Yuan, Xu Zhimo, Wen Yiduo and Liang Shiqiu in Beijing. The main formation inside is a group of poets. Advocate new metrical poetry.

The rest is Lu Xun's Silk Society, which is mainly an essay criticizing the shortcomings of the times. Later, the formation of "silk style" had a great influence on later prose.

Novel:

Lu Xun: Vernacular novels, not much to say, everyone hehe.

This reflects the novels of the 1920s:

19 19 In the second half of the year, Bing Xin published When You Are Lonely, Helpless and Poor, and created a "problem novel";

Later, problem novels tended to be realistic, with Ye Shengtao as the representative, forming a "realistic novel of life school";

Lu Xun initiated "modern local novel"

Yu Dafu and others: modern lyric novels

/kloc-Poetry in the 1920s: Vernacular Poetry, Guo Moruo's Lyrics, Crescent School, Symbolism School (Mu) and Proletarian Poetry (Deng Zhongxia).

1920s prose: "random thoughts" writer (Lu Xun, etc. ), "Yan Zhi School" essays (Zhou Zuoren), and essays of the above four literary societies.

/kloc-drama in the 1920s: the May 4th new drama concept, the drama of "loving beauty" (that is, amateur drama, representing Tian Han).

In the 1930s:

Novels: Left-wing novels (with "left-wing writers" as the core, represented by Zhang Tianyi, Xiao Hong and Ding Ling, which are contradictory), Beijing-style novels (far away from literary partisanship and commercialism, represented by Fei Ming and Shen Congwen), Shanghai-style novels (closest to the reading market, represented by Zhang Ziping's love novels and Liu Naou's new sensory novels), in addition, Ba Jin, Lao She,

Poetry:

Chinese Poetry Society: China Proletarians. Advocating popularization and proletarian consciousness;

Later, the Crescent Poetry School developed into free verse.

Prose: humorous sketches, "Luxun style" sketches, Beijing school sketches.

In addition, the rise of reportage was initiated by the left-wing alliance.

Drama: proletarian drama, red drama, national defense drama, peasant drama.

1940s: documentary novels and satirical novels; "July School" novels and nostalgic novels of Northeast writers: popular novels such as Zhang Ailing; Zhao Shuli and Sun Li's "Liberated Area Novels";

Poetry: July poetry school (anti-Japanese), kuya poetry school, ballad-style new poetry.

Prose: Reportage flourished, and essays inherited Lu Xun.

Drama: Square drama and "theatrical drama" in Shanghai's Kuomintang-controlled areas, occupied areas and isolated islands.

1950s-1970s: the first national literary conference, three critical movements (strengthening class consciousness), and Mao Zedong's policy of letting a hundred flowers blossom, mainly realism.

Seventeen years:

Novel: revolutionary history theme, rural reality theme,

Poetry: Fu Age (Guo Moruo et al. ), "interfere with life" and enhance political enthusiasm.

Prose: Ideology —— Revival of Aesthetic Personality in a Hundred Flowers Blooming

Drama: utilitarian tendency, breakthrough with life breath and prosperity of class struggle drama.

1978: the return and deepening of realism: scar literature, reform literature;

Modernism;

Commercialization and marginalization of literature;

Poetry: the returning poet; Obscure poetry; The third generation of poetry movement, personalized writing

Novels: root-seeking novels (informed novels, etc.). );

Modernism and "avant-garde" novels (western color);

"neo-realism" craze

Prose: mourning prose, reportage and prose fever.

From the above summary, the history of China's modern literary thought:

1 Enlightenment literary trend of thought;

From the late Qing Enlightenment to the May 4th Enlightenment; Features: people's awakening, national character, critical tendency (feudal autocracy, pursuit of personality liberation, freedom and happiness, concern for the lower class)

2 vernacular literature trend of thought:

Classical Chinese Criticism —— Chinese Character Criticism and Classical Chinese Chemical Criticism: Features: Modernization and Nationalization

3 Realistic literary thoughts: theme: humanity, society and revolution;

Theories include: people-oriented, new realism and socialism;

Divided into: China's modern realism and China's traditional realism;

4 Romantic literary trend of thought:

Poetic system: emphasizing the subjective view of artistic essence, the original view of artistic generation and the self-discipline view of artistic function;

Theme form: the return of human nature and the theme of individuality.

Traditional origin: philosophy of life, aesthetic taste and artistic way of thinking;

5 Left-wing literary thoughts:

Based on the revolutionary situation, it is the imagination mode of revolutionary utopia, and its theoretical contributions include: the introduction and interpretation of neo-realism, materialist literary view and methodology, and typicality.

Modernist literary thoughts: May 4th literature and neo-romanticism.

Aestheticism (Tian Han, Wen Yiduo)

Early symbolism poetry, modernist poetry, nine-leaf poetry school

7 liberal literary trend of thought:

Humanism, democratic literature, human class, national survival

8 Nationalization and popularization of literary thoughts:

The popularization tendency of the May 4th Movement, and the popularization and nationalization tendency of the proletarian literature of the Left League.