The southeast coastal area was the settlement of Baiyue people in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Among them, the Yue people living in southern Zhejiang were called "Dong 'ou" in the Han Dynasty. Those who live in what is now Fujian Province are called "Fujian and Vietnam"; Those who live in Guangdong and Guangxi are called "South Vietnam". After Qin Shihuang unified China, Huiji, Minzhong (now Fuzhou, Fujian), Nanhai (now Guangzhou, Guangdong), Guilin (now southwest of Guiping County, Guangxi) and Xiang Jun (now Chongzuo County, Guangxi) were established to rule Baiyue. At that time, Baiyue clan, under the rule of local government in Qin Dynasty, paid land rent. Or retreat into the mountains and continue to confront the Qin government. At the end of Qin Dynasty, there was chaos in the Central Plains, and Baiyue people rebelled. When Chen She Uprising, today the Yue people in Zhejiang and Fujian took part in Liu Bang's anti-Qin war under the leadership of Liu Bang's monarch. Liu Bang ascended the throne, and was named King of Fujian and Yue, the hometown of Wang Min, and Dongzhi (now Fuzhou, Fujian). Later, in 1933, Hui Di was renamed Donghai King, with Dong 'ou (now Wenzhou, Zhejiang) as its capital. When Jingdi was in power, Dong 'ou participated in Wu's rebellion. Later, his king was bought by the Han government, trapped and killed Wu in Dantu. Liu Bi's son fled to Fujian and Vietnam, encouraging them to attack Dongou. At the beginning of Emperor Wudi's accession to the throne, Fujian soldiers besieged Dong 'ou, and Dong 'ou plunged into the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Yan Zhufa from Huiji County (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province) to send troops to the sea for rescue, and the Fujian and Vietnamese troops withdrew when they heard the news. In order to avoid being attacked again, Dongou requested to move inward. In the Han Dynasty, some Yue people migrated to the area between Jianghuai and Han nationality, and they became editors of the Western Han Dynasty.
South Vietnam and the Qin Dynasty had established a county. When the Qin Dynasty was in trouble, Longchuan, the county of Nanhai, ordered Zhao Tuo to act as the agent of Nanhai Wei. He took the opportunity to attack Guilin and Xiang Jun and became the king of South Vietnam. At the beginning of Han Dynasty, Liu Bang sent Lv Jia to South Vietnam. Zhao Tuo expressed his willingness to surrender to the Han Dynasty, and Han named Zhao Tuo the king of South Vietnam. Lu Houshi, because the Han Dynasty imposed a bloody blockade on South Vietnam, Zhao Tuo claimed to be the Emperor Wu of South Vietnam, broke away from the Han Dynasty, and sent troops to attack the border cities of Changsha and defeated the Han soldiers. After Emperor Wendi ascended the throne, he sent someone to repair Zhao Tuo's ancestral grave in Zhending (now Zhengding South, Hebei Province), giving preferential treatment to his relatives who stayed at home, and then sent Lu Jia to South Vietnam to persuade Zhao Tuo and South Korea to restore the original relationship. Emperor Jing and Zhao Tuo sent envoys to the imperial court to express their obedience, but they still used the Emperor's number at home. In the sixth year of Jianyuan (135), Fujian and Vietnam sent troops to attack South Vietnam, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Wang Hui to help them. Before the Han soldiers arrived, Yushan, the younger brother of the king of Fujian and Vietnam, killed the king of Fujian and Vietnam and returned Han. Before Liang Wudi established the ugly grandson of the former king of Fujian and Yue as the king of Yue, he established Yushan as the king of East Yue, and * * * ruled Fujian and Yue. In the sixth year of Ding Yuan (before, 1 1 1), Yushan, king of the Eastern Yue Dynasty, rose up against the Han Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor, attacked Zhangyu County and killed local officials in the Han Dynasty. Liang Wudi sent Korea to send troops, and the nobles of East Vietnam killed the king of the cave. Please surrender. Emperor Wu thought that the terrain of Fujian and Vietnam was dangerous and disobedient, so he renamed some nobles of Yue Wang and Dongyue as Hou and moved local Vietnamese to Jianghuai area. Dong 'ou people and Fujian-Vietnamese people between Jianghuai gradually merged with Han people.
