Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Tchaikovsky was born in a noble family in Watkinsk. He studied piano under the guidance of his mother since he was a child. Because of his father's opposition, he entered the law school and worked in the court after graduation. At the age of 22, Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky resigned and joined the St. Petersburg Conservatory of Music to follow Anton? Rubinstein studied music creation with excellent results. After graduation, in Nicholas? Rubinstein (Anton? At the invitation of Rubinstein's younger brother, he is a professor at Moscow Conservatory of Music. Tchaikovsky was introverted, fragile and emotional. He tried to commit suicide after his marriage with a female student who admired him broke down. His friends sent him abroad to recuperate. He was considered to have homosexual tendencies and tried to suppress them in the social environment at that time, so some people thought that this was the reason for the breakdown of marriage. During this period, I began to correspond with a Nadezhda von Meek person who loves music. Later, Nadezhda von Meek became his patron, and many of his later works were dedicated to this lady. But strangely, two people have never met. When their 14-year correspondence was terminated because the lady declared the company bankrupt, Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky suffered a huge blow and died in Moscow after being depressed alone for three years. There are many doubts about his death. Officials said that he drank water with cholera virus and died. However, according to later scholars' research, it is very likely that he committed suicide by taking arsenic himself. However, this is only speculation, and the real reason is still a mystery until now. In music creation, Tchaikovsky admired Mozart very much, and even imitated his style to create an orchestra suite (Suite No.4 in G major, Anna of Mozart, OP.6 1). He was disgusted with some features of Wagner's music, thinking that Wagner paid too much attention to the orchestra and ignored the vocal music. Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky advocates using realistic methods to express opera, and the dominant motivation is only used to describe internal aspects such as psychology and feelings.

Editing this early life

Tchaikovsky was born in julian calendar1April 25th, 840 or May 7th, Gregorian calendar, in the small town of Watkinsk, Udmurt. His father is Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky, a mining engineer in a government-run mine, and his mother is the second of his father's three wives, Alexandra Andreyevna Assier, a French-Russian. He is the elder brother of the humble ilych Tchaikovsky, a songwriter, ballet writer and translator (several decades older than him). Tchaikovsky began to learn piano at the age of five, and a few months later, he was able to skillfully play Friedrich Kalkbrenner's Yuefu. 1850, his father was appointed president of St. Petersburg state university. Therefore, the young Tchaikovsky received a very good basic education and continued his piano study under the guidance of the music department head. At the same time, Tchaikovsky met Italian music master Luigi Piccioli, who turned his interest from German music to Gio Aquino? Rossini, Vincenzo? Bei Lini, Gertano? Donizetti Tchaikovsky's father indulged his son's love for music, and he sponsored his son to learn from Rudolf Kundinger, a famous piano teacher from Nuremberg. Under the guidance of this teacher, Tchaikovsky resumed his interest in German music, and his lifelong love for Mozart's music began to sprout in his heart. Tchaikovsky's mother died of cholera in 1854 at the age of 14. He wrote a waltz in memory of her. Tchaikovsky left school on 1858, and then joined the Ministry of Justice as the secretary of the minister. Soon, he joined the choir of the Ministry of Justice.

