First, the influence of Zhou royal family on Qin State.
If we want to study the rise of Qin, I think Zhou is a country that has to be mentioned. One of the reasons is very simple, because if the Zhou royal family did not allow the Sheng surname to be established in Qin State, then Qin State would not exist. In other words, the main influence of Zhou royal family on Qin State was to establish Qin State. Because in the battle of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the ancestors who obtained the Qin surname always stood on the side of Shang Dynasty, including participating in the rebellion after Zhou Wuwang's death. Won Qin is actually a nation in the East. To put it bluntly, it was the Zhou royal family that stood in the wrong team during the regime change and moved to the northwest. This is a punishment for failure and rebellion. Since then, won Qin surrendered to Zhou and lived with other ethnic groups on the Loess Plateau. Therefore, the first thing that allowed Qin to exist legally was the former enemy Zhou Royal Family.
At this time, it is necessary to go back and discuss Zhou. The change of Shang and Zhou dynasties is actually an ordinary dynasty change, but it seems a little different from the later dynasty change. First, the political form of Shang and Zhou Dynasties is different from that of later generations. In fact, they are only champions, not supreme rulers. Whether it is Shang or Zhou, it is only aimed at the vassal States, but these vassal States may choose not to listen. The rulers of later generations themselves have the ability to directly manage the whole country, and no one is dissatisfied in theory. Second, the changes of Shang Dynasty in Zhou Dynasty were driven by some advanced productive forces. According to historical data, agriculture was not the absolute main mode of production in Yin and Shang Dynasties, and the proportion of fishing and hunting was still quite large. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, especially the emergence of the well-field system during the period of Zhou Gong's auxiliary administration, agriculture became the most important mode of production. Therefore, I personally think that this regime change, although it has not changed the big political system-slavery, is slightly different due to changes in productivity.
Of course, when the productivity of the Zhou Dynasty was more developed than before, it had to admit that its bronzes were much worse than those of the Yin and Shang Dynasties.
If the Qing Dynasty pushed the feudal monarchy in China to the peak, I personally think that the Zhou Dynasty also pushed the slave enfeoffment to the extreme. It is precisely because more advantageous farming has been popularized and applied that fishing and hunting are no longer the main economic form, which means that productivity is more developed than before. Including patrilineal inheritance, mining fields, patriarchal clan system, ancestral halls, rites and music, and the large-scale production of literary works, slavery really reached its peak, and some of these things later became the embryonic form of the corresponding system in feudal society. However, just like the Qing dynasty, the Zhou royal family, which brought the slave society to its peak, began to decline!
The decline of the Zhou royal family was not as rapid as that of the Qing dynasty, because it was not affected by strong external forces in the short term, and it firmly controlled most areas from Shaanxi to Henan for a long time, and no one could shake its position for a while. However, in BC 197 1 year, an accidental event triggered a foreign invasion, and then Pingdong moved eastward. From then on, the Zhou royal family lost its actual control over most areas, and its decline began to accelerate, and it soon became a pawn of the vassal state.
One of the reasons for the decline of the Zhou Dynasty is that the systems established at the time of the founding of the People's Republic of China gradually exposed their drawbacks, and these systems themselves emphasized an unchanging concept, so the longer they took, the more difficult it was to maintain. Secondly, although there were many governors in the early Zhou Dynasty, most of them were in no man's land, with little contact and conflict, and the scale of conflict was not large. The Zhou royal family is easy to control by virtue of its own strength. By the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were few such no-man's land, countries began to have direct contact, and the number and scale of conflicts began to rise to an uncontrollable level. It is only because of our own strength that we can barely cope.
Ping's eastward movement is not only the main reason for its rapid decline, but also has a far-reaching impact on Qin State. Before that, when aliens invaded, Qin Xianggong was one of the few loyal vassals. When he moved eastward, he personally led the troops to escort him. Therefore, King Ping "established the project as a vassal and gave him the land west of Rong", and declared that "Rong has no way out, and if Qin Neng attacks Rong, it will get its land". The move from Pingdong to the East shows that the Zhou royal family has lost control of the northwest region and most of its territory. Due to the loss of this large territory, it greatly weakened its own strength, made it quickly lose control of the princes and accelerated its decline. Finally, I can only retreat to a corner.