Four years after Ding Yuan enjoyed the ancient landscape paintings (before 1 13), Zhao Xing, king of South Vietnam, and Queen Mother Bang (Yin Liu) wished to return to their families, demanding that the border blockade be lifted in the Han Dynasty and that they be treated equally with inland princes. Emperor Wu granted permission to give Lu Jiayin, Prime Minister of South Vietnam, and official seals such as literature and history, a teacher and a lieutenant. The rest of the officials were still personally placed by the King of South Vietnam, and the ancient corporal punishment used in South Vietnam was abolished, and the unified laws of China were implemented. Lv Jia lived in three dynasties in South Vietnam, and more than 70 clans held important positions, with real power exceeding that of the royal family. Therefore, he is unwilling to give up his semi-independent status. On behalf of the Vietnamese aristocratic forces, he prevented Zhao Xing from becoming invalid, so he rebelled in the summer of five years in Ding Yuan, killed the King of South Vietnam, the Empress Dowager and Zhao Xing, the messenger of the Han Dynasty, and made Jiande king. Upon hearing this, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed Lu Bode as the general and Yang Servant as the general of the ship, led a hundred thousand troops to invade South Vietnam, recruited troops and captured Panyu (present-day Guangzhou). Lv Jia and others fled after the defeat, most of the defenders in South Vietnam surrendered, and Lv Jia was beheaded by the captives, and officials from all over South Vietnam greeted them. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed many nobles of South Vietnam as liehou, abolished the state of South Vietnam and divided it into nine counties, namely Bor, Zhu Ya, Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, Jiaotoe, Jiuzhen and Rinan, which were directly under the jurisdiction of the central government of the Western Han Dynasty.
In the Han Dynasty, all the ethnic minorities living in the southwest foothills were collectively called "Southwest Yi". Generally speaking, there are Yelang and Galand in western Guizhou, Dian in Dianchi area of Yunnan, Li and Kun in Erhai area, Southwest Sichuan, Southwest Chengdu, and North Chengdu. Castanopsis kawakamii in southern Gansu was also included in the southwest of China. The languages and customs of the Yi people in Southwest China are different. People of Yelang, Yunnan, Du Qiong and other ethnic groups are used to combing spines, farming, gathering in cities and being "princes"; The customs of Yi people, Kunming and other ethnic groups were scattered, migrated with livestock, and lived a nomadic life without a "monarch". The social development of Yi ethnic groups in southwest China is very unbalanced, some of them are in primitive society, and some have entered slave society.
In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Southwest Yi area was closely linked with Bashu area, and often conducted business exchanges. Han merchants brought out mules and horses, cattle, bones (slaves, music), gold, silver, copper, ivory and so on. From the southwest of Yi. Bashu's ironware, orange sauce and other commodities were also transported to the southwest Yi area. In the sixth year of Jianyuan (BC 135), Fan Yang made Tang Meng discover gouache produced in the Shu area of South Vietnam, and found a way to reach South Vietnam from the Shu area through the southwest Yi area, so he wrote to Emperor Wu: "The Huang family of the King of South Vietnam (the emperor's chariots and decorations) is outside Vandory, and it is called the foreign minister, but it is actually the king of the country." Today, Changsha and Zhang Yu are going, and there are many waterways that make it difficult to travel. Stealing all the elite soldiers of Yelang can get more than 100,000 yuan. Upright's Jiang Ke was unexpected, and this system is even more amazing. "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty agreed to his request and sent Tang Meng to Yelang with one thousand soldiers and more than ten thousand trench soldiers and gifts such as silks and satins. Hou Duotong, Yelang and their nearby towns coveted the property of the Han Dynasty and agreed to return it to the Han Dynasty. So Han set up Qianwei County on his own land (Zhidao Road, now Yibin, Sichuan) and began to build a mountain road from Shaodao to Yelang Formation (now north of Panjiang River). Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Sima Xiangru's suggestion and sent him to appeal to Du Qiong, Chadu and Ran. These governors also liked the generosity of the Han Dynasty and were willing to join them. Han placed a captain on his land and established more than ten counties, which belonged to Shu County (Chengdu, now Sichuan Province). Later, because of accepting the advice of the ancient imperial doctor palace, Han Ting once gave up the management of southwest Yi in order to deal with the Xiongnu in the north.
Ancient Landscape Paintings Zhang Qian discovered Qiongzhuzhang and Shubu in the summer in Central Asia. It is said that they come from tofu (India), so he learned that Bashu and tofu can communicate. In the first year of Yuanshou (BC 122), Zhang Qian returned from Daxia, reported the above situation to Emperor Wu, and suggested reopening the Southwest Post Road to avoid poisoning. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent messengers from Bashu to try to get rid of poison. When China's envoys arrived in Yunnan, because Kunming, Xi 'an and other nationalities were greedy for money, they killed China's envoys, looted property, blocked the passage and sought the way of physical poison. Once, King Dian talked with Ambassador China and asked him, "Who is older, Han or me?" Yelang Hou once had the same story, and the allusion of "Yelang is arrogant" is based on this.
In the fifth year of Ding Yuan (before 1 12), South Vietnam rebelled, and soldiers near Yelang of the Han Dynasty attacked South Vietnam. The Lanjun took this as an anti-Han, killed the Han ambassador, and Qian Wei was the satrap. The following year, Han soldiers went south from Bashu and captured Galand, where they set up Qunke County (located in the southwest of huangping county, Guizhou). Yelang Hou relied on South Vietnam at first, and the Han Dynasty destroyed South Vietnam, so he surrendered to the Han Dynasty, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made him Yelang King, so foreigners in the southwest competed for possession. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took Du Qiong as Yue County (located in the east of Xichang City, Sichuan Province), Zhadu as Shenli County (located in the northeast of Hanyuan County, Sichuan Province), lanham as Wenshan County (located in the north of Maowen County, Sichuan Province) and Baima as Wudu County (located in the northeast of Wudu County, Gansu Province). In the second year of Yuanfeng (before 109), Emperor Wu sent troops to attack Yunnan, surrendered to the king of Yunnan, and took Yizhou County (located in the east of Jinning County, Yunnan Province). At the same time, he let Wang Yin, the king of Yunnan, rule his tribe. As a result, most of the southwest region was incorporated into the territory of the Western Han Dynasty, and the southwest border of the Han Dynasty extended to Gaoligong Mountain and Ailao Mountain.