Editing this music career

After Tchaikovsky graduated from school, Anton? Rubinstein's younger brother, Nicholas, a professor of harmony at Moscow Conservatory of Music? Rubinstein hired him as a music history teacher. At that time, Tchaikovsky's father had retired and was in financial difficulties, so he accepted the teaching position gladly and devoted himself to teaching and writing for the next ten years. The salary of teaching is not particularly good, so we can only make ends meet. However, Tchaikovsky can have enough time to write in this job, so he finished the first symphony "Winter Dream" in his first year as a teacher, but the audience did not respond well. Not long after, he left school because of too much pressure and overwork, and had a nervous breakdown at 1877. After a year's suspension, he tried to go back to school to continue teaching, but soon gave up and decided to retire. After resting in Switzerland for a while, I moved to Kiev to live with my sister. From 1868, Tchaikovsky gradually became close to the members of the Russian national music school. Balakirev made a suggestion in 1869, and wrote the famous orchestral overture "Romeo and Juliet Fantasy Overture". However, since then, Tchaikovsky's composition style has become more and more westernized, and he has gradually drifted away from the national music school that emphasizes national materials and styles. On one occasion, Tchaikovsky conducted his own opera "Banshee" (enchantress, Russian original чародейаа,1July 885) in Moscow instead of him, and then began to conduct normally. After overcoming his innate stage phobia, he gradually began to get used to conducting his own creation on the stage, and often toured all over Europe and met many musicians at that time. 189 1 year, Tchaikovsky was invited to the United States to conduct his own works. On May 5th of that year, he conducted the new york Music Association Symphony Orchestra at the opening ceremony of Carnegie Hall. In the American line, he also played the famous Piano Concerto No.1 and strings. This is Tchaikovsky's most famous piano concerto in B flat minor. At the beginning of the completion of 1874, it was criticized by former colleague Nicholas, so it was shelved for a long time. Unexpectedly, it premiered in the United States, but it became an instant hit. Since then, it has become Tchaikovsky's signature. 1893, 9 days after the premiere of Symphony No.6 "Pathetique", Tchaikovsky died at his home in St. Petersburg Street. Some musicians (such as Milton Cross and David Evan) think that Tchaikovsky has long been aware of death, and the sixth symphony is his requiem. The first theme is followed by a fast chord-changing melody and strong harmony, and the constant melody after that has nothing to do with the melody before and after. This sudden insertion of non-sequels is usually considered as a typical musical form of mass of the Russian Catholic dead.

Edit this personal life

Catastrophic marriage

Tchaikovsky's homosexual tendencies have long been known. Although all the evidence was erased during the Soviet period, there is no doubt that his sexual orientation has a great influence on his life and works. Some historians still think that he is heterosexual, but according to the testimony of his servant Alexei sophron Novo and his nephew Davidoff Stradivarius, most scholars think that his closest partner is the same sex. Most other evidence can be found in letters, diaries and letters from his brother who is modest (also gay). When I was in law school, Tchaikovsky had a crush on the French singer Didier? Ado (Désirée Art? T) But after the woman got married, the relationship ended in vain. While teaching at Moscow Conservatory of Music, a paranoid female student, antonia? Milu Miliukova chased him madly with a lot of love letters, threatening not to marry him, and even threatening to die. In fact, Tchaikovsky doesn't remember this student in his class at all, but the female student is quite persistent and keeps writing letters. Tchaikovsky was written by Pushkin's poem Eugene? Eugene onegin is about to be adapted into an opera. Because Eugene, the protagonist in the poem, rejected Tatiana when he was young, he finally lived in regret. Tchaikovsky, who is too involved in the play, thinks that this relationship should not be rejected. They got married on July 1877. Tchaikovsky regretted it before the honeymoon was over. When they returned to Moscow on July 26th, he was on the verge of collapse. Friends around him can see that his condition is very bad, but no one knows the seriousness. Two weeks after his marriage, he tried to commit suicide in the cold moscow river, but he gave up because he couldn't stand the cold, so he contracted severe pneumonia. Tchaikovsky fled to St. Petersburg after a complete mental breakdown. When his brother Anatoly met him at St. Petersburg Railway Station, he could hardly recognize the gaunt and sickly man in front of him as his brother. Anatoly rushed him to a nearby hotel. After a fit, Tchaikovsky was in a coma for two whole days. During this period, what he did, said and said was probably known only by psychiatrists except Anatoly. The doctor advised Tchaikovsky to completely change his lifestyle and told him not to try to improve his marriage and never to see his new wife again. From then on, Tchaikovsky never saw Antonija again, but he would send her living expenses regularly, and their marriage remained until his death. In the following years, Tchaikovsky was afraid that antonia would reveal the inside story of their breakup to the world. Anatoly tried to persuade her to divorce, but antonia refused to divorce, and did not cooperate with the public to claim that the reason for the breakdown of their marriage was Tchaikovsky's affair. The publisher Pyotr I. Jürgenson tried his best to get a divorce for Tchaikovsky, but he never succeeded. However, in the summer of 1880, he found that antonia had been married for half a year and had children, all of whom were thrown into an orphanage. Antonia was diagnosed with mental illness in 1896 and died in 19 17. As for Tchaikovsky, he didn't blame Antonia for her mental breakdown, but thought it was a doomed tragedy and a punishment for marrying for the sake of marriage. Although the experience of marriage is like a nightmare, Tchaikovsky's desire for marriage as a homosexual has never diminished. When Anatoly got engaged, Tchaikovsky wrote him a touching letter, which mentioned, "Sometimes I really want to be touched and loved by a woman. I often fantasize about being hugged by a loving woman, and I can lie on his lap and kiss her ... "Later scholars thought that Tchaikovsky's concept of his wife was actually wrong, just trying to find his mother who died young through marriage.