Moving eastward is an important symbol of the decline of the Zhou royal family. On the other hand, because Qin Xianggong and Qin were rewarded, this event indicates that Qin is about to rise. Because Qin won the title of vassal and the legal management right of "eight hundred Li Qinchuan", there are also a lot of Huangdi civilization and Zhou Wenming's heritage in Guanzhong area, which have become a solid foundation for the development of Qin in the future.
Second, the influence of the Loess Plateau.
The abandoned areas, especially the Loess Plateau, played a very important role in the development of Qin State. This area is the birthplace of Chinese civilization, especially the Huangdi tribe. Historically, Zhou, Qin, Han and other countries came from here. This area was once the political center of 1 1 dynasties and was often regarded as the base of emperors. So why did this area become the base of the emperor? I agree with the following three points:
First, the loess plateau has fine soil, and agricultural production can be carried out even with wooden tools. This reason is probably the main reason why agriculture was more developed than commerce the week before, and agricultural production was vigorously developed and popularized after seizing suzerainty. Because local agriculture started earlier and local civilization developed for a long time, it may maintain a high degree of development.
Secondly, the 800-mile Qinchuan, that is, the Guanzhong Plain, has a warm climate and abundant rainfall, and many water networks are intertwined, which provides great convenience for agricultural development. In particular, the later political reforms were mainly based on "the battle of ploughing", and it was very beneficial for Shang Yang to implement such reforms in this respect.
Third, the Guanzhong area is surrounded by mountains and the Yellow River and its tributaries, forming a natural barrier to itself. This natural factor, coupled with the later construction of the pass, made Guanzhong countries advance and retreat, and remained in an active position for a long time.
Third, the early development of Qin dynasty.
After Pingdong moved to the east, Qin quickly began its own development. The first is to seize the Qixi area granted by Zhou Ping, and then completely occupy the Qishan area. The significance of this move is to let Qin gain a firm foothold in the west of Guanzhong. After repelling the aliens, he also collected the adherents of the Zhou royal family who moved eastward, enriching his own strength.
After that, Qin developed to Qidong, and its territory extended eastward to Hexi and Huashan. At the same time, he occasionally sent troops to the northwest to take the initiative to attack aliens. During this period, Qin gradually wiped out the foreign nationalities in Guanzhong, annexed the small vassal States in this area, accumulated more strength, and firmly pushed eastward, so as to have the geographical conditions to get their hands on the Central Plains in the future. During this period, it has begun to confront the state of Jin. Although it sometimes used troops to the northwest, its main purpose was to relieve the worries of foreigners when it moved eastward. Of course, it also used the opportunity of acquiring new territory in the northwest to enhance its national strength, but it mainly chose a proactive way to serve its eastward strategy.
By the middle of the spring and autumn period, the prelude to the hegemony of great powers has been opened. After Qi Huangong, Qin Mugong became the king, and during this period, it "merged with twelve countries and opened Wan Li" and quickly rose to become a big country with a vast territory. Qin Mugong's hegemony enabled Qin to enter the big country club and gain the corresponding international status, which laid a very solid foundation for its subsequent development. Since then, although Qin never dominated the Central Plains before the political reform and made no progress in eastward advancement, its national strength was relatively stable, although it declined, but its foundation remained.
However, since then, the history of the Spring and Autumn Period has rapidly entered the Jin Wengong era. Although Duke Wen was still alive after his death, the State of Jin became very powerful, and the State of Qin suffered the defeat of Xiaoshan. The war had a far-reaching impact on the state of Qin. Later, although he won the war with the State of Jin, the monarch and his subjects of Qin had to face up to the powerful national strength of the State of Jin, slowed down the pace of eastward development, and turned to the west to compete with Yi Rong for territory. The development of the Spring and Autumn Period has since entered the pattern of Jin Chu's hegemony.
Fourth, the social changes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
As mentioned above, the Zhou Dynasty pushed the slavery society to the extreme, and its decline also predicted the decline of slavery. After Pingdong moved to the east, the whole of China gradually changed, so that slavery eventually fell apart.
Social productive forces developed rapidly in the Spring and Autumn Period. In terms of production tools, the manufacture of bronzes has made great progress. Although the ironware is rare, it has already begun to appear, and during this period, it began to spread in Niu Gengdi. These changes have greatly promoted the development of productive forces, and further promoted the transformation of production relations.