Ancient landscape paintings lived in Wuhuan, Xianbei and other ethnic minorities in the northeast, and were called "Donghu" in the Han Dynasty. Wuhuan activities are in the area of Wuhuan Mountain north of the Xilamulun River. Wuhuan people are "good at riding and shooting, hunting animals for things, grazing on aquatic plants, and living in impermanence." They also manage agriculture, planting cold-resistant and drought-tolerant crops and East Wall (black millet). Wu Huan "Men can make bows, arrows and saddles, and forge gold and iron as weapons", while women can embroider and weave woolen cloth. Among the five-ring tribes, "those who are brave and capable of managing duel lawsuits are promoted to adults." Because "the following adults raise their own livestock and production, and do not compete with each other", it is still in the last stage of primitive society. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Wu Huan was destroyed by the Xiongnu, surrendered to the Xiongnu, and was forced to pay the sheepskin of cattle and horses every year. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Huo Qubing to lead the army to defeat the left part of Xiongnu, Wuhuan moved to Shanggu, Yuyang, Youbeiping, western Liaoning and southern Liaoning (now northern Hebei and southern Liaoning) and set up a captain to protect Wuhuan for governance.
Xianbei was originally an Donghu tribe with the same language and customs as Wuhuan. At the end of the third century BC, after the Huns broke Donghu, they moved to Xianbei Mountain, beyond the Great Wall in Liaodong, and took the mountain name as their family name. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wu Huan descended to the Han Dynasty, moved south to the Laoha River basin, and Xianbei also pushed southwest. He lived in the Lamulun River valley in the west, adjacent to Wuhuan, and was enslaved by Xiongnu.
During the Western Han Dynasty, the tribes of Dongyi were also divided into many tribes or races. Its distribution today is called Fuyu in the north of Shenyang, Koguryo in the north bank of Yalu River, Xunmo in the east of Korean Peninsula and Korea in the west. At the end of Qin Dynasty, there was chaos in the Central Plains, and tens of thousands of people from Yan, Qi and Zhao fled to Liaodong. In the early Han Dynasty, "Luwan, the prince rebelled and entered the Xiongnu. Yan Renwei was a desperate man. He gathered more than a thousand people to tie a knot (bun), walked out of the fortress in the east, crossed the dam water (now Qingchuan River in North Korea), and lived in Qingye (Yunkun County) in Qin. He was a real example (about Xinchuan area in North Korea today), which was done by the desperate people of North Korea barbarians and Yan Qi. Wei Man established political power in Korea. At that time, the territory of South Korea roughly included eastern Liaoning, southwestern Jilin and northwestern Korean Peninsula. Han Liaodong's satrap met wei ren. "Full of foreign ministers, protect barbarians beyond the Great Wall, and don't make thieves; Barbarians want to see the son of heaven, don't forbid it. "Wei Man used this political advantage to gradually unify the northern part of Korea. In the first year of Yuanshuo (BC128th), Wang Wenna led 280,000 people to submit to the Han Dynasty, which took it as the Canghai County (now the east coast of Korea). Later, Wei Manchuan was located in the right canal of Sun Tzu, which attracted a large number of Han Chinese to flee, but did not enter the Han Dynasty emperor, deterring other small countries on the peninsula. In the third year of Yuanfeng (BC 109), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent an envoy to North Korea, telling Youqu to abide by the previous agreement, but Youqu refused to serve as a letter. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent a ship general, yangfu, to lead an army from Bohai Sea, while the general left Liaodong and attacked the Right Canal in two ways. The following year, North Korean nobles and other ministers made people kill the right canal. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty named the Senate as a Liehou, which was divided into four counties: Lelang County (ruling Korea, now Pyongyang), Xuantu County (ruling Fuzu at first, Xianxing in Korea, then moving to Koguryo, now Xinbinxi in Liaoning), Lintun County (ruling East, now Gangneung in Korea) and Fan Zhen County (around Xinchuan in North Korea), with jurisdiction in the south.
The territory of the Western Han Dynasty reached its peak in the later period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Because the expansion was too fast, too many buildings were built, the troops and financial resources could not adapt, and the tyranny of some local officials caused the resistance of the local people, so it was later contracted in some areas. For example, at the end of Emperor Wu, Shenli County was abolished and merged into the neighboring Shu County. But generally speaking, the territory of the Western Han Dynasty was basically stable after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The territorial expansion and frontier development in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty laid a preliminary foundation for the vast territory of China in the future.