All the literati in China have an elegant tradition of personally presiding over their own careers. Hu Enxie likes to travel by nature and has been traveling all his life. He is well versed in gardening, combined with traditional gardening techniques in Jiangnan, and after two years of careful design and construction, he built this famous garden in Jiangnan.
Someone commented:
The pavilion on the balcony is full of twists and turns, full of fun; Every flower and stone is managed by itself, which makes people swim in it as if they were in a painting.
The Yuyuan Garden is a masterpiece created and built by Hu Enxie on geomorphological features. The tradition of the layout of classical gardens in China is "ingenious combination", "although it is man-made, it is natural", and it is necessary to "adapt to local conditions and not stick to one pattern". The garden layout of Yuyuan follows this logic.
"Baixia Imperial Garden Collection" records: "Those who boast of their land are also the highest, the highest is the pavilion, the flat is the platform, and the stacked stones are in the shape of peaks and caves, surrounded by anthers and bamboo trees."
For example, from the Qingyan Pavilion in the garden, we can see that "Gaoting is opposite to Zhongshan, and the mountains are balanced; The weather is particularly good and the peaks are green. " It can be said that "it is surrounded by smoke, as if you are in the sky." Its internal and external landscape momentum is superior to Suzhou gardens.
The Yuyuan Garden was originally the West Garden of Xu Fu, a descendant of Xu Da in the Ming Dynasty, and was later passed on to his son Tianci Xu for reconstruction. There are Fengyou Hall, Xinyuantang, Xiaocanglang, Furong Marsh and Laihe Pavilion. And the scale is very large, especially the water stone won a great victory, and it is also called the treasure of Song Renzong Town Garden with the "Turquoise of the Six Dynasties".
Tianci Xu's West Garden was passed on to his third son, Xu Jixun, commander of the Royal Guards, and was later bought by a wealthy businessman in Huizhou.
During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Wu Yongxian, a scholar and minister of the Ministry of War, bought it when he came to Ningshi, and rebuilt it, and built more than 0/0 scenic spots such as Baoguang Hall, Chenghuai Hall, Tea Room Gallery, Nanxuan, Tongfang, Feihong Pavilion, Meiling and Liu Di.
Songshi in the Six Dynasties is still a famous scenic spot in the West Garden, so it is also called "Six Dynasties Garden".
After Hu Enxie bought this old garden, he carefully created "Thirty-six Scenes" and wrote a poem: "People laugh at fools and build gardens like moving mountains. Great wisdom is like water, and stupidity is impossible. "
Hu Enxie retired when his official career was proud, and people laughed at his stupidity. Hu Enxie named this garden "Stupid Garden" because he was "as smart as a fool, as smart as a fool".
Yuyuan Garden is about 240 meters long from north to south and 100 meters long from east to west, covering an area of about two hectares. There is a lake in the garden called "Silly Lake". Yu Garden consists of residential areas and gardens. Residential buildings are concentrated in the northeast corner and divided into two roads. "Because of the high location, there are dozens of pavilions."
"From the corridor to the main hall, there are three halls, and the mountains are stacked after the hall. Although the land is not as good as Xu Mu, it is unexpected and there are pavilions to rest. "
"There is a folding Gu Song at the top of the mountain, which has a history of hundreds of years. There is an ancient stone standing next to the pine tree, which is a relic of the Six Dynasties. Behind the mountain, the bamboo fence thatched cottage, chickens, dogs and horses are called urban forests. "
"There is a deer fence and a peacock fence." There is also a small courtyard with a secluded room connected by cloisters.
Hu Enxie's descendants carefully drew a colorful picture of the Yuyuan Garden, which was about one meter long and 0.3 meters wide, and plotted all the buildings and scenic spots in detail. This map was drawn by five generations of Hu family ancestors for nearly eight years, and it was not completed until his death.
The picture begins with Chai Fei in the upper right corner, and the heavy door enters the house through a long corridor, where there are "poetic circles" with opposing poems and "small buildings" with brocade. The most peculiar is the "air-conditioned room", which is warm in winter and cool in summer. In midsummer, the water in the lake can be diverted from the pond to the roof to cool down, and heating in winter is rare in Jinling Garden Villa. This residence is the residence of the elderly and elders.