Timely donors

Tchaikovsky was more influenced by a rich widow named Nadezhda von Meck. Between 1877 and 1890, she and Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky exchanged 1200 letters. At her insistence, they never met. But by chance, they met by chance on two different occasions, but they didn't speak. She not only offered 6,000 rubles a year as a sponsor, but also expressed her concern for Chai's music career and appreciation of his music. Unfortunately, this relationship ended after 13, because she claimed to be bankrupt. Some people think that she stopped funding because she discovered Tchaikovsky's homosexuality, not because of bankruptcy. However, her second daughter Alexandra (she accidentally scared her father to death with words-she wrote a letter telling him that her sister Miloshka was not his own daughter) once told her that when her mother started to support firewood, Chai was gay, so von Meck should not stop supporting firewood. Von Meck is clever and extremely diligent in discovering everything about firewood. It is said that she was satisfied that Tchaikovsky would not have a woman in his love life. It is said that Tchaikovsky was hit hard by her sudden termination of sponsorship and was depressed all the way. Throughout his life, he also failed to understand the reason why von Meche stopped sponsoring. What he doesn't know is only circulated in the von Meck family. They are also victims, because they failed to solve all the misunderstandings before they died. Von Meck's financial situation is worse than she announced: her son-in-law Khilinski blackmailed her and threatened to disclose the secret of his wife Miloshka's father; Vladimir, his son, was extravagant and asked his mother for more help. The situation of von meck is getting worse and worse. She has contracted tuberculosis, and the virus has infected her throat. Less than three months after Chai died, he also suffocated. Another reason why the misunderstanding can't be solved is that von Meck's arm has shrunk, which makes it impossible for her to write letters.

The editor died in this paragraph.

Tchaikovsky died on11June 6, 893, just nine days after the premiere of the Sixth Symphony. His body was transported to St. Petersburg, Alexandria? In Tikhvin cemetery of Nevsky Monastery, whose grave lies Alexander, a composer we are familiar with? Near alexander borodin and Sochi. At that time, most scholars thought that he died of cholera because he drank polluted tap water. But in recent decades, several other theories have gradually become popular, and it is generally believed that he probably committed suicide, which may be caused by the law school alumni association's boycott of homosexuality. In his unpublished manuscript A Day in Tchaikovsky, the music historian Alexander orlova used oral testimony as evidence to support the inference that Tchaikovsky died of suicide. He believes that Tchaikovsky committed suicide by taking arsenic, so the date of death and the disposal of the body will be kept secret, leading to inconsistent statements. However, due to the lack of written evidence, Aulova's statement has been questioned by many parties, and the real cause of Tchaikovsky's death is still an unsolved mystery. The British composer Michael Fennessey wrote an opera "Shameful Sin" with Tchaikovsky's doomsday and death as the theme.

Edit the representative works in this paragraph.

symphony

Symphony No.1 in G minor (1866)-The creation of the first symphony is inspired by the winter scene in Russia, so it is also called "winter dream". Although Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky admits that it has some defects, it undoubtedly contains the dreams and feelings of a beautiful young man. ? Symphony No.2 in C minor (1872)? Symphony No.3 in D major (1875)? Symphony No.4 in F minor (1878)? Symphony No.5 in E minor (1888)? Symphony no 6 in b minor (1893)-this symphony, also known as pathos, is melancholy and lyrical, and can be said to be the composer's most famous symphony. It was completed two months before his death, which fully embodies Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's aesthetic view. ? Manfred symphony orchestra

ballet

Swan Lake (1876)? Sleeping Beauty (1889)? Nutcracker (1892)

opera

Eugene? Onegin (1879)? Queen of Spades (189 1 year)

Orchestral works

Romeo and Juliet Fantasy Overture (1869)? Piano Concerto No.1 in B flat minor (1874)? Violin Concerto in D Major (1878)? French in rimini (1876)? Overture 18 12 (1880)? Serenade for strings (1880)? Italian capriccio (1880)? Hamlet (1888)