The rapid progress of social productive forces not only promoted the transformation of production relations, but also had an impact on the political system. After the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the power moved down, and the hegemony of the princes gradually appeared, and the influence of the Zhou royal family declined day by day. Influenced by the development of productive forces, the forces of the lower classes began to rise gradually. By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, with the decline of the Zhou royal family, new noble, representing the interests of the emerging landlord class, began to rise, relying on the support of economic strength, and began the struggle for supreme sovereignty. The result of this development directly led to the emergence of Tian Dai Qi and the division of Jin among the three ethnic groups.
The transformation of power at this time is not only the general evolution of dynasties, but also the rise and fall of the country. This is the seizure of power from the landlord class to the slave class and the transformation of the ruling class. With the reform of the political and economic system, this new class seized power and made the Warring States actually enter the feudal society. The only difference is that it replaced the Zhou royal family, the symbolic supreme ruling group. These changes, together with the rise of big cities, formed the background of Shang Yang's political reform.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) The development of Qin State after the Warring States Period.
1, the overall strategy of Qin state
According to the theory mentioned in Niu Zhongxian's book "Strategic Research" and personal cognition, strategy can be roughly divided into three levels, which are explained in detail in the book. Now it is briefly described as follows: the strategy is mainly to pay attention to the outcome of a war from a higher level and vision; The difference between grand strategy and strategy lies in the relatively long-term concern, which is not limited to the outcome of the war, but also includes the post-war situation; The overall strategy focuses on the long-term overall strategy, which spans a long time and may include several wars.
As far as the development of Qin after the founding of the People's Republic of China is concerned, it is very continuous. Although there are not necessarily specific documents to plan long-term development, the overall strategy is very clear, which can be seen from the migration of its political center. First from Tianshui to Chang, then to Meixian, then to Pingyang, then to Yongcheng, then to Jingyang, then to Liyang, and finally to Xianyang. The whole process, except for the last time, is geographically eastward, from which the overall strategy of Qin's eastward advancement can be outlined. Although the last move from Liyang to Xianyang was geographically westward, it actually served its eastward strategy.
This is also the most fascinating place in the history of Qin: since the founding of the People's Republic of China, its overall strategy has been very clear. In addition to limited strength, monarchs of past dynasties are seeking to develop eastward. The coherence of its overall strategy includes persisting in Shang Yang's political reform for a long time and seeking the goal of unifying the world from the later period of King Qin Zhao. All show its transcendence.
Personally, I think that the overall eastward strategy that Qin unintentionally formed since the founding of the People's Republic of China was mainly due to the geopolitical constraints at that time. According to the view at that time, China was the center of the world, surrounded by different nationalities. At that time, the western part of China only included the area between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River and the Loess Plateau, and Qin was in the northwest corner. This situation is actually similar to leaning in a corner, and the only way out is to go east. The overall strategic continuity caused by this geopolitical situation is similar to that of Britain later. Most countries on the mainland will have a fierce debate on land rights and sea rights, so that it is difficult to determine the development direction, and even if it is determined, it is not continuous. For example, the dispute between land defense and sea defense in China in modern times has been inconclusive for a long time. As a result, the country has no overall strategy at all, but a country like Britain does not need to argue at all, because the only power of an island country is sea power. The same is true of Qin, which is located in the northwest corner, and the east is its only development direction. Some people may ask, why doesn't he go to the north or northwest to develop? In fact, it is not difficult to solve this problem. Before and after the reunification of Qin, the northern boundary of China was generally south of the Great Wall, and the first line of the Great Wall basically coincided with the fifteen-inch rain line. Although Qin lived together with foreigners for a long time, its civilization was still dominated by agriculture. Once you cross this line, it will be difficult to cultivate because of natural conditions, so eastward is its way out.
Due to the tradition of long-term struggle against foreign nationalities in northwest China, Qin has a strong sense of militarism, which makes the execution of any order smoother, just like Shang Yang's political reform.
2. Shang Yang Reform
Shang Yang's political reform is undoubtedly a monument in the history of Qin State and even in the history of China, but as I mentioned in another article entitled "The Death of Daqin Empire", this political reform is actually one of the reasons for the death of Qin State. This kind of political reform began some time after the landlord class seized power in the Warring States period, and there was a successful precedent of Wei's political reform. At this time, Legalists became the leading role in the historical stage, and monarchs of all countries hoped to enrich Qiang Bing.
There are other reasons for the success of Qin's reform. Due to the long-term anti-foreign tradition in northwest China, Qin has a strong sense of militarism, which makes the implementation of any order relatively smooth. Qin's folkway is tough and simple, which is not found in the Central Plains countries. Shang Yang's political reform happened to encounter these problems, which is also a major reason why his laws can be implemented despite cruelty.
