1970 On April 24th, artificial satellite China successfully developed and launched the first artificial earth satellite "Dongfanghong-1", becoming the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch artificial earth satellites. By the end of June 38, 2000+10, China had developed and launched 47 different types of artificial earth satellites, with a success rate of over 90%. China has initially formed four major satellite series-recoverable remote sensing satellite series, "Dongfanghong" communication and broadcasting satellite series, "Fengyun" meteorological satellite series, "practical" scientific exploration and technical test satellite series, and "Resources" earth resources satellite series will soon be formed. China is the third country in the world to master satellite recycling technology, and the success rate of satellite recycling has reached the international advanced level; China is the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch a geostationary orbit communication satellite. The main technical indexes of China Meteorological Satellite and Earth Resources Satellite have reached the international level in the early 1990s. In recent years, six communication, earth resources and meteorological satellites developed and launched by China have been put into use, with stable work and good performance, resulting in good social and economic benefits. Launch Vehicle China has independently developed 12 "Long March" series launch vehicles of different models, which are suitable for launching near-earth orbit, geostationary orbit and sun-synchronous orbit. The maximum carrying capacity of the "Long March" series of launch vehicles in near-earth orbit reaches 9200 kg, and the maximum carrying capacity of geosynchronous transfer orbit reaches 5 100 kg, which can basically meet the needs of different users. Since 1985, the China government officially announced that the Long March series of launch vehicles have entered the international commercial launch market, 27 foreign-made satellites have been successfully launched into space, occupying a place in the international commercial satellite launch service market. So far, the "Long March" series of launch vehicles have been launched 63 times; From June 1996 to June 10, 2000, the "Long March" series of launch vehicles have been successfully launched for 2 consecutive times. Spacecraft Launch Site China has built three spacecraft launch sites, Jiuquan, Xichang and Taiyuan, which have been successfully completed.
Start Beidou navigation system in the next five years.
● Develop a new generation of non-toxic, pollution-free, high-performance, low-cost and high-thrust launch vehicles, and finally achieve a low-earth orbit carrying capacity of 25 tons and a geosynchronous transfer orbit carrying capacity of 14 tons.
● Start and implement the high-resolution Earth observation system project, develop and launch new polar-orbiting and geostationary-orbiting meteorological satellites, marine satellites, earth resources satellites and small satellites for monitoring and forecasting environment and disasters, and initially form an all-weather, all-day, multi-spectral and stable Earth observation system with different resolutions to realize three-dimensional observation and dynamic monitoring of land, atmosphere and ocean.
● Coordinate the development of satellite remote sensing ground system and operational application system, establish and improve the national remote sensing satellite data center, initially realize remote sensing data sharing in the field of social public services, establish satellite environment application institutions and satellite disaster reduction application institutions, and form a number of important operational application systems.
● Develop and launch long-life, high-reliability and large-capacity geostationary orbit communication satellites and live TV satellites, develop technologies such as live satellite broadcasting, broadband multimedia, satellite emergency communication and public service communication broadcasting, actively promote the commercialization of satellite communication broadcasting, and expand the industrial scale.
● Improve the Beidou navigation test satellite system and start the implementation of the Beidou satellite navigation system plan.
● Develop and launch new technology test satellites, strengthen the space flight verification of new technologies, new materials, new devices and new equipment, improve the level of independent research and development, and improve product quality and reliability.
● Develop and launch "breeding" satellites, promote the combination of space technology and agricultural breeding technology, and expand the application of space technology in agricultural scientific research.
● Develop satellites such as space telescopes and new recoverable scientific satellites, carry out basic research in space astronomy, space physics, microgravity science and space life science, strengthen the monitoring capability of space environment and space debris, and initially establish a space environment monitoring and early warning system.
● Follow-up work of manned spaceflight project, such as astronauts' extravehicular activities, spacecraft rendezvous and docking tests, and the development of short-term manned space laboratories with certain application scale and long-term autonomous flight in orbit.