The park consists of the main scenic spot in the south and the inner garden in the middle.
Taihu stone in the center of the inner garden "stacks on the court, stands high on the wall, surrounded by peaks and mountains as holes", which is deep and dazzling. Although it is close at hand, it has the majestic momentum of thousands of rocks and valleys.
There is a platform Shuige in the south of the rockery, and Qingyuan Hall stands in Chi Pan. Here, covered with white lotus, it is endless, forming a landscape of "two dikes weeping willows and hibiscus in the mirror". There is a pavilion and a library on the west embankment.
There are scenic spots such as Chunhui Hall, Fenyin Xuan and Wuyin Jingshe in the north of the mountain. Meishui Stone House is "the south window faces Qingxi, the north window faces steep stones, and the Han Dynasty is full of steep ponds". The adjacent Phoenix Terrace is "double-folded and towering upwards". From a distance, the corner of Zhongshan faces the misty clouds and changes endlessly.
Surrounded by pavilions, there are more than a thousand genera such as plum, apricot, peach, willow, pine and cinnamon, and willow hibiscus is planted along the lake embankment. It's a beautiful day in spring and autumn. It's like a cloud. The trees in front of the shade porch wear clouds, and the Haitang beside the spring sleeping porch is red.
Peach, plum, apricot and loquat grapes in the garden are fruitful, and together with pine, cypress and elm, Yu Garden is called a plant society. Looking east across the water, bamboo buildings are hidden, such as Lv Yun, which is a "arable thatched cottage" scenic spot.
With the lake as the center, the outer garden is built with scenic spots such as Huxin Pavilion, Zhuwuxuan, Chunshuixuan, Yanqing Pavilion, Lu 'an Boguang, Kegeng Caotang, Castle Peak Bandulou, Qiushuijiating, and Xipu Scenic Spot planted with many excellent timber, which is the highest place in the Yuyuan Garden.
In addition, there are Yan Songting, Miao Ju Gallery, Qin Yi Baizhi, Ji 'an, Jiyunxuan, Rong 'an Lodge, Qiyunge, Xiaotai, Yangji Villa, Zaishuiyifang, Shuyu, Xiaocanglang, Xiaoshanjia, Bird's Nest, Qiting, Muting, Geng Mei, Lu Ping and Jiehuaqiao.
Later, Huaibai Building, Jiangting Building and Haiyan Building were added, and the garden wall was extended, so it was called "Seventy Scenes". The whole garden looks deep, interesting and full of meaning.
"Jiangnan Garden Records" records:
In the north, the accumulated stones are mountains, which are embedded in the air exquisitely and circuitously, which is quite wonderful for management.
Hu Enxie, the owner of the garden, is very sociable and willing to socialize. He often invites celebrities to hold banquets in the garden to show his respect.
Among the dignitaries are Li Hongzhang, Zhang Zhidong, Shen Baozhen, Liu Mingchuan, Peng Yulin and other famous figures. Celebrities include Yu Yue, Xue,, Wen Baoshen and Huang Siyong.
They left a lot of poems, songs and couplets when they enjoyed the scenery and gathered for the banquet. Hu Guangguo once edited Bai Yuxia Yuan Ji. The elegant collection of banquets in Yu Garden was praised by literati in the late Qing Dynasty. The book of Yuyuan Garden records that its banquet tour is the best in Jiangnan!
Yu Garden skillfully uses borrowing scenery, outside the garden, near Fengtai Mountain and far Zhongshan Mountain, so that the limited space can be extended indefinitely; The scenic spots in the park are constructed by traditional landscaping techniques, which make the scenic spots penetrate and learn from each other and increase the artistic value of both sides.
In the treatment of water body, water intake methods such as source storage, drainage, diversion and extension are adopted to make the water surface flow, stagnate and conceal, make the water body active in the garden, form a changeable waterscape space, and produce endless significance.
The treatment method of "overlapping mountains to manage water" and the application of plant landscaping in Yu Garden are worth learning and learning from in many places. It combines artificial beauty and natural beauty, and is a masterpiece of ancient garden art in China.