Qin is a country that implemented the county system earlier. Compared with Zhou's enfeoffment system, this new state system is a kind of progress, which shows that although Qin was not strong before, it still kept pace with the times and did not fall behind, and this political system also provided great convenience for Shang Yang. On the other hand, Qin was founded late and was on the edge of the western frontier for a long time, so it was little influenced by the Zhou royal family at first. In the political reform, the opposition of the old aristocracy was relatively weak, and the political reform was relatively easy. All these, together with the strong support and trust of Qin Xiaogong, a rich country in Qiang Bing, made the political reform go smoothly, although it was blocked.
Shang Yang's political reform mainly emphasized "agricultural war", that is, he cared about two aspects: one was the basic life and production at home, and the other was the military expansion abroad. This system was successful in the Warring States period because it was just suitable for implementation in a state of war. Just like the later wartime system, it only cared about two necessary aspects in a state of war. This system led to the demise of Qin State because it was not suitable for a country in a period of peaceful development at all, because after reunification, what was needed first was the security and development of the people, and war was no longer the primary concern. But unfortunately, the implementation of different mechanisms in peacetime and wartime is very late. This is often the case in history. Qin was less influenced by the Western Zhou system and was able to reform smoothly and become strong. However, due to the far-reaching influence of legalists, it finally ended in the domestic development period after reunification. In other words, China was absolutely second to none in feudal society, but it had such a great influence that capitalism sprouted in the Ming Dynasty. The western countries were less influenced by feudalism and soon entered the capitalist era.
There is no doubt that Shang Yang has opened a road to expand the army of the whole people. All laws and regulations exist for expansion and war. In the war, Qin can only become stronger and stronger. The success of political reform has enabled Qin Xiaogong to continue to implement the overall strategy of the country-the eastward policy! If we say that Shang Yang's main contribution lies in political reform, the second is to recover Hexi region: Qin's eastward strategy has revived!
3, vertical and horizontal world
Of course, another contribution of Qin Xiaogong is that he passed the throne to Wang Hui of Qin. Some people may be dissatisfied with his killing of Shang Yang, but Qin Wanghui's contribution to Qin Law should be no less than filial piety and Wei Yang! If he abolishes Shang Yang's laws, history may be unrecognizable, so Qin's primary contribution is to safeguard national laws! It is common for people to die. As the saying goes, people are cool when they are away from tea! What's more, Shang Yang is dead? Therefore, it is a miracle that someone dies occasionally!
In fact, King Hui of Qin occupied a very important position among the kings after the political reform. His contribution is not only to maintain the laws of Shang Jun, but also to explore the strategy of Qin. Because at this time, Qin Guo Zhong once again occupied Hexi, with Hanguguan in the middle, Jueru in the north and Xiaoshan in the south. Where does the east back sword point? How to attack? There was no specific strategic vision before. Because of the geographical situation, there used to be only one way, but now the situation is different. How to do it is an important question.
One of Qin's great advantages is that he is good at distinguishing and can choose a better scheme to implement. This is actually a kind of *. For example, the article "Sima Cuo and Zhang Yi contend for Qin Gui and Wang Qian" in the Warring States Policy is a good proof. In this paper, the arguments of both sides are actually at the height of grand strategy, that is, they are all concerned about the post-war situation. They integrated, explained, speculated and gave a plan on the actual situation, which shows that the high-level decision-making group of Qin State has considerable strength. Sima Cuo and Zhang Yi's two strategic frameworks, one emphasizes state and rationality, and the other emphasizes utility. But King Huiwang of Qin, like most kings of Qin, chose rationality and state to construct his own strategy, which is superior to the monarchs of six countries in Shandong.
Qin's important contribution lies in: persisting in the law, winning the rich country of Bashu, exploring the national strategy with all his life energy, and finally determining the strategy to break Lian Heng, and accumulating quite rich experience all his life. Of course, Qin Wuwang may be his only failure, but fortunately, he still has a son.
Zhao Haoqi of Qin Dynasty is a generation of heroes! Of course, his achievements are also related to his times. After the reform of filial piety and the accumulation of benefiting the king, the national strength of Qin was very strong at this time; At this time, a large number of military generals such as Tian Lei gradually emerged; The appearance of Qin dynasty brought the strategy of attacking from far and attacking from near, and made the vertical and horizontal skills fully play. At this time, as long as the king's problem is not big, it seems difficult to achieve great things.