Realize lunar exploration, break through the basic technology of lunar exploration, develop and launch China's first lunar exploration satellite "Chang 'e-1", and carry out the later work of lunar exploration project.
● Improve the comprehensive test capability and efficiency of the space launch site, further optimize the layout of the space launch site, and improve the reliability and automation level of the facilities and equipment of the space launch site.
● Further improve the technical level and capability of TT&C network in space, expand the coverage of TT&C, and have TT&C capability to meet the needs of deep space exploration.
Flight tests of various launch vehicles and launching missions of various artificial satellites and test spacecraft. China Spacecraft Launch Site can not only complete the domestic launch mission, but also serve the international commercial launch and carry out other international space cooperation. Aerospace TT&C China has built a complete TT&C network, including TT&C stations on land and TT&C ships at sea, and successfully completed TT&C missions from near-earth orbit satellites to geostationary orbit satellites and from satellites to test spacecraft. China Aerospace TT&C Network has the ability to share TT&C resources through international networking, and TT&C technology has reached the advanced level in the world. Manned Spaceflight China began to carry out manned spaceflight project from 65438 to 0992, developed manned spacecraft and highly reliable launch vehicle, carried out research on space medicine and space life science engineering, selected reserve astronauts, and developed a number of space remote sensing and space science experimental devices. 1999165438+21year1October 20th, China successfully launched and recovered the first unmanned experimental spacecraft, marking a breakthrough in the basic technology of manned spacecraft and an important step in the field of manned space flight.
Future planning of space technology
● Develop a new generation of non-toxic, pollution-free, high-performance, low-cost and high-thrust launch vehicles, and finally achieve a low-earth orbit carrying capacity of 25 tons and a geosynchronous transfer orbit carrying capacity of 14 tons.
● Start and implement the high-resolution Earth observation system project, develop and launch new polar-orbiting and geostationary-orbiting meteorological satellites, marine satellites, earth resources satellites and small satellites for monitoring and forecasting environment and disasters, and initially form an all-weather, all-day, multi-spectral and stable Earth observation system with different resolutions to realize three-dimensional observation and dynamic monitoring of land, atmosphere and ocean.
● Coordinate the development of satellite remote sensing ground system and operational application system, establish and improve the national remote sensing satellite data center, initially realize remote sensing data sharing in the field of social public services, establish satellite environment application institutions and satellite disaster reduction application institutions, and form a number of important operational application systems.
● Develop and launch long-life, high-reliability and large-capacity geostationary orbit communication satellites and live TV satellites, develop technologies such as live satellite broadcasting, broadband multimedia, satellite emergency communication and public service communication broadcasting, actively promote the commercialization of satellite communication broadcasting, and expand the industrial scale.
● Improve the Beidou navigation test satellite system and start the implementation of the Beidou satellite navigation system plan.
● Develop and launch new technology test satellites, strengthen the space flight verification of new technologies, new materials, new devices and new equipment, improve the level of independent research and development, and improve product quality and reliability.
● Develop and launch "breeding" satellites, promote the combination of space technology and agricultural breeding technology, and expand the application of space technology in agricultural scientific research.
● Develop satellites such as space telescopes and new recoverable scientific satellites, carry out basic research in space astronomy, space physics, microgravity science and space life science, strengthen the monitoring capability of space environment and space debris, and initially establish a space environment monitoring and early warning system.
● Follow-up work of manned spaceflight project, such as astronauts' extravehicular activities, spacecraft rendezvous and docking tests, and the development of short-term manned space laboratories with certain application scale and long-term autonomous flight in orbit.
Realize lunar exploration, break through the basic technology of lunar exploration, develop and launch China's first lunar exploration satellite "Chang 'e-1", and carry out the later work of lunar exploration project.
● Improve the comprehensive test capability and efficiency of the space launch site, further optimize the layout of the space launch site, and improve the reliability and automation level of the facilities and equipment of the space launch site.
● Further improve the technical level and capability of TT&C network in space, expand the coverage of TT&C, and have TT&C capability to meet the needs of deep space exploration.