Qin Zhaowang's achievement lies in his constant encroachment on the outside world, relying on national strength, and taking distant friendship and near attack as the strategic guiding ideology. Throughout his life, although he did not destroy a country and killed Bai Qi in vain, the strength of the six countries in Shandong dropped sharply and was weakened to the lowest point. Especially in military strength, Zhao's fiasco made none of the six Shandong countries be able to stand alone against Qin Jun. Moreover, due to its own strategic problems, Qi has also been hit hard. Although supported by Tian Chan, it is difficult to become the overlord again. From this stage, although countries sometimes engage in strategic integration, it is difficult to achieve great things. Most of the time, they only care about immediate interests or just seek survival, among which South Korea is the most prominent.
4. Eliminate Liuhe
Qin's strategy, through constant knowledge and perfect policies, has created a powerful force. Although it has temporarily slowed down due to heavy losses, it has begun to seek to guide history. This guidance is to unify the world! Perhaps if the fathers who won the political power were not so short-lived, Junko predicted that Qin could be reunified within 20 years after the battle of Changping.
However, Ying Zheng soon achieved this goal. Before and after he ascended the throne, although he sang an episode in it, it was still very smooth. After a long period of transformation, Qin's national strength has not only been restored, but also reached a new height and was pushed to the peak. At the same time, a large number of ministers and military commanders gathered to make a good play come to an end ten years later. The strategy in unification is very simple, because the strength of the other side is too weak, so as long as it is near and far, it seems that it doesn't matter who hits first. But Ying Zheng put on a good show: first, a breakthrough in the middle, then a flank attack, and finally, Enemy at the Gates lost without a fight!
Unfortunately, at this time, Qin Guojun and his subjects focused all their energy on the unified war, and all strategic thinking was born from this, so that when everything was ready, they lost their thinking about the next strategy. When they appreciate this historical drama, the overall strategy of Qin State has gradually come to an end since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the weakness of the law is about to be exposed. When all strategies come to an end and all strategic thinking stops, who knows what to do next?
No one knows, so the demise of the Daqin Empire is coming, which is really a pity!
I also have a special article about its destruction, so I won't elaborate here. )
5. The experience of the rise of Qin.
It is true that this series of processes is not only fascinating because of its grandeur, but also leaves infinite reverie for future generations. The rise and unification of Qin also have a lot of experience to learn from. Although the rule of the Qin Dynasty lasted only fifteen years, it took hundreds of years to grow and develop. Among them, in addition to pursuing the overall strategy of eastward advancement for a long time, there are many others, and my talents are limited. Let me list one or two for the time being:
First of all, long-term stability and unity within the country is one of the important reasons. There were few civil strife in the history of Qin, and even occasional episodes were quickly quelled. On the contrary, many countries have gradually lost their qualification to compete in the Central Plains because of civil strife. The most regrettable thing is the state of Jin. The three countries after the division of Jin are among the powerful countries. If there is no teacher, the most powerful thing is gold!
Secondly, in terms of talents, Qin not only has no shortage of English masters, but also attracts and uses talents. Shang Yang, Zhang Qian and others were all driven to Qin by other countries, especially Wei. Lv Buwei, Reese and others are also guests. Attracting and reusing these people is one of the important reasons for their rise. Talent is a very important strategic resource at any time!
Thirdly, the failure of Shandong countries, especially the failure of integration, is undoubtedly explaining the importance of self-reliance! Any country that fantasizes about relying on its allies to seek benefits is more risky than a country that seeks benefits alone. Any extravagant hope for allies is unrealistic. "On War" wrote: "The cooperation of the Allies does not depend on the will of the belligerents. They often join the war later, or strengthen the war in order to restore the lost balance of power, which is determined by the nature of international relations. "
During the Warring States period, most of the vertical and horizontal alliances were aimed at maintaining the balance of power. For example, the previous alliance was to limit the dominance of Qin. Later, King Wuling of Zhao rode and shot Hu Fu, Zhao Guoli rose, and the League of Nations was suspended. When Zhao Changping was defeated, the previous balance of power was broken and all ethnic groups began to unite again. But this time, the alliance has lost its meaning.
Historically, there are many such examples. Most allies joined the war at a later stage, or to maintain the balance of power. For example, if the United States participates in World War I, it can basically be seen. At this time, if you add a little effort, your loss will be very small. Allies have always been unstable factors, such as the Korean War. It turned out that the Soviet Union promised to send troops. For example, during World War I, Italy, as an ally of Germany and Austria, actually fell to the side of the Allies. Therefore, when the country seeks its own interests, it should consider more for itself!
Finally, due to geographical reasons and mature strategic application, Qin always took the initiative in his own hands after the political reform. The purpose of the whole article "The Art of War" is actually to discuss how to control the initiative in war. The so-called "causing people without causing people." For example, the battle of Changping, as well as some subsequent battles, could not be started, resulting in Qin Jun being a teacher of violence for a long time. However, Qin used deviant means many times, which made Qin Jun on the battlefield change from passive to active. After the First World War in Handan, the situation was greatly unfavorable. By virtue of its geographical advantages, Qin Jun has kept its customs and rejected the secular. All of the above give people a feeling that I can fight whenever I want and defend whenever I want. In the middle and late Warring States period, Qin completely took the initiative in the war!
Sixth, the objective reasons for the rise of Qin and the unification of the world.
In fact, historians have analyzed many reasons for this, and I personally just summarize them.
First of all, the eastward migration and decline of the Zhou royal family gave a lot of room for development.
Second, the development of productive forces and the social changes it induced promoted the development of Qin in the middle and late Warring States period and finally unified the world.
Third, the social form has changed, and history needs a new state system and new interest groups to replace the old state system and ruling groups, and Qin just met this requirement.
Fourth, the Yellow River flood has always been a big problem, which requires a unified national organization and all forces along the Yellow River and even the whole country to deal with it, so this problem has also promoted reunification in disguise.
Fifthly, although the rainfall in China (in a narrow sense, only including the period of Qin unification) is generally stable, it is not evenly distributed to all regions every year, which often leads to floods or droughts, and then to famine. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, countries often waged wars on food issues in disaster years, including the famous Hanyuan War in Qin Mugong. Forming a unified country in a vast area is helpful to grain dispatching and solving famine.
Sixth, the rise of aliens beyond the Great Wall and their constant invasion to the south, especially in the late Warring States period, made Chinese civilization also need a unified foreign struggle. This is a conflict between farming civilization and nomadic civilization, and its final result is bound to be a unified confrontation between the two sides.
Of course, some other reasons can't promote the development and unification of Qin state as a whole, but it seems to have certain significance for it to gain local advantages if it goes with the flow. For example, Qin's military technology, according to the archaeological findings of Terracotta Warriors, is still in the Bronze Age, but his ability to push bronzes to such a high level may be related to his being in the East and his ancestors belonging to the Shang Dynasty. As mentioned above, although the mode of production of Yin Shang did not establish farming as in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the times were more advanced, his bronze ware manufacturing was stronger than that in the Western Zhou Dynasty. As a subordinate of Yin Shang before the Qin Dynasty, this technology should be well inherited, and it is not surprising that it has advantages in this respect later.
Therefore, in general, Qin first inherited the Shang civilization, and gradually developed a strong and simple folk custom after moving westward. After moving eastward, it inherited the Yellow Emperor civilization and Zhou Wenming. It can be said that the State of Qin has inherited the civilizations of the eastern and western countries in China, and even other nationalities outside the Great Wall, so the new nationalities and civilizations formed by long-term integration should naturally have certain advantages. Although these can't be used as evidence that he unified the world is a historical necessity and trend, the rise of Qin is also a manifestation of his own strength.
Seven, Qin's influence on later generations.
Qin's influence on later generations mainly lies in two aspects, one is to establish the basic overall strategy, and the other is to determine various systems. After the reunification of Qin Dynasty, although its overall strategy came to an end and there was no new strategic guiding ideology, since Qin Dynasty, dynasties have at least tried their best to seek reunification to the south of the Great Wall, and then transferred troops to the north to prevent the northern nomads from going south. Its unified area is usually larger than that of Qin State. Later dynasties used the county system or similar system to manage the country, and the emperor made it the ruling system. Including many specific systems, even though there have been great changes compared with the Qin dynasty, it is still developed on its basis.
In any case, this great empire, which experienced the transition from slavery to feudalism, is a connecting link. Although there are many unsatisfactory places, it is still admirable. Even if you don't like him, you can't ignore his influence on the next two thousand years.
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